Transnational Conservation Movement Organizations: Shaping The Protected Area Systems of Less Developed Countries

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Political Opportunity ◽  
Conservation Movement ◽  
Human Rights Movement ◽  
Transnational Mobilization ◽  
Conservation Organizations ◽  
Movement Organizations ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
The Relationship

This article compares transnational conservation organizations' efforts in Ecuador, Chile, and Peru in order to answer several questions: Why do transnational social movement organizations (TSMOs) engage in the politics of some nations but not others? Do TSMOs shape the policy decisions of less developed nations? What is the relationship between national political opportunity structure and transnational mobilization? Based upon historical data and fieldwork data, I argue that transnational conservationists can most easily affect the policies of politically "open" nations that have active domestic conservation movement organizations. In addition to influencing public policies, transnational conservationists are key actors in the development of private systems of biodiversity protection. Operating according to "lifeboat ethics," TSMOs select nations based on political criteria, while those nations most in need of conservation assistance (biodiversity hotspots) are neglected. This strategy contrasts sharply with strategies used by the transnational human rights movement.

scholarly journals The Organizational Trace of an Insurgent Moment

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 237802311770065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam D. Reich
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
York City ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Occupy Wall Street ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Formal Organizations ◽  
Movement Organizations ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between social movements and formal organizations has long been a concern to scholars of collective action. Many have argued that social movement organizations (SMOs) provide resources that facilitate movement emergence, while others have highlighted the ways in which SMOs institutionalize or coopt movement goals. Through an examination of the relationship between Occupy Wall Street and the field of SMOs in New York City, this article illustrates a third possibility: that a moment of insurgency becomes a more enduring movement in part through the changes it induces in the relations among the SMOs in its orbit.

Global Trends in Domestic savings and Longevity- Implications for India

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Thilak Venkatesan ◽  
Venkataraman R
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Demographic Dividend ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
The Relationship

Demographic dividend and the lowest median age among the earning population propels consumption and growth in India. Among the emerging economies, China had the leverage for growth through exports until 2008. India benefited by demographic dividend and this translates to providing income and thereby increases savings. On the other hand, the developed countries are experiencing problems of an aging economy, a deflationary scenario, and a pension burden. India, with its major workforce in the unorganized and private sector, needs to recognize the need for forward-looking policies that stimulate savings for a better lifestyle post-retirement. The study was focussed on the relationship between longevity (life expectancy), and domestic savings. The research observed divergence between the developed nations and India. A more futuristic policy action is suggested to motivate savings as the increase in population and higher levels of economic growth can be achieved with more domestic savings.

Global Trends in Domestic savings and Longevity- Implications for India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Thilak Venkatesan ◽  
Venkataraman R
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Demographic Dividend ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
The Relationship

Demographic dividend and the lowest median age among the earning population propels consumption and growth in India. Among the emerging economies, China had the leverage for growth through exports until 2008. India benefited by demographic dividend and this translates to providing income and thereby increases savings. On the other hand, the developed countries are experiencing problems of an aging economy, a deflationary scenario, and a pension burden. India, with its major workforce in the unorganized and private sector, needs to recognize the need for forward-looking policies that stimulate savings for a better lifestyle post-retirement. The study was focussed on the relationship between longevity (life expectancy), and domestic savings. The research observed divergence between the developed nations and India. A more futuristic policy action is suggested to motivate savings as the increase in population and higher levels of economic growth can be achieved with more domestic savings.

Protest, Social Movements, and Spaces for Politically Oriented Consumerist Actions—Nationally, Transnationally, and Locally

2018 ◽  
pp. 68-88
Author(s):  
Francesca Forno
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Predatory Lending ◽  
Grassroots Organizations ◽  
Political Consumerism ◽  
Consumer Organizations ◽  
Ethical Criteria ◽  
Movement Organizations ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter discusses the relationship between social movements and political consumerism. Besides traditional consumer organizations that seek to protect customers from corporate abuse (such as unsafe products, predatory lending, or false advertising), political consumer practices have become increasingly employed to achieve diverse political and social goals. Calls to citizens to take action in their role as consumers have been made by social movement organizations of various types, either to build up transnational awareness so as to step up pressure on corporations or to facilitate the purchase of goods/services that meet specific ethical criteria. Along with large-scale boycotting and global fair trade initiatives, market-based actions have entered the repertoire of a number of local grassroots organizations seeking bottom-up solutions for sustainable development, within which the act of shopping moves beyond a form of individuals taking responsibility to become a tool for constructing collective, citizenship-driven alternative styles of provisioning.

Transnational Social Movements

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Gould ◽  
Tammy L. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Political Opportunity ◽  
Transnational Movements ◽  
Transnational Social Movements ◽  
National Movements ◽  
Movement Organizations

Transnational social movements are defined as movements wherein members in at least two nations cooperatively engage in efforts to promote or resist change beyond the bounds of their nation. Over the last 20 years, research on transnational social movements has proliferated in tandem with rapid globalization. The scholarship draws upon research conducted by sociologists and political scientists on national social movements and extends it to a global level. Similar questions and concepts applied to national or subnational movements are now applied to transnational movements: Why do they emerge? What are their processes? What are their consequences? Concepts such as political opportunity structure, which have been used to analyze the timing and outcomes of national social movement organizations’ actions, are being extended to understand how the international political arena shapes movements. The majority of work has been case specific and focused on a handful of movements: the human and indigenous rights movements, the women’s movement, the labor movement, and the environmental movement. Over time, this theorizing moved beyond borrowing concepts intended to explain local and national movements to generate concepts and propositions unique to the particularities of local-global/transnational movements. One of the limitations of the work to date is the lack of comparative work and theoretical development. The next stage of research should build upon the empirical work that has been generated by assessing propositions comparatively.

