Cariogenic Potential of Pediatric Liquid Medicaments- An in vitro Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Subramaniam ◽  
N Nandan
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Pediatric liquid medicaments (PLM) are popular and are easily accepted by both parents and children. They are widely prescribed and easily available. However the sugar content and properties of these preparations determines their cariogenic potential. Aims and Objectives: This study assessed the pH and viscosity of pediatric liquid medicaments, type and concentration of sugars present in them and their effect on the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Methodology: PLM included two each of the most commonly prescribed analgesics, antibiotics, nutritional supplements, antitussive and antiepileptic preparations. The endogenous pH was measured using a digital pH meter and the viscosity was measured using a digital Brookefield viscometer. Analysis of sugars (sucrose, glucose and sorbitol) was performed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The effect of PLM on Streptococcus mutans was done by ditch plate method. Results: The pH of PLM ranged from 3.70 to 7.04 and viscosity varied from 307.33cP to 2408.33cP. Fifty percent of the PLM contained sucrose, glucose and sorbitol, and sucrose was present in nine of the PLM. The antibiotic preparations showed zones of inhibition against growth of streptococcus mutans. Conclusions: The physical properties of Pediatric Liquid Medicaments as well as the type and concentration of sugars present in them can be indicative of their cariogenic potential.

In vitro evaluation of the effect of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine on oral microorganisms

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Cogo ◽  
Michelle Franz Montan ◽  
Cristiane de Cássia Bergamaschi ◽  
Eduardo D. Andrade ◽  
Pedro Luiz Rosalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine on the viability of some oral bacterial species. It also evaluated the ability of these bacteria to metabolize those substances. Single-species biofilms of Streptococcus gordonii , Porphyromonas gingivalis , or Fusobacterium nucleatum and dual-species biofilms of S. gordonii – F. nucleatum and F. nucleatum – P. gingivalis were grown on hydroxyapatite discs. Seven species were studied as planktonic cells, including Streptococcus oralis , Streptococcus mitis , Propionibacterium acnes , Actinomyces naeslundii , and the species mentioned above. The viability of planktonic cells and biofilms was analyzed by susceptibility tests and time-kill assays, respectively, against different concentrations of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed to quantify nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine concentrations in the culture media after the assays. Susceptibility tests and viability assays showed that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine cannot reduce or stimulate bacterial growth. High-performance liquid chromatography results showed that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine concentrations were not altered after bacteria exposure. These findings indicate that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine, in the concentrations used, cannot affect significantly the growth of these oral bacterial strains. Moreover, these species do not seem to metabolize these substances.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Inhibitory Effects of Punica Granatum Gel on Cariogenic Bacteria: An in vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazielle Millo ◽  
Apa Juntavee ◽  
Ariya Ratanathongkam ◽  
Natsajee Nualkaew ◽  
Peerapattana, Jomjai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Time Kill

ABSTRACT Aim This study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial effects of the formulated Punica granatum (PG) gel against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Lactobacillus casei. Materials and methods The PG extract was dissolved in water at 500 mg/mL. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for identification and quantification of chemical marker punicalagin. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time-kill assay (TKA) were investigated. Antibacterial activities of the formulated PG gel, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel and blank gel were tested by measuring the zones of inhibition through agar well diffusion method. Results The HPLC results showed presence of punicalagin at 2023.58 ± 25.29 μg/mL in the aqueous PG extract and at 0.234% (w/w) in the formulated PG gel. The MBC for S. mutans, S. Sanguinis, and L. casei were 250, 125, and 500 mg/mL respectively. The TKA of 500 mg/mL aqueous PG extract showed total inhibition of S. mutans, S. Sanguinis, and L. casei at 6, 1, and 24 hours contact time respectively. Agar well diffusion revealed that for S. mutans, CHX gel > PG gel > blank gel; for S. sanguinis, CHX gel = PG gel > blank gel; for L. casei, CHX gel > PG gel = blank gel. Comparison of the PG gel potency showed that S. sanguinis = S. mutans > L. casei. Conclusion The PG gel equivalent to 0.234% punicalagin (w/w) inhibited S. mutans and S. sanguinis but not L. casei within 24 hours incubation period and has the potential to be used for caries prevention. How to cite this article Millo G, Juntavee A, Ratanathongkam A, Nualkaew N, Peerapattana J, Chatchiwiwattana S. Antibacterial Inhibitory Effects of Punica Granatum Gel on Cariogenic Bacteria: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):152-157.

scholarly journals Effect of Commonly Prescribed Liquid Medications on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm. An in vitro study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha A Clark ◽  
LaQuia A Vinson ◽  
George Eckert ◽  
Richard L Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Microtiter Plates ◽  
Oral Liquid ◽  
High Concentrations

