scholarly journals An Object of Vindication: Problems of Law Enforcement

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-93
Author(s):  
A. A. Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
Authorized Capital

The paper is devoted to examining objects of civil rights in order to establish whether it is possible to subject them to vindication. The paper analyzes such objects as things, “incorporeal things”, non-cash funds, uncertified securities, intellectual property, shares in the authorized capital of limited liability companies, digital rights, cryptocurrency, etc. The author determines the legal nature of the objects under consideration with due regard to the theory of law and legal stances of courts. As a consequence, the author substantiates the relativity of the possibility or impossibility of their vindication under Art. 301 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Also, the author examines the issues of existence of special mechanisms for protection of rights holders of uncertified securities and shares in the authorized capital of limited liability companies to find the interrelation between them and vindication. The paper provides the analysis of judicial practice on the issue of claiming civil law objects from someone else’s illegal possession. Conclusions are drawn as to which objects can be subject to vindication under Art. 301 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, which objects can be claimed by analogy of the law and which objects cannot be subjected to vindication.

Compensation for Infringement of Copyright and Related Rights: Essence and Primary Functions

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
N. V. Buzova ◽  
◽  
R. L. Lukyanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Legal Remedy ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Judicial Protection ◽  
Exclusive Right

The Civil Code of the Russian Federation provides an opportunity to the rightholder in case of infringement of his exclusive copyright and related rights to demand in court instead of compensation for damages incurred by him to pay compensation. In most cases, when the rightholder applies for judicial protection of his violated rights, he requires the recovery of compensation. This article discusses the legal nature of compensation as a legal remedy of an exclusive right and its primary functions. When writing an article, a comparative law research method is used. As a result of the analysis of russian and foreign legislation, as well as judicial practice, it was found that compensation, in addition to restorative, also has a preventive function and can be considered an analogue of statutory damages.

scholarly journals CONTRACTUAL BASIS FOR TERMINATION OF CIVIL LEGAL OBLIGATIONS: PROBLEMS OF THEORY AND PRACTICE OF APPLICATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1054-1058
Author(s):  
N.V. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Freedom Of Contract ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Problematic Issue ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article considers contractual grounds for termination of civil obligations: compensation, innovation, debt forgiveness. The paper notes some problems of the application of Articles 409, 414, 415 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation in judicial practice, analyzes the issues of the ratio of compensation and innovation, the differentiation of these contracts. The problems of qualification of agreements on the grounds for termination of obligations in law enforcement practice and the question of applying the principle of freedom of contract to the relations under consideration are considered. It is noted that at present the practice of applying the legislation on compensation has changed significantly. Despite the restrictions established by the norm of Article 409 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, judicial practice allows the possibility of using works and services as a subject of compensation, which leads to problems of distinguishing such contractual grounds for termination of obligations as compensation and innovation. With regard to the innovation, an analysis of the provisions on the possibility of novating the penalty into a loan obligation is given. A problematic issue is the legal qualification of debt forgiveness as a basis for termination of an obligation. It is noted that the contractual nature of debt forgiveness should be taken into account. Acceptance of notification by the debtor's creditor of his release from the performance of his duty is the silence of the debtor (clause 2 of Article 438 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). The article also considers the question of the ratio of debt forgiveness and donation. The analysis of judicial practice shows that the courts do not consider debt forgiveness as a gift, except in cases when the creditor released the debtor from the performance of the obligation free of charge. In this case, the norms of Article 168 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and paragraph 4 of Article 575 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation are subject to the application of debt forgiveness.

scholarly journals Electronic Money: the Problem of Determining the Place in the System of Objects of Civil Rights

Legal Concept ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vavilova
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Electronic Money ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Russian Federation

