The phenomenon of reversible myometrial dysfunction and delayed rehabilitation of uterine contractive ability

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
V. V. Abramchenko

The author introduces the conception o f potentially reversible myometrial dysfunction with unaffected main physiological function o f myometrium (viability o f myometrium). This dysfunction is connected with the disturbances o f uterine haemodynamics. The phenomenon o f reversible myometrial dysfunction reflects the process o f prolonged decreased contractile ability o f the uterus.The therapy o f reversible myometrial dysfunction phenomenon should be directed to blood flow restoration under the conditions o f uterine hypoperfusion.The special treatment is not required fo r myometrium with reserved main physiological functions (tonus, excitability) because restoration o f myometrial contractile ability improves spontaneously in case o f blood flow restoration.With the aim o f prophylaxis o f myometrial dysfunction and delayed rehabilitation o f the uterine contractile function administration o f Ca antagonists, beta-adrenomymetics, antioxidants and preparations, which improve myometrial metabolic processes, is recommended before the expected delivery.

2021 ◽  
pp. 438-441
Author(s):  
L.A. Efimov ◽  
K.R. Khasanova ◽  
A.A. Nazmieva ◽  
T.Yu. Gumerov

Functional drinks are intended for systematic consumption as part of food rations; they preserve and improve health, as well as reduce the risk of developing certain diseases. Functional drinks contain ingredients that have the ability to have a positive effect on physiological functions and metabolic processes in the human body. The functional ingredients of alcohol-free beverages are: vitamins, macro- and microelements, dietary fiber, organic acids, phenolic and other compounds. Functional drinks include non-alcoholic energy drinks, fortified juices and sports drinks, therapeutic and therapeutic-table mineral waters.


2019 ◽  
pp. 827-846
Author(s):  
John Reynard ◽  
Simon F Brewster ◽  
Suzanne Biers ◽  
Naomi Laura Neal

This chapter covers the basic physiological functions of the kidney, bladder, and urethra. Renal anatomy is detailed, including the anatomical relations of the kidney. Renal physiology is covered in detail, including the regulation of renal blood flow and regulation of water, acid–base, sodium, and potassium balance. It includes the principles of renal replacement therapy and the principles of renal transplantation, including assessment of both the recipient and the donor. Transplant surgery is outlined, including commonly used drugs and complications and their management and common complications of renal transplant surgery. The different types of organ rejection are discussed, including their treatments.


1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Saldeen ◽  
J Mehta ◽  
W Nichols ◽  
D Lew

Intracoronary thrombus resulting in acute myocardial ischemia can be lysed by thrombolytic agents, such as, streptokinase or t-PA. We examined the potential of a recombitant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA)and a fibrin (ogen)-degradation productpentapeptide 6A, Ala-Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys, corresponding to aminoacids 43-47 in the BB-chain of fibrinogen, which causes marked increase in coronary blood flow and stimulates prostacyclin release, in restoring coronary blood flow in dqgs with experimentally-induced thrombus. An occlusive thrombus was created in the circumflex (Cx) coronary artery in 8 dcgs by electricalstimulation of the endothelial surface. The electrically-induced Cx thrombus consisted primarily of platelets and fibrin. After the occlusive thrcmbus was stable without electrical currant, rt-PA (10ug/kg/minute for 30 minutes intravenously)or peptide 6A (5 unoles/minute for 20 minutes intracorcnary) were randomly administered. Infusion of t-PA restored coronar blood flow (peak 22 ±12 ml/minute, mean ±SD) in five of seven animlas. The time to flow restoration was 12.3 ± 9.1 minutes and the reflow persistedfor20.0 ± 10.9 minutes. Peptide 6A administration also restored coronary blood flow (peak 20 ± 4 ml/ minute) in seven of eight animals with occlusive coronary thrombus. Mean time to blood flow restoration (4.3 ±2.9 minutes) wasshorter(P>0.05) than with rt-PA, but thereflow persisted only for the duration of tine infusion (16.3 ± 10.2 minutes).Peptide 6A adninistration was associatedwith a significant (P±0.05) increase in plasma 6-keto-PGF1α indicating stimulation of prostacyclin release. In addition, plasma t-PA concentrations also increased (F>0.01) at the peak effect of peptide 6A indicating releaseof endogenous t-PA as another potentialmechanism of the thrombolytic effects of peptide 6A. This study demonstrates that peptide 6A exerts coronary thrombolytic effectsccmpa rable to those of t-PA in a canine model of coronary thrombosis.