Objective: This study addressed the effect of pediatric liquid antibiotic medications on Streptococcus mutans UA159. These suspensions commonly contain sugars such as sucrose to make them more palatable for children. The study was designed to evaluate the effects of oral liquid antibiotics on Streptococcus mutans growth and biofilm formation. Study Design: A 24 hour culture of S. mutans was treated with various concentrations of liquid medications commonly prescribed to children for odontogenic or fungal infections– amoxicillin, penicillin VK, clindamycin, and nystatin. The study was conducted in sterile 96-well flat bottom microtiter plates. The minimum inhibitory and biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MIC/MBIC) of S. mutans were determined for each medication. S. mutans was cultured with and without the test drugs, the amount of total growth measured, the biofilms washed, fixed, and stained with crystal violet. The absorbance was determined to evaluate biofilm formation. Results: Higher concentrations of amoxicillin, penicillin VK and clindamycin had decreased biofilm and overall growth than the control. The MICs were 1:2,560 (1.95 ug/ml), 1:2,560 (1.95 ug/ml) and 1:40 (9.375 ug/ml), while the MBIC were 1:640 (7.8 ug/ml), 1:1,280 (3.9 ug/ml) and 1:20 (18.75 ug/ml), respectively. Lower concentrations provided increased biofilm and overall growth. Nystatin induced significantly more biofilm and overall growth than the control at all concentrations. Conclusion: At high concentrations, approximately at the levels expected to be present in the oral cavity of children, amoxicillin, penicillin, and clindamycin inhibited S. mutans biofilm and overall growth due to their antibiotic activity, while at lower concentrations the three antibiotics demonstrated an increase in biofilm and growth. The increase in S. mutans biofilm and overall growth is most likely attributed to the sugar content in the medications. Nystatin provided an increase in biofilm and growth at each concentration tested.

scholarly journals Monomer Elution from Three Resin Composites at Two Different Time Interval Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography—An In-Vitro Study

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4395
Author(s):  
Krishnamachari Janani ◽  
Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja ◽  
Raghu Sandhya ◽  
Mohammad Khursheed Alam ◽  
Ruba K. Al-Qaisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Triethylene Glycol ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Resin Composites

Esthetics, improved colour stability and ease of contour have made photo-activated resin based restorative materials being widely used in routine dental clinical practice. Perhaps improper and inadequate polymerization of resin based composite material might lead to elution of monomer. Thus, the aim of the current study was to quantify the monomer elution from three resin composites. The intended analysis was made using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at two different time periods. Three different materials that were investigated in the current study included Swiss Tech resin composite (Group A), Ceram X (Group B) and Beautifil Injectable composite (Group C). Ten cylindrical samples were fabricated in each study group. In 75% wt of ethanol, the samples were ingressed immediately and stored at room temperature. A 0.5 mL of the samples was assessed at pre-defined time intervals at 24 h and 7th day. Later, assessment of the samples was performed with HPLC and the data was analyzed using statistical test. Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA), Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and Urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) were quantified in the samples. When analyzing the release monomer, it was found that at the end of 24 h Bis-GMA was eluted more in the injectable resin composite whereas, TEGDMA was eluted from Swiss Tech and Ceram X resin composites. At the end of the 7th day it was evident that Bis-GMA was eluted maximum in all the three resin composites. Thus, monomer release was found to be evident among all three resin composites and it is of utmost important to be assessed in routine clinical practice.

scholarly journals Phytochemical variability during vegetation of Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub genotypes derived from in vitro cultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola Dreger ◽  
Katarzyna Seidler-Łożykowska ◽  
Milena Szalata ◽  
Artur Adamczak ◽  
Karolina Wielgus
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Chamerion Angustifolium ◽  
Oenothein B

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to evaluate Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub genotypes for preliminary selection and further breeding programs aimed at obtaining a suitable industrial form for the pharmaceutical applications. Clonally propagated plants representing 10 genotypes of Ch. angustifolium were regenerated under in vitro conditions, hardened and planted in the field. Studies included an evaluation of shoot proliferation, phytochemical assessment of in vitro and ex vitro plants as well as investigations of intraspecies variability regarding four phenological stages: vegetative, beginning of blooming, full blooming, and green fruit phases. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of bioactive compounds were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and tandem mass spectrometer (HPLC–DAD–MS/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. The efficiency of shoot multiplication varied between genotypes from 8.12 to 21.48 shoots per explant. A high reproduction rate (> 20 shoots per explant) was recorded for four lines (PL_45, PL_44, PL_58, DE_2). Plants grown in vitro synthesized oenothein B (11.2–22.3 mg g−1 DW) and caffeic acid derivatives. Plants harvested from field contained the full spectrum of polyphenols characteristic for this species, and oenothein B and quercetin 3-O-glucuronide were the most abundant. The maximal content of oenothein B was determined in the vegetative phase of fireweed, while some flavonoids were found in the highest amount in full blooming phase. The results of analysis of variance indicated significant differences among genotypes in oenothein B, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid and flavonoids accumulation in four phenological phases. PL_44 plants were characterized by high content of oenothein B and quercetin 3-O-glucuronide as well as a relatively high level of other flavonoids. Based on our phytochemical and micropropagation studies, PL_44 genotype was the best candidate for early selection and further breeding programs.

Exploring the anti-caries properties of baicalin against Streptococcus mutans: an in vitro study

Biofouling ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Arval Viji Elango ◽  
Sahana Vasudevan ◽  
Karthi Shanmugam ◽  
Adline Princy Solomon ◽  
Prasanna Neelakantan
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study
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