Introduction: with the development of the digital economy, the sphere of non-cash payments reaches its peak value. This legal institution is particularly important in connection with the goal set in Russia’s strategic documents to improve the quality of non-cash payments and bring them to a new, technologically advanced level. The good legal regulation of certain legal issues in this regard is one of the most urgent tasks of the modern state. In this regard, the author aims to study an important element of the system of non-cash payments –electronic money – and determine its place in the civil rights system. Methods: the methodological framework for this research is a set of methods of scientific knowledge, among which the main ones are the comparative legal method, as well as the methods of systematicity and analysis. Results: the author’s well-founded position is based on the analysis of the legislation and opinions of the scientists expressed in the competent scientific community on the issue of recognizing electronic money as an object of civil rights and, accordingly, assigning it to a certain category of objects named in Article 128 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Conclusions: the study proved that the lack of full understanding of the legal nature of electronic money was connected with the unresolved issue of its belonging to the objects of civil rights, in whose connection it substantiated the belonging of electronic money to the rights of obligation to claim to be included in Article 128 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation as an object of civil rights.

scholarly journals Types of easements and peculiarities of their implementation in the Russian and Vietnamese Law

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Thi Hoan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Real Right ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation

The relevance of this article is substantiated by the absence of unified approach toward comprehension of the legal nature of public easement. Insufficient regulation of easement relations in civil legislation of the Russian Federation (easement is mentioned in just four articles of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) entails the problems in law enforcement practice. One of such problems is the absence of universal classification of easements that would ensure unity of the mechanism for regulating easement relations, which affords grounds for amending the current Russian legislation. The attempt to systematize easements suggested by the real right reform is polemical and yet to be approved. The subject of this research on the basis of comparative legal analysis is the provisions of the types of easements and peculiarities of the implementation in the Russian and Vietnamese law. The novelty lies in carrying out a comprehensive comparative legal analysis of the types of easements in the Russian and Vietnamese law. The conclusion is made on the gap in the mechanism of regulation of easement relations in the Russian legislation. The need is substantiated for the systemic construction of easement norms in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The author makes recommendations for the improvement of the provisions on easement in the reform, and outlines the vector of development of this institution in the current legislation of Vietnam. The theoretical and practical value of this work gives an in-depth perspective on the civil law of the Russian Federation and Vietnam.

Analogy as ways to overcome gaps in penal legislation of a sentence of deprivation of liberty

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
Александр Александрович Храмов
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
Principle Of Legality

Актуальность статьи обусловлена отсутствием в теории уголовно-исполнительного права и практике его применения научно обоснованной методики установления реальных пробелов в уголовно-исполнительном законодательстве, единых границ и условий применения аналогии закона и права для преодоления существующих в нем пробелов, в частности, при исполнении наказания в виде лишения свободы. В статье отмечаются теоретические и практические аспекты преодоления по аналогии не только некоторых реально существующих пробелов уголовно-исполнительного законодательства исправительными учреждениями, но и других недостатков правового регулирования. С учетом признанных общей теорией права и наукой уголовно-исполнительного права положений по преодолению пробелов в законе и праве, а также требований российского законодательства (ч. 3 ст. 55 Конституции РФ) делается вывод, что в правоприменительной практике имеются случаи применения уголовно-исполнительного законодательства по аналогии (как правило, аналогии «закона»), которое приводит к ущемлению прав и свобод человека и гражданина и нарушению принципа законности (ст. 8 УИК РФ). В связи с этим автором предлагается установить четкие границы и пределы использования аналогии закона и права для преодоления существующих (и возможно, будущих) пробелов уголовно-исполнительного законодательства при исполнении наказаний, в том числе в виде лишения свободы. The relevance of the article is due to the absence in the theory of criminal enforcement law and the practice of its application of a scientifically sound methodology for establishing real gaps in criminal enforcement legislation, common boundaries and conditions for the application of the analogy of law and law to overcome existing gaps in it, in particular in the execution of sentences of deprivation of liberty. The article notes the theoretical and practical aspects of overcoming by analogy not only some real gaps in penal enforcement legislation by correctional institutions, but also other shortcomings of legal regulation. Taking into account the provisions recognized by the general theory of law and the science of criminal enforcement law to overcome gaps in law and law, as well as the requirements of Russian legislation (Art. 55, part 3, of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) concludes that there are cases of application of penal enforcement legislation by analogy in law enforcement practice (As a rule, analogy of law"), which leads to infringement of human and civil rights and freedoms and violation of the principle of legality (article 8 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation). In this regard, the author proposes to establish clear limits and limits on the use of the analogy of law and law to overcome existing (and possibly future) gaps in criminal enforcement legislation in the execution of sentences, including imprisonment.

