Dimensional Changes in Dental Arches After Treatment with a Prefabricated Functional Appliance

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the T4K, a prefabricated functional appliance, on the transverse and anterior-height dimensions of the maxillary and mandibular dental arches. Dimensions before and after treatment were measured on the sample, then, natural growth was subtracted from the treatment effects and compared with twice the error of the method. A clinically significant increase of both dimensions was observed in the maxilla and mandible when Class II malocclusion patients were treated with the T4K. Therefore, this retrospective study demonstrates that T4K is a valid treatment choice at an early age when transverse expansion is part of the treatment goal.

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Early Treatment of a Class II, Division 2 Malocclusion with the Trainer for Kids (T4K): A Case Report

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.32.4.8833x52755364hx4 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 325-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

German Ramirez-Yañez ◽

Faria Paulo

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Class Ii ◽

Early Age ◽

Natural Growth ◽

Functional Appliance ◽

Skeletal Changes ◽

Short Period ◽

Before And After ◽

Division 2

This paper reports a Class II, division 2 malocclusion case successfully treated at an early age and in a relatively short period of time using the Trainer for Kids (T4K), a prefabricated functional appliance. Skeletal changes observed in the before and after treatment cephalic radiographs were compared with the expected changes produced by the patient's natural growth. The functional appliance's effects resulting in the outcomes observed in this clinical case, as well as the importance of identifying the etiological factors when treating a malocclusion will be discussed.

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Inclined bite plane: indications and application

Makassar Dental Journal ◽

10.35856/mdj.v9i3.364 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 240-242

Author(s):

Eka Erwansyah ◽

Muhammad Wira Sakti ◽

Nasyrah Hidayati

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Health Problem ◽

Early Age ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Functional Appliance ◽

Oral Health Problem ◽

Division 1 ◽

Retention Device ◽

Maxilla And Mandible ◽

Orthodontic Devices

Background: The prevalence of malocclusion in Indonesia is about 80% of the population and is a fairly common dental and oral health problem so that treatment of malocclusion from an early age is very important and needed. One of malocclusion treatment for preventing malocclusion is the use of removable orthodontic devices in the form of inclined bite plane. Con-clusion: Inclined bite plane can be made on the orthodontic plate of maxilla and mandible. In the maxilla inclined bite plane can function as a functional appliance in treatment of Class II malocclusion division 1, as a retention device after treatment using twin blocks and in the mandible serves to correct anterior crossbite.

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Evaluation of the upper airway dimensions following Herbst appliance treatment in adolescents: A retrospective study

APOS Trends in Orthodontics ◽

10.25259/apos_83_2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 153-163

Author(s):

Min Gu ◽

Yifan Lin ◽

Colman Patrick Joseph McGrath ◽

Urban Hägg ◽

Ricky Wing Kit Wong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Soft Palate ◽

Upper Airway ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Growth Data ◽

Herbst Appliance ◽

Downward Movement ◽

Dimensional Changes ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Airway Dimensions

Objectives: This retrospective study investigated dimensional changes in the upper airway following Herbst appliance therapy in adolescents with Class II malocclusion and compared those changes with growth data. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms from 44 Herbst-treated adolescents (23 boys, mean age = 13.3 ± 1.1 years, and 21 girls, mean age = 12.6 ± 1.1 years) were analyzed for the changes in the upper airway and craniofacial variables. Longitudinal cephalometric data of 34 untreated adolescents (15 boys, mean age = 12.6 ± 0.3 years, and 19 girls, mean age = 12.9 ± 0.4 years) were used as growth data for comparison. Results: Following treatment, significant changes were noted in most of the variables. Boys displayed greater downward movement of the hyoid bone than girls did (P = 0.021). Compared with the growth data, a greater increase in retroglossal oropharyngeal depth and hypopharyngeal depth was observed in boys and girls, respectively. Both displayed a decrease in the inclination of the soft palate and a smaller change in nasopharyngeal depth. Conclusion: Herbst appliance therapy enlarges the upper airway dimensions at two dissimilar sites in girls (oropharynx) and boys (hypopharynx). Boys display a greater increase in anterior and posterior facial heights than girls do, potentially accounting for the site dissimilarities. Moreover, a Herbst appliance improves the inclination of the soft palate and restricts the growth of the nasopharynx in both boys and girls.

