scholarly journals Deep stimulation in neurosurgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Aleksandr A. Kalinkin ◽  
Alexey G. Vinokurov ◽  
Olga N. Kalinkina ◽  
Alexander S. Ilinykh ◽  
Andrey A. Bocharov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Conservative Therapy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

The technique of deep brain stimulation is used to treat patients with various diseases of the central nervous system who are not amenable to conservative therapy, while open interventions in them are associated with a high risk of complications. In the review, we evaluate the efficiency of the deep stimulation of different regions of the brain in some pharmacoresistant forms of diseases.

Temporal patterning of pulses during deep brain stimulation affects central nervous system arousal

2010 ◽  
Vol 214 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Wells Quinkert ◽  
Nicholas D. Schiff ◽  
Donald W. Pfaff
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Temporal Patterning ◽  
Deep Brain

scholarly journals Role of GABA-A and GABA-B receptors of the brain in the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular regulation by the negative feedback mechanism

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
Ye. V. V. Naumenko ◽  
A. V. Amikishiyeva ◽  
L. I. Serova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
Negative Feedback Mechanism ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

The role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) of the brain and its receptors in the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular (HPT) regulation by the negative feedback mechanism was for the first time studied in sham-operated and unilaterally castrated adult Wister rats. Increased level of GABA in the central nervous system following an injection of GABA transaminase inhibitor, aminoacetic acid, into the lateral ventricle of the brain was associated with activation of a compensatory increase of testosterone level in the blood, caused by unilateral castration. GABA effect is mediated through the receptors. Muscimol stimulation of GABA-A receptors of the central nervous system activated and their blocking with bicucullin inhibited a compensatory increase of testosterone level in the blood caused by hemicastration. Baclofen stimulation of cerebral GABA-B receptors was associated with an inhibition and their saclofen blocking with stimulation of the level of male sex steroid hormone in the blood following unilateral castration. A conclusion is made about participation of GABAergic mechanisms of the brain in the regulation of HPT function via the negative feedback mechanism

scholarly journals Dimensions of the Threat to the Self Posed by Deep Brain Stimulation: Personal Identity, Authenticity, and Autonomy

Diametros ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Przemysław Zawadzki
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an invasive therapeutic method involving the implantation of electrodes and the electrical stimulation of specific areas of the brain to modulate their activity. DBS brings therapeutic benefits, but can also have adverse side effects. Recently, neuroethicists have recognized that DBS poses a threat to the very fabric of human existence, namely, to the selves of patients. This article provides a review of the neuroethical literature examining this issue, and identifies the crucial dimensions related to the self which DBS may endanger—personal identity, authenticity, and autonomy. The most influential theories accounting for these dimensions are analyzed herein, and it is argued that most of these theories require further refinement. This paper also demonstrates the interrelation between personal identity, authenticity, and autonomy, and concludes that one can only fully understand the impact of DBS on the self when all of these factors are taken into account.

Principles of Electricity and Electronics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin B. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Electrical Charge ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Electrical Device ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Deep Brain

The nervous system basically is an electrical device. Thus, the clinical effects of DBS result from affecting the nervous system electronically by depositing electrical charges in brain tissue. How the electrical charge is deposited depends on the electronics of the DBS IPGs, which is what you manipulate to deliver the electrical charge. Consequently, you need to know how controlling the electronics controls the deposition of the electrical charge into the brain. The physics of the electron is fundamental to the effects of DBS, as it is fundamental of the operations of the nervous system, so the chapter begins with a discussion of electrical forces. Electronics relates to the purposeful control of the flow of electrical charges, as in deep brain stimulation: the chapter explains exactly how DBS’s effects are achieved.

Human central nervous system circuits examined through the electrodes implanted for deep brain stimulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1219-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Valls-Solé ◽  
Yaroslau Compta ◽  
Joao Costa ◽  
Francesc Valldeoriola ◽  
Jordi Rumià
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Human Central Nervous System ◽  
Deep Brain

scholarly journals A Numerical Study to Compare Stimulations by Intraoperative Microelectrodes and Chronic Macroelectrodes in the DBS Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Paffi ◽  
F. Apollonio ◽  
M. G. Puxeddu ◽  
M. Parazzini ◽  
G. d’Inzeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Electric Stimulation ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Correct Target ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Deep brain stimulation is a clinical technique for the treatment of parkinson’s disease based on the electric stimulation, through an implanted electrode, of specific basal ganglia in the brain. To identify the correct target of stimulation and to choose the optimal parameters for the stimulating signal, intraoperative microelectrodes are generally used. However, when they are replaced with the chronic macroelectrode, the effect of the stimulation is often very different. Here, we used numerical simulations to predict the stimulation of neuronal fibers induced by microelectrodes and macroelectrodes placed in different positions with respect to each other. Results indicate that comparable stimulations can be obtained if the chronic macroelectrode is correctly positioned with the same electric center of the intraoperative microelectrode. Otherwise, some groups of fibers may experience a completely different electric stimulation.

Glucuronyl 3-sulfate occurs exclusively on distal unmyelinated terminals of selected sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 958-959
Author(s):  
S.S. Spicer ◽  
B.A. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Tissue Antigens ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Leu 7

Generation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against tissue antigens has yielded several (VC1.1, HNK- 1, L2, 4F4 and anti-leu 7) which recognize the unique sugar epitope, glucuronyl 3-sulfate (Glc A3- SO4). In the central nervous system, these MAbs have demonstrated Glc A3-SO4 at the surface of neurons in the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, the retina and other widespread regions of the brain.Here we describe the distribution of Glc A3-SO4 in the peripheral nervous system as determined by immunostaining with a MAb (VC 1.1) developed against antigen in the cat visual cortex. Outside the central nervous system, immunoreactivity was observed only in peripheral terminals of selected sensory nerves conducting transduction signals for touch, hearing, balance and taste. On the glassy membrane of the sinus hair in murine nasal skin, just deep to the ringwurt, VC 1.1 delineated an intensely stained, plaque-like area (Fig. 1). This previously unrecognized structure of the nasal vibrissae presumably serves as a tactile end organ and to our knowledge is not demonstrable by means other than its selective immunopositivity with VC1.1 and its appearance as a densely fibrillar area in H&E stained sections.

Central Nerve System Impairment, AMA Guides, Sixth Edition: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Jay Blaisdell
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Central Nerve System ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The One ◽  
Nerve System ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Injuries that affect the central nervous system (CNS) can be catastrophic because they involve the brain or spinal cord, and determining the underlying clinical cause of impairment is essential in using the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), in part because the AMA Guides addresses neurological impairment in several chapters. Unlike the musculoskeletal chapters, Chapter 13, The Central and Peripheral Nervous System, does not use grades, grade modifiers, and a net adjustment formula; rather the chapter uses an approach that is similar to that in prior editions of the AMA Guides. The following steps can be used to perform a CNS rating: 1) evaluate all four major categories of cerebral impairment, and choose the one that is most severe; 2) rate the single most severe cerebral impairment of the four major categories; 3) rate all other impairments that are due to neurogenic problems; and 4) combine the rating of the single most severe category of cerebral impairment with the ratings of all other impairments. Because some neurological dysfunctions are rated elsewhere in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, the evaluator may consult Table 13-1 to verify the appropriate chapter to use.

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