Features of morphological changes in the intramural nervous system of the heart in atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction

1980 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
M. V. Uglova ◽  
V. N. Shlyapnikov ◽  
V. V. Sergeev ◽  
A. U. Zalmunin ◽  
E. A. Taikov
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Hypertrophic Changes

Morphometric study of human cardiac neurocytes in myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis made it possible to establish that myocardial infarction causes adaptive (hypertrophic) changes in the intramural nervous system of the heart, especially pronounced on the first day of the course of the infarction; with atherosclerosis, the changes are characterized by a direction towards atrophic processes.

Changes of Responses of Autonomic Nervous System in Patients after Myocardial Infarction

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Won Park ◽  
Ho Joong Youn ◽  
Wook Sung Chung ◽  
Joon Chul Park ◽  
Chul Min Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

Morphometric study of the platform elements of Amydrotaxis praejohnsoni n. sp. (Lower Devonian, conodonts, Nevada)

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Murphy ◽  
Kathleen B. Springer
Keyword(s):  
Lower Devonian ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Mosaic Pattern ◽  
Basal Cavity

The platform element of the conodont Amydrotaxis praejohnsoni n. sp. shows statistically significant morphological changes from the base to the top of the delta Zone (Lower Devonian). The changes occur particularly in mean denticle number, height and character of the anterior denticles, and shape of the basal cavity. The earliest forms have fewer denticles ( = 7.1), an enlarged, high anterior denticle, and a broadly flared posterior basal cavity, whereas late forms have more denticles ( = 9.4), equal-sized anterior denticles, and a narrow posterior basal cavity. There is no stasis phase in the species history, but rather a mosaic pattern in which the observed changes in the character states are seemingly independent of each other and proceed at variable rates.

scholarly journals Fast and specific: insights into the acquisition and generalization of motor acuity

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 2354-2363
Author(s):  
Shahar Gonda ◽  
Anat Shkedy Rabani ◽  
Naama Horesh ◽  
Lior Shmuelof
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Pointing Task ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Accuracy Tradeoff

Motor acuity is considered to be the outcome of prolonged practice and to involve morphological changes in the motor cortex. We have previously designed a curved pointing task, the arc pointing task (APT), to study motor acuity acquisition, defined as a change in the speed-accuracy tradeoff function (SAF) of the task. Here, we studied the generalization of motor acuity between hands and between tasks (drawing the arc in the opposite direction and with the untrained hand) and the effect of training duration on motor acuity. We report that training-induced motor acuity improvement did not generalize across hands and across tasks performed with the same hand, suggesting a task-specific representation of motor acuity. To our surprise, the largest gains in motor acuity, measured both by changes in SAF and by improvement in multiple kinematic variables, were seen following a short exposure to the task. Our results suggest that motor acuity training-induced improvement is task specific and that motor acuity starts to improve following a very short practice. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report that training induced motor acuity improvement does not generalize from one hand to another or between movements that are performed with the same effector. Furthermore, significant improvements in acuity were found following a very short exposure to the task (∼20 trials). Therefore, our results suggest that the nervous system has the capacity to rapidly improve motor acuity.

scholarly journals Involvement of Autonomic Nervous System in New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation during Acute Myocardial Infarction

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Sagnard ◽  
Charles Guenancia ◽  
Basile Mouhat ◽  
Maud Maza ◽  
Marie Fichot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Holter Ecg ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
New Onset

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and associated with in-hospital and long-term mortality. However, the pathophysiology of AF in AMI is poorly understood. Heart rate variability (HRV), measured by Holter-ECG, reflects cardiovascular response to the autonomic nervous system and altered (reduced or enhanced) HRV may have a major role in the onset of AF in AMI patients. Objective: We investigated the relationship between autonomic dysregulation and new-onset AF during AMI. Methods: As part of the RICO survey, all consecutive patients hospitalized for AMI at Dijon (France) university hospital between June 2001 and November 2014 were analyzed by Holter-ECG <24 h following admission. HRV was measured using temporal and spectral analysis. Results: Among the 2040 included patients, 168 (8.2%) developed AF during AMI. Compared to the sinus-rhythm (SR) group, AF patients were older, had more frequent hypertension and lower left ventricular ejection fraction LVEF. On the Holter parameters, AF patients had higher pNN50 values (11% vs. 4%, p < 0.001) and median LH/HF ratio, a reflection of sympathovagal balance, was significantly lower in the AF group (0.88 vs 2.75 p < 0.001). The optimal LF/HF cut-off for AF prediction was 1.735. In multivariate analyses, low LF/HF <1.735 (OR(95%CI) = 3.377 (2.047–5.572)) was strongly associated with AF, ahead of age (OR(95%CI) = 1.04(1.01–1.06)), mean sinus-rhythm rate (OR(95%CI) = 1.03(1.02–1.05)) and log NT-proBNP (OR(95%CI) = 1.38(1.01–1.90). Conclusion: Our study strongly suggests that new-onset AF in AMI mainly occurs in a dysregulated autonomic nervous system, as suggested by low LF/HF, and higher PNN50 and RMSSD values.

scholarly journals Sampling and Evaluating the Peripheral Nervous System

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark T. Butt
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Test Article ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
The Brain

Many preclinical investigations limit the evaluation of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to paraffin-embedded sections/hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections of the sciatic nerve. This limitation ignores several key mechanisms of toxicity and anatomic differences that may interfere with an accurate assessment of test article effects on the neurons/neurites peripheral to the brain and spinal cord. Ganglion neurons may be exposed to higher concentrations of the test article as compared to neurons in the brain or spinal cord due to differences in capillary permeability. Many peripheral neuropathies are length-dependent, meaning distal nerves may show morphological changes before they are evident in the mid-sciatic nerve. Paraffin-embedded nerves are not optimal to assess myelin changes, notably those leading to demyelination. Differentiating between axonal or myelin degeneration may not be possible from the examination of paraffin-embedded sections. A sampling strategy more consistent with known mechanisms of toxicity, atraumatic harvest of tissues, optimized fixation, and the use of resin and paraffin-embedded sections will greatly enhance the pathologist’s ability to observe and characterize effects in the PNS.

Morphological Changes and Cellular Dynamics of Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells in the Developing Vertebrate Central Nervous System

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 346-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Ono ◽  
Tetsushi Kagawa ◽  
Toshiko Tsumori ◽  
Shigefumi Yokota ◽  
Yukihiko Yasui
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Cellular Dynamics ◽  
Vertebrate Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Brugada Pattern Electrocardiogram Unmasked with Cocaine Ingestion

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chadi Alraies ◽  
Mohammed A. R. Chamsi-Pasha ◽  
Motaz Baibars ◽  
Abdul Hamid Alraiyes ◽  
Khaldoon Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Psychomotor Agitation ◽  
Paranoid Ideation ◽  
Generalized Seizures ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
Brugada Pattern

Cocaine is considered a leading cause of drug-related deaths. This is usually sudden, unwitnessed, and without prodromal features. It has been reported that in-hospital mortality is close to 2%. Cocaine has powerful central nervous system effects1and acute cocaine overdose has been associated with hyperthermia, agitation, paranoid ideation, status epilepticus, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and myocardial infarction (MI). The mechanisms of cocaine-related death remain poorly understood. We report a patient who survived massive cocaine ingestion with psychomotor agitation and generalized seizures followed by asystolic cardiac arrest and transient Brugada pattern on electrocardiogram (ECG).

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