Informal Alliances vs. Institutional Ties: The Effects of Elite Alliances on Environmental TSMO Networks

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Caniglia
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Political Opportunity ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Institutional Ties ◽  
Movement Organizations

A cursory look at the ways that environmental activists seek to shape a growing global environmental agenda reveals a wide range of tactics that do not conform to traditional definitions of institutional versus disruptive politics. Zald and Diani argued in a recent Mobilization forum that our understandings of elite-movement relationships need revision to account for the variety of ways that movement actors relate to economic and political decision makers. While political opportunity analysts have shown that the presence or absence of sympathetic elites has important implications for movement outcomes, this article provides evidence about how the relationships between movement organizations and sympathetic transnational elites affect relationships within movements. By incorporating concepts and techniques from social network analysis, I derive a model to assess the effect of elite alliances on the structural positions in the network of environmental transnational social movement organizations (TSMOs). Findings indicate that elite alliances affect TSMO network positions differently, depending on the type and number of relationships the TSMO has with elites.

The Fist of the Working Class: The Social Movements of Jiu Valley Miners in Post-Socialist Romania

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ion Bogdan Vasi
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Political Opportunity Structure ◽  
Organizational Resources ◽  
Political Opportunity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Movement Organizations ◽  
High Degree

This article analyzes one of the most virulent protests witnessed by post-socialist societies: the social movements of the Jiu Valley miners in Romania. I argue that the key to comprehending the Jiu Valley miners’ extraordinary mobilization can be found in the density of their social networks, which, under a particular political opportunity structure, became a crucial resource for social movement organizations. Dense social networks and a favorable political opportunity created organizational resources that were utilized by movement entrepreneurs to build a unique participant identity. Having abundant organizational resources, influential allies, and sharing a special collective identity rooted in a tradition of militancy, Jiu Valley miners could achieve a high degree of mobilization, use noninstitutionalized confrontational tactics, and be victorious.

Media Coverage and Organizational Support in The Dutch Environmental Movement

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rens Vliegenthart ◽  
Dirk Oegema ◽  
Bert Klandermans
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Support ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Movement Organizations ◽  
The Relationship

Though social movement organizations (SMOs) depend heavily upon the media for their communication to the public, little is known about the relationships between media coverage and public support for SMOs. This research uses computer-assisted content analysis to assess the relationship between media coverage and membership figures for Dutch environmental organizations over the period 1991-2003. Our analysis provides evidence for direct influence of visibility of the organization and its main issue on membership support, while membership support does not influence visibility of an SMO and its issue. Furthermore, an SMO's media visibility is negatively affected by the visibility of other SMOs within the same sector. These results point to the necessity for SMOs to compete for attention in the public sphere and to the importance of using various strategies to compete for the limited space available in the media.

Space, Strategies, And Alliances In Mobilization: The 1960 Metalworkers' And Coal Miners' Strikes In Chile

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Stillerman
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Social Protest ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Movement Theory ◽  
Political Opportunities ◽  
Movement Strategy ◽  
Movement Organizations ◽  
The Relationship

Geography is a central factor influencing political opportunities, alliances between movement organizations and elites, and contentious repertoires. Scholarship incidentally refers to the relationship between geography and social protest, though recent work gives space greater theoretical importance. I bridge key concepts in social movement theory with work on space and protest through an analysis of a 1960 metalworkers' strike in Santiago, Chile and comparison with a contemporaneous provincial coal miners' strike. This article presents evidence that (1) characteristics of the built environment and everyday spatial routines in specific locales influence activists' tactical repertoires; (2) local political opportunities and alliance patterns significantly affect movement strategy and protest outcomes: and (3) social movement organizations operate within a nested opportunity structure in which local, regional, national, and international actors and opportunities interact in the context of con-tentious episodes. The findings have implications for studies of tactical repertoires and policing, comparisons of local movements, and nested opportunities in centralized and federal states.

Insularity or Solidarity? The Impacts of Political Opportunity Structure and Social Movement Sector on Alliance Formation

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-eun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Political Opportunity Structure ◽  
Political Opportunity ◽  
Opportunity Structure ◽  
Movement Organizations

Past democratization processes revealed a rise of interorganizational collaboration between social movement organizations. This paper investigates this sociopolitical phenomenon by analyzing the conditions under which alliances form within or across social movement industries in the context of democratizing Korea. A negative binomial regression analysis examines the impacts of the political opportunity structure and the social movement sector on different forms of protests: single, intramovement, and intermovement protests. Statistical results show that various dimensions of the political opportunity structure render differential effects, rather than a uniform effect, on alliance patterns. At the organizational level, coalitions and organizational diversity positively affect all forms of protests. The establishment of a strong alliance structure broadly empowers movements by providing a locus of organizational interactions and supports.

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