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Effect of Thioridazine on Phenytoin Serum Concentration: A Retrospective Study

Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy ◽

10.1177/106002808702100307 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 267-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Charles D. Sands ◽

J. Daniel Robinson ◽

Ronald B. Salem ◽

Ronald B. Stewart ◽

Carlos Muniz

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Serum Concentration ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Clinically Significant

Serum Phenytoin concentrations before and after the addition of thioridazine were retrospectively compared in 27 adults to determine if an interaction occurred between these two drugs. A change in the serum phenytoin concentration of ± 4 μg/ml was considered clinically significant; by this definition four patients (14.8 percent) had an increase, two (7.4 percent) had a decrease, and most (77.8 percent) demonstrated no change. The mean difference was 0.8 μg/ml ± 3.7 μg/ml and was not found to be statistically significant (p < 0.1). Clinically important alterations in phenytoin serum concentration as caused by thioridazine appear to be infrequent.

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Study of Functional Appliance for Treatments of Children and Adolescents with Class II Malocclusion

THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY ◽

10.5933/jkapd.2020.47.3.235 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 235-247

Author(s):

Himchan Kang ◽

Koeun Lee ◽

Misun Kim ◽

Okhyung Nam ◽

Hyo-seol Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Optimal Timing ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Functional Appliance ◽

Twin Block ◽

Pubertal Growth ◽

Functional Appliances ◽

Maxilla And Mandible ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects and optimal timing for treatment of class II malocclusion with functional appliances in children and adolescents.A group of 30 patients with class II malocclusion were divided into 3 groups according to their use of functional appliance: Twin block, Activator, Fränkel appliance. The group was also divided into 2 groups according to the cervical vertebrae maturation method. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were analyzed pretreatment (T0) and posttreatment (T1). Among the functional appliances, treatment with Twin block and Activator showed significant increase in the length of the mandible (Co-Gn) and the lower anterior facial height (ANS to Me), whereas the overjet and overbite were significantly reduced. Treatment with Fränkel appliance showed significant improvement in the relationship of maxilla and mandible. In addition, if the functional appliance was used during the period of pubertal growth peak, there was a significant increase in mandibular length, improvement in the relationship of maxilla and mandible, labial inclination of lower incisors and decrease in overjet compared to the treatment before pubertal growth peak. Therefore, this study indicates that using functional appliances for patients with class II malocclusion is effective and the optimal timing for using functional appliances is during pubertal growth peak.

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Targeting Patient at High Risk of Thrombocytopenia and Neutropenia with Cybord, Vel-Dex and VMP: Time to Decrease the Number of Blood Tests ?

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v124.21.1295.1295 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 124 (21) ◽

pp. 1295-1295

Author(s):

Jean-Philippe Adam ◽

Emilie Lemieux-Blanchard ◽

Bernard Lemieux ◽

Nathalie Letarte

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

P Value ◽

Hematologic Toxicity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Starting Dose ◽

