scholarly journals Emerging techniques in atherosclerosis imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maaz B.J. Syed
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Tomography Scanners ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Prediction ◽  
Vascular Beds ◽  
Atherosclerosis Imaging

Atherosclerosis is a chronic immunomodulated disease that affects multiple vascular beds and results in a significant worldwide disease burden. Conventional imaging modalities focus on the morphological features of atherosclerotic disease such as the degree of stenosis caused by a lesion. Modern CT, MR and positron emission tomography scanners have seen significant improvements in the rapidity of image acquisition and spatial resolution. This has increased the scope for the clinical application of these modalities. Multimodality imaging can improve cardiovascular risk prediction by informing on the constituency and metabolic processes within the vessel wall. Specific disease processes can be targeted using novel biological tracers and smart contrast agents. These approaches have the potential to inform clinicians of the metabolic state of atherosclerotic plaque. This review will provide an overview of current imaging techniques for the imaging of atherosclerosis and how various modalities can provide information that enhances the depiction of basic morphology. This publication is the reprint with Russian translation from original: Syed MBJ, Fletcher AJ, Forsythe RO, Kaczynski J, Newby DE, Dweck MR, et al. Emerging techniques in atherosclerosis imaging. Br J Radiol 2019; 92: 20180309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20180309

scholarly journals Emerging techniques in atherosclerosis imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1103) ◽  
pp. 20180309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maaz BJ Syed ◽  
Alexander J Fletcher ◽  
Rachael O Forsythe ◽  
Jakub Kaczynski ◽  
David E Newby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Tomography Scanners ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Prediction ◽  
Vascular Beds ◽  
Atherosclerosis Imaging

Atherosclerosis is a chronic immunomodulated disease that affects multiple vascular beds and results in a significant worldwide disease burden. Conventional imaging modalities focus on the morphological features of atherosclerotic disease such as the degree of stenosis caused by a lesion. Modern CT, MR and positron emission tomography scanners have seen significant improvements in the rapidity of image acquisition and spatial resolution. This has increased the scope for the clinical application of these modalities. Multimodality imaging can improve cardiovascular risk prediction by informing on the constituency and metabolic processes within the vessel wall. Specific disease processes can be targeted using novel biological tracers and “smart” contrast agents. These approaches have the potential to inform clinicians of the metabolic state of atherosclerotic plaque. This review will provide an overview of current imaging techniques for the imaging of atherosclerosis and how various modalities can provide information that enhances the depiction of basic morphology.

Emerging molecular targets for imaging of atherosclerotic plaque using positron emission tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf A. Werner ◽  
Frank M. Bengel ◽  
Thorsten Derlin
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Atherosclerosis Imaging

Background: Positron-emission-tomography (PET) using the radiopharmaceutical 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has become an established and validated molecular imaging modality for characterization of the inflammatory activity of atherosclerotic plaque. In the latest years, new innovative radiopharmaceuticals and applications have emerged, providing specific information on atherosclerotic plaque biology, particularly focused on inflammatory processes. Objective: To review and highlight recent evidence on the role of PET for atherosclerosis imaging using emerging radiotracers. Methods: A comprehensive computer literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE was carried out to find relevant published articles concerning the usefulness of nuclear hybrid imaging in atherosclerosis imaging using 18F-sodium fluoride PET, CXCR4-targeted PET, and amyloid-β-targeted PET. Results: Atherosclerosis imaging with PET using emerging, specific tracers holds promise in improving our understanding of the pathophysiologic processes that underlie plaque progression and adverse cardiovascular events. There is increasing, high-quality evidence on the usefulness of 18F-sodium fluoride PET and – to a lesser extent – CXCR4-targeted PET, whereas amyloid-β-targeted PET is still in its infancy. Conclusion: 18F-sodium fluoride PET, CXCR4-targeted PET and amyloid-β-targeted PET may be used to obtain molecular information on different aspects of plaque biology. Further work is required to improve technical aspects of these imaging techniques and to elucidate their ability to predict adverse cardiac events prospectively.

Positron Emission Tomography–Computed Tomography Evaluation of Maxillary Rhabdomyosarcoma in an Adult

2011 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Regino Cube ◽  
Yang-En Kao ◽  
Stephen Yoest ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
Head Neck ◽  
Histopathologic Features

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare primary head/neck tumor. This article illustrates the utility of multimodality imaging techniques in a 34-year-old male with metastatic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, including an apparently favorable metabolic response to chemotherapy between baseline and early post-treatment positron emission tomography–computed tomography. Clinical and histopathologic features of the disease are also presented.

