scholarly journals To the question of articular chondromatosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-331
Author(s):  
A. I. Mikhelson
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Rare Disease ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Joint Cavity ◽  
Round Shape

Chondromatosis is a rare disease related to the pathology of the joint capsule, and is characterized by the fact that inside the joint cavity we find formations of various sizes, irregular round shape of tumor nodes, lying freely, sometimes on legs emanating from the synovium. These formations disfigure the shape of the joint and often cause a sharp restriction of mobility, sometimes bringing the range of motion to a minimum.

scholarly journals Rabbit Model of Extending Knee Joint Contracture: Progression of Joint Motion Restriction and Subsequent Joint Capsule Changes after Immobilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 015-021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Zhou ◽  
Quan Bing Zhang ◽  
Hua Zhang Zhong ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Joint Contracture ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Joint Range ◽  
Tgf Β1

AbstractThis study aimed to develop a rabbit model of knee contracture in extension and investigate the natural history of motion loss and time-dependent changes in the joint capsule after immobilization. We immobilized the unilateral knee joints of 32 rabbits by maintaining the knee joint in a plaster cast at full extension. Eight rabbits were euthanized at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after casting, respectively, and the lower extremities were disarticulated at the hip joint. Eight control group rabbits that did not undergo immobilization were also examined. We assessed the progression of joint contracture by measuring the joint range of motion, evaluating the histologic alteration of the capsule, and assessing the mRNA levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in the anterior and posterior joint capsules. After 2 weeks of joint immobilization, the knee joint range of motion was limited, the synovial membrane of the suprapatellar and posterior joint capsules was thickened, the collagen deposition was increased, and the mRNA levels of TGF-β1 were elevated in the anterior and posterior joint capsules. These changes progressed rapidly until 6 weeks of immobilization and may advance slowly after 6 weeks. Joint contracture developed at the early stage of immobilization and progressed over time. The changes in the anterior and posterior joint capsules after joint immobilization may contribute to the limitation in flexion. The elevated mRNA expression of TGF-β1 may be related to joint capsule fibrosis and may be one of the causes of joint contracture.

scholarly journals Range of Motion Exercise Suppresses Myofibroblast Proliferation in the Joint Capsule in a Rat Joint Contracture Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taro Matsuzaki ◽  
Shinya Yoshida ◽  
Masahiro Hoso
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Joint Contracture ◽  
Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract This study aimed to perform range of motion exercises on a rat knee joint contracture model and clarify changes in the joint range of motion and number of myofibroblasts in the joint capsule. Eighteen male Wistar rats were used and randomly divided into the following three groups: control, immobilized, and exercise. The right hindlimb knee joints of rats in the immobilized and exercise groups were immobilized, and the animals in the exercise group started the range of motion exercises the day after the joint immobilization. After the two weeks experimental period, the range of knee joint extension angle was measured, and the knee joint was collected. To observe the posterior joint capsule of the rat knee joint, hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunostaining were performed. Differences in knee extension restriction angles were significant between all groups, and differences in the number of alpha smooth muscle actin-positive cells were significant between the control and immobilization groups. These results indicate that joint immobilization leads to myofibroblast proliferation, whereas gentle exercise that does not maintain sufficient range of motion in the joint may inhibit myofibroblast proliferation.

scholarly journals Posterior Glenohumeral Joint Capsule Contracture

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitabh Dashottar ◽  
John Borstad
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Humeral Head ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Posterior Capsule ◽  
Joint Mechanics ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Standard Techniques

Glenohumeral joint posterior capsule contracture may cause shoulder pain by altering normal joint mechanics. Contracture is commonly noted in throwing athletes but can also be present in nonthrowers. The cause of contracture in throwing athletes is assumed to be a response to the high amount of repetitive tensile force placed on the tissue, whereas the mechanism of contracture in nonthrowers is unknown. It is likely that mechanical and cellular processes interact to increase the stiffness and decrease the compliance of the capsule, although the exact processes that cause a contracture have not been confirmed. Cadaver models have been used to study the effect of posterior capsule contracture on joint mechanics and demonstrate alterations in range of motion and in humeral head kinematics. Imaging has been used to assess posterior capsule contracture, although standard techniques and quantification methods are lacking. Clinically, contracture manifests as a reduction in glenohumeral internal rotation and/or cross body adduction range of motion. Stretching and manual techniques are used to improve range of motion and often decrease symptoms in painful shoulders.