scholarly journals CORRELATION OF LEGAL STRUCTURES OF A PRELIMINARY CONTRACT AND AN OPTION TO CONCLUDE A CONTRACT: ANALYSIS OF THEORY AND SYSTEM OF LEGAL PRACTICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (73) (1) ◽  
pp. 270-280
Author(s):  
N.A. Ablyatipova ◽  
A.V. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Legal Structures ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Contractual Structures

In this article, based on the analysis of the current civil legislation, judicial practice and scientific literature, the problem of the correlation of a preliminary agreement with an option to conclude an agreement is considered. Their legal nature is analyzed, criteria for similarities and differences between the specified contractual structures are determined. The paper provides examples of cases of incorrect differentiation of a preliminary contract and an option to conclude a contract in practice, and also describes the features of their qualification as mixed contracts. The authors conclude that the design of a preliminary contract is different from an option to conclude a contract, despite some similarities. The necessity of legal delimitation of the specified contractual forms, as well as the inclusion of some mixed structures in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, which will allow to avoid their misuse by the law enforcement officer, is noted.

scholarly journals REVIEW OF LEGAL POSITIONS OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR 2015-2020 ON THE APPLICATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE CIVIL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON THE INVALIDITY OF TRANSACTIONS AND ON THE PROHIBITION OF ABUSE OF RIGHTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Ольга Георгиевна Барткова
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

В статье исследуется содержание положений основных Постановлений Пленума Верховного Суда РФ, а также обзоров судебной практики, утверждённых Президиумом Верховного Суда РФ, которые относятся к порядку применения ст. 168 во взаимосвязи со ст. 10 ГК РФ. Обосновывается вывод о том, что злоупотребление правом отнесено законом к числу самостоятельных оснований для признания сделки недействительной. Приведены и проанализированы примеры споров, иллюстрирующие взаимосвязь норм о недействительных (ничтожных) сделках с институтом «пределы осуществления гражданских прав», с основными началами гражданского законодательства. The article examines the content of the provisions of the main Resolutions of the Plenums of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, as well as reviews of judicial practice, approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, which relate to the procedure for applying Art. 168, Art. 170 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation in conjunction with Art. 10 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The conclusion is substantiated that abuse of the right is attributed by law to the number of independent grounds for recognizing the transaction as invalid. The examples of disputes are presented and analyzed, illustrating the relationship of the norms on invalid (void) transactions with the institution of «limits of the exercise of civil rights», with the basic principles of civil legislation.

Procedural problems of alienation of shares and shares of business entities

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Aleksey A. Maksurov
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Right ◽  
Corporate Legislation ◽  
Authorized Capital ◽  
A Share

The article deals with the practice of observing the pre-emptive rights of shareholders of non-public joint-stock companies and business company participants when alienating shares (stocks) of business companies, including third parties. We are talking about protecting the interests of participants (shareholders) and the company as well as persons alienating the shares. The material is of interest in the formation of a civilized and effective corporate culture. The law provides not only for the right to alienate shares in business companies and non-public joint-stock companies, but also for the forms (methods) of exercising such a right (power). These forms (methods) have an approximate list. Based on the concept of civil law dispositivity, the rightholder can use any method of shares (stocks) alienation that is not prohibited by law. The Civil Code of the Russian Federation1 mentions the ways of transferring shares only in relation to a limited liability company (Article 93). The norms of this Code do not contain any specifics in this regard, thus leaving the issue to special (corporate) legislation. However, corporate legislation does not fully regulate the entire mechanism for transferring a share in the authorized capital or shares to another person. The most common method of share alienation is a share purchase and sale agreement; other methods that are not prohibited by law are considered auxiliary methods. The paper deals with procedural issues involved in using methods of shares alienation in practice. 1 The Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part one) from 30.11.1994 № 51-FZ (as amended on 16.12.2019, Rev. from 12.05.2020) / / Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. 1994. No. 32. St. 3301.