Basics of Imaging Techniques in Evaluation of Soft Tissue Tumors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Alanna Aherne ◽  
Sinchun Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission

Medical imaging plays a pivotal role in the detection, diagnosis, and clinical management of primary soft tissue tumors. Various imaging modalities have been used, and each modality offers unique advantages in the workup of soft tissue tumors by localizing the lesions in different compartments of the body and characterizing macroscopic tissue composition of the lesions in a noninvasive and safe manner. We review the clinical role and technical aspects of the frequently used imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography, ultrasonography, positron emission tomography, and plain radiography with an emphasis on MRI as a mainstay imaging modality and a brief discussion of advanced techniques. We also review imaging features of common soft tissue tumors that can be detected and characterized using current imaging techniques. This review contains 54 figures, 1 table and 37 references.   Key words: computed tomography, diffusion-weighted imaging, imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, soft tissue, technique, tumor, ultrasonography

Wavelet Transform-Based Soft Computational Techniques and Applications in Medical Imaging

2016 ◽  
pp. 339-363
Author(s):  
Shabana Urooj ◽  
Satya P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Biomedical Image ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Neuro Imaging

The aim of this chapter is to highlight the biomedical applications of wavelet transform based soft computational techniques i.e. wavenet and corresponding research efforts in imaging techniques. A brief introduction of wavelet transform, its properties that are vital for biomedical applications touched by various researchers and basics of neural networks has been discussed. The concept of wavelon and wavenet is also discussed in detail. Recent survey of wavelet based neural networks in medical imaging is another facet of this script, which includes biomedical image denoising, image enhancement and functional neuro-imaging, including positron emission tomography and functional MRI.

scholarly journals Neurological update: neuroimaging in dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 267 (11) ◽  
pp. 3429-3435
Author(s):  
Timothy Rittman
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Structural Imaging ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Remarkable Progress

Abstract Neuroimaging for dementia has made remarkable progress in recent years, shedding light on diagnostic subtypes of dementia, predicting prognosis and monitoring pathology. This review covers some updates in the understanding of dementia using structural imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), structural and functional connectivity, and using big data and artificial intelligence. Progress with neuroimaging methods allows neuropathology to be examined in vivo, providing a suite of biomarkers for understanding neurodegeneration and for application in clinical trials. In addition, we highlight quantitative susceptibility imaging as an exciting new technique that may prove to be a sensitive biomarker for a range of neurodegenerative diseases. There are challenges in translating novel imaging techniques to clinical practice, particularly in developing standard methodologies and overcoming regulatory issues. It is likely that clinicians will need to lead the way if these obstacles are to be overcome. Continued efforts applying neuroimaging to understand mechanisms of neurodegeneration and translating them to clinical practice will complete a revolution in neuroimaging.

Radioligands for imaging myocardial α- and β-adrenoceptors

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (01) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schäfers ◽  
M. P. Law ◽  
T. Wichter ◽  
O. Schober ◽  
B. Riemann
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Adrenoceptor Antagonist ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Cardiac Adrenoceptors

SummaryAlpha- and beta-adrenoceptors play an important role in the control of heart function. According to their molecular, biological, and pharmacological characteristics, they are subdivided into α1-, α2- and β1-, β2-, β3-, β4-adrenoceptors. In cardiac disease, there is often a selective downregulation of β1-adrenoceptors associated with a relative increase in β2- and α1-adrenoceptors. Functional imaging techniques like single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) provide the unique capability for non-invasive assessment of cardiac adrenoceptors. Radioligands with high specific binding to cardiac α- and β-adrenoceptors suitable for radiolabelling are required for clinical studies. The non-selective β-adrenoceptor antagonist [11C]CGP-12177 was used to quantify β-adrenoceptor density using PET in patients with heart disease. New non-selective ligands (e. g. [11C]CGP-12388, [18F]CGP-12388, [11C]carazolol and [18F]fluorocarazolol) are currently evaluated; β1-selective radioligands (e. g. [11C]CGP-26505, [11C]bisoprolol, [11C]HX-CH 44) and β2-selective radioligands (e. g. [11C]formoterol, [11C]ICI-118551) were assessed in animals. None of them turned out as suitable for cardiac PET.Potential radioligands for imaging cardiac α1-adrenoceptors are based on prazosin. Whereas [11C]prazosin shows low specific binding to myocardium, its derivative [11C]GB67 looks more promising. The putative α2-adrenoceptor radioligand [11C]MK-912 shows high uptake in rodent myocardium but has not yet been evaluated in man.A number of radioligands were evaluated for assessing cardiac adrenoceptors using PET. New radioligands are needed to provide more insight into cardiac pathophysiology which may influence the therapeutic management of patients with cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Cardiac Tumors: Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossana Bussani ◽  
Matteo Castrichini ◽  
Luca Restivo ◽  
Enrico Fabris ◽  
Aldostefano Porcari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Cardiac Tumors ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Imaging Approach ◽  
Oncology Practice ◽  
Cardiac Masses

Abstract Purpose of Review Cardiac masses frequently present significant diagnostic and therapeutic clinical challenges and encompass a broad set of lesions that can be either neoplastic or non-neoplastic. We sought to provide an overview of cardiac tumors using a cardiac chamber prevalence approach and providing epidemiology, imaging, histopathology, diagnostic workup, treatment, and prognoses of cardiac tumors. Recent Findings Cardiac tumors are rare but remain an important component of cardio-oncology practice. Over the past decade, the advances in imaging techniques have enabled a noninvasive diagnosis in many cases. Indeed, imaging modalities such as cardiac magnetic resonance, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography are important tools for diagnosing and characterizing the lesions. Although an epidemiological and multimodality imaging approach is useful, the definite diagnosis requires histologic examination in challenging scenarios, and histopathological characterization remains the diagnostic gold standard. Summary A comprehensive clinical and multimodality imaging evaluation of cardiac tumors is fundamental to obtain a proper differential diagnosis, but histopathology is necessary to reach the final diagnosis and subsequent clinical management.

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