Before And After ◽

Stems Cells ◽

Male Patients ◽

Clinically Significant

Abstract Introduction Subcutaneous (SC) injection of bortezomib is more convenient for patients and staff. In September 2012, we standardised all bortezomib containing-protocols at our centre and changed the route of administration form intravenous to SC. Hematologic toxicity is commonly reported with these protocols. Currently, in our protocols, a complete blood count (CBC) is needed before every injection. Objectives This retrospective study aimed to analyse the rate of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia with Vel-Dex, VMP and CyBorD based on a threshold at day 1 to see if a CBC is needed before every injection in all patients. Blood pressure (BP) was measured before and after each SC injection to evaluate the risk of hypotension. Methods This retrospective study included all patients who received SC bortezomib in Vel-Dex, VMP and CyBorD protocols for multiple myeloma or amyloidosis at the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM) between June 1, 2012 and May 31, 2013. Data was collected through medical and pharmaceutical patient records. Our local ethics board approved this study. Our main outcome is defined as the presence of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia for CyBorD (days 1, 8, 15 and 22 q 28 days), Vel-Dex (days 1, 4, 8 and 11 q 21 days) and VMP (days 1, 8, 22 and 29 q 42 days or days 1, 8, 15, 22 q 35 days) dichotomized at a threshold of ≥ 1.5 x 109 and ≥ 75 x 109respectively. A McNemar Test was used to estimate the association between the neutropenia and thrombocytopenia based on the dichotomized value on day 1. Results A total of 69 patients received bortezomib for MM (65 patients) or amyloidosis (4 patients). Median age was 67 years (SD ± 9.1) and 58 % of patients were male. Patients received Vel-Dex (23.2%), VMP (36.2%) and CyBorD (40.6%) protocols in 1st line eligible to stems cells transplant (26.2%), 1st line non-eligible (40.0%) or ≥ 2nd line (33.8%) for a total of 349 cycles. The median starting dose of bortezomib was 1.3 mg/m2 (SD ± 0.14). As shown in tables I and II, there is a statistical evidence of association when neutrophils ≥ 1.5 x 109 and platelets ≥ 75 x 109 at day 1 with the minimum of neutrophils and platelets on the CBC for the rest of the cycle of CyBorD and VMP. For Vel-Dex no significant association was seen because the incidence of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia is very low and doesn’t depend on a threshold at day 1. A patient, who has values above this threshold at day 1, could receive the rest of the cycle (Vel-Dex, CyBorD or VMP) without additional CBCs. When patients had blood counts below this threshold, chemotherapy was delayed 18 times (generally at day 1) or cancelled 39 times (other days). Patient previously exposed to many lines of therapy tend to have lower neutrophils or platelets counts. Also, a total of 1224 BP values before after SC bortezomib were analysed. No significant difference was detected between the average systolic (122 vs 122; p=0.43) and diastolic BP (70 vs 71; p=0.33) before and after treatment. Hypotension, defined as a drop of 20 mmHg of systolic BP, occurred 37 times (3.0%) but systolic BP was never below 90 mmHg and treatment was not necessary. A small increase of heart rate (82 vs 84; p<0.001) was seen although it was not clinically significant. Table I: Rate of neutropenia during the cycle according to day-1 neutrophil counts Protocols CyBorD VMP Vel-Dex Neutrophils at day 1 of each cycle n ≥ 1.5 n < 1.5 p value n ≥ 1.5 n < 1.5 p value n ≥ 1.5 n < 1.5 p value Neutrophils ≥ 1.5 for the rest of the cycle 81.8 % 20 % p<0.001 77.8 % 0 % p<0.001 95.5 % 100 % NS Neutrophils < 1.5 for the rest of the cycle 18.1 % 80 % 22.2 % 100 % 4.5 % 0 % TOTAL of cycle 121 25 - - - 117 7 - - - 67 2 - - - Table II: Rate of thrombocytopenia during the cycle according to day-1 platelet counts Protocols CyBorD VMP Vel-Dex Platelets at day 1 of each cycle Plt ≥ 75 Plt < 75 p value Plt ≥ 75 Plt < 75 p value Plt ≥ 75 Plt < 75 p value Platelets ≥ 75 for the rest of the cycle 97.7 % 15.4 % p<0.001 83 % 33.3 % p<0.001 98.5 % 0 % NS Platelets < 75 for the rest of the cycle 2.3 % 84.6 % 17 % 66.7 % 1.5 % 100 % TOTAL of cycle 133 13 - - - 141 3 - - - 68 1 - - - Conclusion Our results demonstrate that the rate of thrombocytopenia and neutropenia was very low in patients who have neutrophils and platelets ≥ 1.5 x 109 and ≥ 75 x 109 at day 1 of each cycle of Vel-Dex, VMP and CyBorD. In these patients, no CBC seems necessary for the rest of cycle. Decreasing the number of CBC will use less resources, decrease costs and most importantly, improve the patient’s care by minimising interventions without increasing risk of adverse events. Disclosures Adam: Janssen: Honoraria. Lemieux-Blanchard:Celgene: Honoraria. Lemieux:Janssen: Honoraria.