1978 ◽  
Vol 234 (5) ◽  
pp. H557-H561 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Resnik ◽  
G. W. Brink

The effects of prostaglandins E1, E2, and F2alpha (PGE1, PGE2, and PGE2alpha, respectively) on uterine blood flow were investigated in chronically catheterized, nonpregnant sheep equipped with electromagnetic flow probes. PGE1 was found to be a potent dilator of the uterine vascular bed and, at initial arterial concentratios of 1.5 micron (500 ng/ml), produced peak uterine blood flows similar to those achieved by a pulsed dose of 1 microgram 17beta-estradiol; PGE2 had less active vasodilating activity. Conversely, uterine intra-arterial PGF2alpha infusions, which produced initial concentrations of 0.1 micron (50 ng/ml), promptly reduced peak estrogen-stimulated uterine blood flow by 60%. All prostaglandin infusions stimulated increases in uterine contractile frequency and base-line tone. The findings demonstrate the sensitivity of the nonpregnant sheep uterine vasculature to prostaglandins.


1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (1) ◽  
pp. H172-H180 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Sassen ◽  
K. Bezstarosti ◽  
W. J. Van der Giessen ◽  
J. M. Lamers ◽  
P. D. Verdouw

Effects of pretreatment with L-propionylcarnitine (50 mg/kg, n = 9) or saline (n = 10) were studied in open-chest anesthetized pigs, in which ischemia was induced by decreasing left anterior descending coronary artery blood flow to 20% of baseline. After 60 min of ischemia, myocardium was reperfused for 2 h. In both groups, flow reduction abolished contractile function of the affected myocardium and caused similar decreases in ATP (by 55%) and energy charge [(ATP + 0.5ADP)/(ATP + ADP + AMP); decrease from 0.91 to 0.60], mean arterial blood pressure (by 10-24%), the maximum rate of rise in left ventricular pressure (by 26-32%), and cardiac output (by 20-30%). During reperfusion, “no-reflow” was attenuated by L-propionylcarnitine, because myocardial blood flow returned to 61 and 82% of baseline in the saline- and L-propionylcarnitine-treated animals, respectively. Cardiac output of the saline-treated animals further decreased (to 52% of baseline), and systemic vascular resistance increased from 46 +/- 3 to 61 +/- 9 mmHg.min.l-1, thereby maintaining arterial blood pressure. In L-propionylcarnitine-treated pigs, cardiac output remained at 75% of baseline, and systemic vascular resistance decreased from 42 +/- 3 to 38 +/- 4 mmHg.min.l-1. In both groups, energy charge but not the ATP level of the ischemic-reperfused myocardium tended to recover, whereas the creatine phosphate level showed significantly more recovery in saline-treated animals. We conclude that L-propionylcarnitine partially preserved vascular patency in ischemic-reperfused porcine myocardium but had no immediate effect on “myocardial stunning.” Potential markers for long-term recovery were not affected by L-propionylcarnitine.


2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon W. Senefeld ◽  
Jacqueline K. Limberg ◽  
Kathleen M. Lukaszewicz ◽  
Sandra K. Hunter

The aim of this study was to compare fatigability, contractile function, and blood flow to the knee extensor muscles after dynamic exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and controls. The hypotheses were that patients with T2DM would demonstrate greater fatigability than controls, and greater fatigability would be associated with a lower exercise-induced increase in blood flow and greater impairments in contractile function. Patients with T2DM ( n = 15; 8 men; 62.4 ± 9.0 yr; 30.4 ± 7.7 kg/m2; 7,144 ± 3,294 steps/day) and 15 healthy control subjects (8 men, 58.4 ± 6.9 yr; 28.4 ± 4.6 kg/m2; 7,893 ± 2,323 steps/day) were matched for age, sex, body mass index, and physical activity. Fatigability was quantified as the reduction in knee extensor power during a 6-min dynamic exercise. Before and after exercise, vascular ultrasonography and electrical stimulation were used to assess skeletal muscle blood flow and contractile properties, respectively. Patients with T2DM had greater fatigability (30.0 ± 20.1% vs. 14.6 ± 19.0%, P < 0.001) and lower exercise-induced hyperemia (177 ± 90% vs. 194 ± 79%, P = 0.04) than controls but similar reductions in the electrically evoked twitch amplitude (37.6 ± 24.8% vs. 31.6 ± 30.1%, P = 0.98). Greater fatigability of the knee extensor muscles was associated with postexercise reductions in twitch amplitude ( r = 0.64, P = 0.001) and lesser exercise-induced hyperemia ( r = −0.56, P = 0.009). Patients with T2DM had greater lower-limb fatigability during dynamic exercise, which was associated with reduced contractile function and lower skeletal muscle blood flow. Thus, treatments focused on enhancing perfusion and reversing impairments in contractile function in patients with T2DM may offset lower-limb fatigability and aid in increasing exercise capacity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although prior studies compare patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with lean controls, our study includes controls matched for age, body mass, and physical activity to more closely assess the effects of T2DM. Patients with T2DM demonstrated no impairment in macrovascular endothelial function, evidenced by similar flow-mediated dilation to controls. However, patients with T2DM had greater fatigability and reduced exercise-induced increase in blood flow (hyperemia) after a lower-limb dynamic fatiguing exercise compared with controls.


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