Normal functional anatomy of joints

2013 ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Benjamin ◽  
Dennis McGonagle
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Synovial Membrane ◽  
Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Synovial Joint ◽  
Joint Cavity ◽  
Diarthrodial Joints ◽  
Normal Functional ◽  
Fat Pads

The current chapter has a functional anatomical focus on factors directly relevant to the inflammatory and degenerative rheumatic diseases. Given the immense importance of synovial inflammation in the rheumatic disorders we pay particular attention to synovial (diarthrodial) joints. Many subtypes are defined, according to the shape of the articulating bones and/or the type of movement permitted. The most defining characteristic of any synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity containing fluid secreted by a synovial membrane. This fluid nourishes the articular cartilage. Some synovial joints contain fibrocartilaginous menisci and/or fat pads and others have cartilages lining the surfaces of ligaments or tendons that replace or reinforce the joint capsule. These cartilages form part of ’enthesis organs’ and contribute to the formation of ’synovio-entheseal complexes’. Such synovial membrane-synovial fluid-cartilage functional units are widespread and appear to be of key importance in the pathogenesis of erosion formation in inflammatory arthritis. Typically, they occur at diverse sites including fibrocartilaginous regions of extensor tendons at the interphalangeal joints and where tendons change directions on bony surfaces in the ankle joint. They are collectively termed functional entheses and contribute to a number of pathological processes including tendonitis, periostitis and osteitis.

scholarly journals A CASE REPORT: PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF FETAL CARDIAC RHABDOMYOMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Kui Foung ◽  
Mohd Aznan Md. Aris ◽  
Norhayaty Sharman Khamis Roslee
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Rare Disease ◽  
Cardiac Rhabdomyoma ◽  
Antenatal Ultrasound ◽  
Paediatric Cardiologist ◽  
Round Shape ◽  
Antenatal Ultrasonography

Fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma is a rare disease, and most of the cases are detected incidentally during the antenatal ultrasound. This is a case discovered during antenatal ultrasonography at 29 weeks of gestation. Multiple hyperechoic round shape masses were seen in the cardiac. After birth, the baby had been under a paediatric cardiologist follow-up with regular echocardiography. Management was mainly conservative at the time being as there was no sign of obstruction.

Absorption of Artificial Effusions from Synovial Joints: An Experimental Study in Rabbits

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Levick
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Joint Fluid ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Fluid Exchange ◽  
Rabbit Knee ◽  
Joint Cavity

1. The absorption of fluid from the joint cavity was studied by measurement of the flow of Ringer solution or paraffin oil, from an infusion reservoir, into rabbit knee joints at constant pressures between 0 and 25 cm water. 2. Although no oil was absorbed across the synovium, oil flowed continuously into the joint cavity at constant intra-articular pressure. It was concluded that the joint capsule expanded with time (delayed compliance, viscous creep). Viscous creep of the capsule could explain, in part, the poor correlation observed clinically between effusion volume and pressure. 3. The rate of absorption of Ringer solution by the synovium was calculated by subtraction of the volumetric rate of creep from the volume inflow of Ringer solution. The absorption rate increased as a linear function of intra-articular pressure up to 9 cm water but as a much steeper (six-times) function of pressure above 9 cm water (the ‘breaking point’ phenomenon). Since pressure increases upon joint flexion, flexion may minimize synovial fluid volume by promoting fluid absorption. 4. The absorption rate was unaffected by ligation of the lymphatic drainage of the joint, but was reduced to between 79 and 85% by intermittent interruption of blood flow to the joint. Fluid accumulated in connective tissue outside the synovium. 5. It is concluded that these artificial effusions are absorbed partly into the synovial micro-circulation, in accordance with Starling's hypothesis of fluid exchange, and partly into compliant connective tissue outside the joint capsule. The increased sensitivity of flow to pressure above 9 cm water is explained by a progressive reduction in synovial resistance to flow, and implies facilitation of absorption of joint effusions of pressures over 9 cm water.