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Soft-tissue changes after Class II malocclusion treatment using the Sander bite-jumping appliance: a retrospective study

Minerva Stomatologica ◽

10.23736/s0026-4970.19.04197-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michele Tepedino ◽

Maria V. Della Noce ◽

Domenico Ciavarella ◽

Patrizia Gallenzi ◽

Massimo Cordaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Soft Tissue ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Tissue Changes ◽

Soft Tissue Changes

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Subtle changes of the crystalline lens after cycloplegia: a retrospective study

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-021-01884-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cheng Dai ◽

Meng Liu ◽

Xiaodong Lv ◽

Binzhong Li

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Population Change ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Crystalline Lens ◽

Equivalent Diameter ◽

Crystalline Morphology ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shape of the crystalline lens in terms of biometry and diopters before and after cycloplegia using the CASIA2 swept-source (SS) optical coherence tomography (OCT) system on the anterior segment. Methods This was a retrospective study. Children and adolescents (26 males and 29 females, aged 4–21 years) with simple ametropia were selected for optometry and CASIA2 imaging at 2 separate visits before and after cycloplegia. Diopter values were derived from the spherical power (S) obtained by optometry. Biometric parameters of the crystalline lens, including the anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior and posterior curvature of the lens (ACL and PCL), lens thickness (LTH), lens decentration (LD), lens tilt (LT), and equivalent diameter of the lens (LED), were measured by the CASIA2 system. The differences in these parameters after compared with before cycloplegia were determined, and their relationships were analyzed. Results Fifty-five participants (106 eyes) were initially enrolled. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the S (t=-7.026, P < 0.001), ACD (t=-8.796, P < 0.001), ACL (t=-13.263, P < 0.001) and LTH (t = 7.363, P < 0.001) after compared with before cycloplegia. The change in the PCL (t = 1.557, P = 0.122), LD (t = 0.876, P = 0.383), LT (t = 0.440, P = 0.661) and LED (t=-0.351, P = 0.726) was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was a significant (P < 0.05) correlation of the change in the S with that in the ACL (r = 0.466, P < 0.001), LTH (r=-0.592, P < 0.001), and LED (r = 0.223, P = 0.021) but not the PCL (r = 0.19, P = 0.051), LD (r=-0.048, P = 0.0628) or LT (r=-0.022, P = 0.822). Furthermore, the change in the ACD was closely related to the change in crystalline morphology. However, in children and adolescents, we found that the change in crystalline morphology was unrelated to age. Conclusions Changes in lens morphology after compared with before cycloplegia are mainly related to the ACL and LTH, but there is no difference in the PCL, LD, LT, or LED. In the adolescent population, change in the S is related to change in the ACL, LED and LTH. However, age is unrelated to the shape and tendency of the crystalline lens. Further research is required to determine whether the same conclusion applies to different age groups and different refractive states (myopia, hyperopia, emmetropia) .

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Changes of Periodontal Tissues Because of Orthodontic Treatment: A Retrospective Study

Journal of Advanced Oral Research ◽

10.1177/23202068211003416 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 232020682110034

Author(s):

Hamad Alzoman ◽

Khalid Alamoud ◽

Waad K. Alomran ◽

Abdullazez Almudhi ◽

Naif A. Bindayel

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Gingival Recession ◽

Confounding Factors ◽

Crown Height ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Before And After

Aim: To evaluate the periodontal status before and after orthodontic treatment and to analyze the confounding factors associated with it. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study analyzed pre- and posttreatment records of a total of 60 patients. Intraoral digital photographs before and after the orthodontic treatment were used to measure the following three periodontal variables: (a) width of the keratinized gingiva, (b) gingival recession, and (c) the status of interdental papilla. The ImageJ 46 software imaging program was used to perform the required measurements. The clinical data were then analyzed in an association with the participants’ demographic data, the type of orthodontic tooth movement, and other confounding factors. The data obtained were manually entered into the statistical package and analyzed using a significance level set at P < .05. Descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used to identify differences among the studied variables. Results: Among the 60 patients, the majority (66.7%) were females. Most cases of the treated malocclusion were Class II, and most patients underwent intrusion and retrusion movements. The width of keratinized gingiva increased for most sites of upper teeth. In contrast, the lower teeth showed a mix of improvement and compromised width of keratinized gingiva. As a measure of gingival recession, the difference of clinical crown height revealed the tendency toward a reduced clinical crown height for most sites. Upper left lateral incisors and canines showed significant values with regard to keratinized gingival width measurements and tooth movements such as extrusion and intrusion movements. Likewise, with regard to the clinical crown height, upper right central incisors showed significant differences when correlated with the interincisal angle, lower incisors to the mandibular plane, and upper incisors to the NA line. The upper lateral incisors also showed significant correlations to certain cephalometric measurements. Conclusions: The orthodontic treatment was found to exert a significantly positive impact on the surrounding periodontium, particularly in the upper canine areas. Likewise, various types of tooth movement were found to positively affect the periodontium.

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