Institute for assurances and its implementation in the penal system in the framework of the Federal Law of 05.04.2013 No. 44-FZ “On contract system in procurement of goods, works, services for state and municipal needs”

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
Екатерина Станиславовна Брылякова ◽  
Тамара Викторовна Шепель
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Russian Federation

Статья посвящена анализу нового института гражданского права «заверения об обстоятельствах», нашедшего легальное отражение в гражданском законодательстве РФ только после принятия Федерального закона РФ от 08.03.2015 № 42-ФЗ «О внесении изменений в часть первую Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации». При этом с появлением данного института возникла полемика относительно его правовой природы и отнесения к институту преддоговорной ответственности как его разновидности или как одной из гарантий обязательственных правоотношений. Актуальность темы обусловлена еще и анализом возможности реализации института заверений об обстоятельствах в контексте Федерального закона от 05.04.2013 № 44 «О контрактной системе в сфере закупок товаров, работ, услуг для обеспечения государственных и муниципальных нужд» в части защиты интересов заказчиков и одного из элементов антикоррупционной составляющей. Ряд правоприменителей категорически не допускают возможности реализации исследуемого института в контрактной системе. Кроме того, в правоприменительной сфере возникает дискуссионный вопрос относительно интерпретации заверений об обстоятельствах и их применении в обязательственных правоотношениях. В статье предпринята попытка определить правовую природу института заверений об обстоятельствах и ответственности за недостоверные заверения, а также обосновать возможность его реализации в контрактной системе в сфере закупок товаров, работ и услуг для обеспечения государственных и муниципальных нужд, в том числе для нужд уголовно-исполнительной системы. This article is devoted to the analysis of a new institution of civil law “assurances of circumstances”, which was legally reflected in the civil legislation of the Russian Federation only after the adoption of the Federal law of the Russian Federation from 08.03.2015 № 42-FZ “On amendments to part one of the Civil code of the Russian Federation”. At the same time, with the appearance of this institution, there has been a lot of controversy regarding its legal nature and the attribution to the institution of pre-contractual liability as its variety or as one of the guarantees of legal obligations. The relevance of the topic due to the analysis of the feasibility of the Institute for assurances in the context of the Federal law of 05.04.2013 № 44 “On contract system in procurement of goods, works, services for state and municipal needs” in terms of protecting the interests of customers and one of the elements of the anti-corruption component. A number of law enforcement agencies categorically do not allow the possibility of implementing the research Institute in the contract system. In addition, in the law enforcement sphere, there is a debatable issue regarding the interpretation of assurances about circumstances and their application in legal relations of obligations. The article attempts to understand the concept and legal nature of the institution of assurances about circumstances and to justify the possibility of its implementation in the contract system in the field of procurement of goods, works and services for state and municipal needs, including for the needs of the penal system.

The Mechanism Of Implementation Of The Constitution Of The Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-51
Author(s):  
Anatolii Yugov ◽  
Sergey Belykh
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Legal Document ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Scientific Ideas ◽  
Rational Mechanism

The Constitution, as the main universal and comprehensive legal document, establishes fundamental principles and defines the legal basis for development of public and state life in all politically significant spheres, serves as a guarantor of legitimacy and order, gives a boost to the development of society. The special political and legal nature of the constitution, the issues of its operation and the mechanism of its implementation are of great importance. In accordance to the authors’ approach, the mechanism of implementation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation includes the following components: 1) entry of the constitution into legal force; 2) its functions; 3) constitutional algorithm of unity and differentiation of public authority; 4) forms of implementation; 5) ways of implementation; 6) subjects of implementation; 7) objects of implementation; 8) institutions for modernization; 9) guarantees of implementation. The authors conclude that the modern scientific ideas of a rational mechanism of implementation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation contribute to solving the issues of economic and cultural development of the Russian society, help creating favorable conditions for proper law enforcement, strengthening legitimacy and order.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document