Strain of the facet joint capsule during rotation and translation range-of-motion tests: an in vitro porcine model as a human surrogate

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie D. Zehr ◽  
Jeffery M. Barrett ◽  
Kayla M. Fewster ◽  
Andrew C. Laing ◽  
Jack P. Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Facet Joint ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Facet Joint Capsule

Strain Response in the Facet Joint Capsule During Physiological Joint Rotation and Translation Following a Simulated Impact Exposure: an in Vitro Porcine Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla M. Fewster ◽  
Joyce Guo ◽  
Jackie D. Zehr ◽  
Jeff M. Barrett ◽  
Andrew C. Laing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Facet Joint ◽  
Strain Tensor ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Joint Rotation ◽  
Rear Impact ◽  
Facet Joint Capsule ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Strain Components

Abstract Low back pain (LBP) is frequently reported following rear impact collisions. Knowledge of how the facet joint capsule (FJC) mechanically behaves before and after rear impact collisions may help explain LBP development despite negative radiographic evidence of gross tissue failure. This study quantified the Green strain tensor in the facet joint capsule during rotation and translation range-of-motion tests completed before and following an in vitro simulation of a rear impact collision. Eight FSUs (4 C3-C4, 4 C5-C6) were tested. Following a preload test, FSUs were flexed and extended at 0.5 degrees/second until an ±8 Nm moment was achieved. Anterior and posterior joint translation was then applied at 0.2 mm/s until a target ±400 N shear load was imposed. Markers were drawn on the facet capsule surface and their coordinates were tracked during pre- and post-impact range-of-motion tests. Strain was defined as the change in point configuration relative to the determined neutral joint posture. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) observed in all calculated FJC strain components in rotation and translation before and after the simulated impact. Our results suggest that LBP development resulting from the initiation of strain-induced mechanoreceptors and nociceptors with the facet joint capsule is unlikely following a severe rear impact collision within the boundaries of physiological joint motion.

scholarly journals Patterns of Range of Motion Restriction in Subjects with Adhesive Capsulitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 337-341
Author(s):  
Krupa M. Soni ◽  
Urmi Bhatt ◽  
Vidhya Solanki
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Adhesive Capsulitis ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Three Phases

Background: Adhesive capsulitis is one of the most common problems of the arm. It is a painful and disabling condition and the etiology is unclear. Adhesive capsulitis is caused by tightening of the joint capsule and results in stiffness and pain. Adhesive capsulitis occurs in three distinct stages. Freezing stage, Frozen stage & Thawing stage. Till date, adhesive capsulitis remains to be more of a clinical diagnosis rather than radiological. Cyriax’s proposed shoulder capsular pattern was external rotation most limited followed by abduction followed by internal rotation. It remains unclear whether this pattern is exists in all the phases of adhesive capsulitis or not. Aim: To identify pattern of restriction of ROM in subjects with adhesive capsulitis in three phases of adhesive capsulitis. Methodology: The study included 60 subjects with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis. Passive ROM for shoulder Abduction, internal and external rotation was measured with universal Goniometer. Results & Conclusion: Findings suggest that various patterns of restrictions were found in different phase of Adhesive capsulitis. Key words: Adhesive capsulitis, Shoulder passive ROM, Pattern of restriction.

Impairment Tutorial: Recurrent Radioculpathy: Recurrent Radioculpathy and Apportionment

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
Leon H. Ensalada
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Disk Herniation ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Recurrent Injury ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
Spinal Region

Abstract Recurrent radiculopathy is evaluated by a different approach in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, compared to that in the Fourth Edition. The AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, specifies several occasions on which the range-of-motion (ROM), not the Diagnosis-related estimates (DRE) method, is used to rate spinal impairments. For example, the AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, clarifies that ROM is used only for radiculopathy caused by a recurrent injury, including when there is new (recurrent) disk herniation or a recurrent injury in the same spinal region. In the AMA Guides, Fourth Edition, radiculopathy was rated using the Injury Model, which is termed the DRE method in the Fifth Edition. Also, in the Fourth Edition, for the lumbar spine all radiculopathies resulted in the same impairment (10% whole person permanent impairment), based on that edition's philosophy that radiculopathy is not quantifiable and, once present, is permanent. A rating of recurrent radiculopathy suggests the presence of a previous impairment rating and may require apportionment, which is the process of allocating causation among two or more factors that caused or significantly contributed to an injury and resulting impairment. A case example shows the divergent results following evaluation using the Injury Model (Fourth Edition) and the ROM Method (Fifth Edition) and concludes that revisions to the latter for rating permanent impairments of the spine often will lead to different results compared to using the Fourth Edition.

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