Construction of the vaccine strain of the influenza B virus with chimeric hemagglutinin to induce a cross-protective immune response

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Konstantin V. Baranov ◽  
Pei-Fong Wong ◽  
Ekaterina A. Stepanova ◽  
Ekaterina A. Bazhenova ◽  
Elena V. Krutikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

BACKGROUND: Influenza viruses cause worldwide epidemics, and the most effective method to prevent influenza disease is regular vaccinations. The development of new generation vaccines is aimed primarily at the formation of an immune response against a wide range of influenza viruses. One of the promising approaches is sequential vaccination with chimeric influenza viruses with identical stem domains of the hemagglutinin surface protein. AIM: The development of an experimental vaccine strain of influenza B virus with chimeric hemagglutinin consisting of head and stem domains of influenza B viruses belonging to different genetic lineages. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A chimeric influenza hemagglutinin gene was obtained by genetic engineering from the genetic material of B/Victoria and B/Yamagata influenza strains. The gene was inserted into the vector for the reverse genetics of the influenza virus. The influenza B virus strain with chimeric hemagglutinin was obtained by transfection of Vero cells using an 8-plasmid system. The rest of the genes were obtained from the attenuated influenza B virus with cold-adapted and temperature-sensitive phenotypes. The biological properties of the obtained recombinant strain, its infectious titer in developing chicken embryos and MDCK cell culture were evaluated. RESULTS: A recombinant vaccine strain has been successfully rescued. The head domain of the hemagglutinin of the virus is inherited from the B/Victoria influenza virus, and the stem domain from the B/Yamagata virus. The virus actively replicated in eggs and MDCK cells, with temperature-sensitive and cold-adapted phenotypes identical to classical live attenuated influenza vaccine viruses. The thermal stability of the chimeric hemagglutinin did not differ significantly from the thermal stability of the hemagglutinins of the donor viruses. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained indicate the possibility of creating a strain with chimeric hemagglutinin, fragments of which are inherited from different genetic lineages. The growth characteristics and biological properties of the strain make it a promising candidate for the experimental evaluation of the possibility of inducing a cross-protective immune response by sequential vaccination with vaccine strains with identical stem hemagglutinin domains.

scholarly journals Clinical Investigations. Comparison of Directigen Flu A+B with Real Time PCR in the Diagnosis of Influenza / Сравнение Иммунохроматографического Метода (Directigen Flu A+B) И Теста RT-PCR При Инфекциях Гриппа

Folia Medica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golubinka Bosevska ◽  
Nikola Panovski ◽  
Elizabeta Janceska ◽  
Vladimir Mikik ◽  
Irena Kondova Topuzovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Nose And Throat

AbstractEarly diagnosis and treatment of patients with influenza is the reason why physicians need rapid high-sensitivity influenza diagnostic tests that require no complex lab equipment and can be performed and interpreted within 15 min. The Aim of this study was to compare the rapid Directigen Flu A+B test with real time PCR for detection of influenza viruses in the Republic of Macedonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One-hundred-eight respiratory samples (combined nose and throat swabs) were routinely collected for detection of influenza virus during influenza seasons. Forty-one patients were pediatric cases and 59 were adult. Their mean age was 23 years. The patients were allocated into 6 age groups: 0 - 4 yrs, 5 - 9 yrs, 10 - 14 yrs, 15 - 19 yrs, 20-64 yrs and > 65 yrs. Each sample was tested with Directigen Flu A+B and CDC real time PCR kit for detection and typisation/subtypisation of influenza according to the lab diagnostic protocol. RESULTS: Directigen Flu A+B identified influenza A virus in 20 (18.5%) samples and influenza B virus in two 2 (1.9%) samples. The high specificity (100%) and PPV of Directigen Flu A+B we found in our study shows that the positive results do not need to be confirmed. The overall sensitivity of Directigen Flu A+B is 35.1% for influenza A virus and 33.0% for influenza B virus. The sensitivity for influenza A is higher among children hospitalized (45.0%) and outpatients (40.0%) versus adults. CONCLUSION: Directigen Flu A+B has relatively low sensitivity for detection of influenza viruses in combined nose and throat swabs. Negative results must be confirmed.

scholarly journals Haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies against influenza A and influenza B in maternal and neonatal sera

1978 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Masurel ◽  
J. I. de Bruijne ◽  
H. A. Beuningh ◽  
H. J. A. Schouten
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

SUMMARYHaemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies against the influenza viruses A/Hong Kong/8/68 (H3N2) and B/Nederland/77/66 were determined in 420 paired sera from mothers and newborns (umbilical cord sera), sampled in 1970–1.A higher concentration of antibodies against influenza A virus was found more frequently in neonatal than in maternal sera. By contrast, low titres against influenza B virus were more frequently observed in neonatal than in maternal sera. Maternal age, duration of pregnancy, and birth-weight did not affect the results of the tests.It is suggested that the titre of the newborn against an epidemic influenza virus can be predicted from that of the mother. Furthermore, the maternal titre may be an indication of the susceptibility of the newborn infant to influenza infections.

scholarly journals Influenza A and B viruses in the population of Vojvodina, Serbia

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Radovanov ◽  
V. Milosevic ◽  
I. Hrnjakovic ◽  
V. Petrovic ◽  
M. Ristic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Seasonal Epidemic

At present, two influenza A viruses, H1N1pdm09 and H3N2, along with influenza B virus co-circulate in the human population, causing endemic and seasonal epidemic acute febrile respiratory infections, sometimes with life-threatening complications. Detection of influenza viruses in nasopharyngeal swab samples was done by real-time RT-PCR. There were 60.2% (53/88) positive samples in 2010/11, 63.4% (52/82) in 2011/12, and 49.9% (184/369) in 2012/13. Among the positive patients, influenza A viruses were predominant during the first two seasons, while influenza B type was more active during 2012/13. Subtyping of influenza A positive samples revealed the presence of A (H1N1)pdm09 in 2010/11, A (H3N2) in 2011/12, while in 2012/13, both subtypes were detected. The highest seroprevalence against influenza A was in the age-group 30-64, and against influenza B in adults aged 30-64 and >65.

scholarly journals Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and influenza viruses based on CRISPR-Cas12a

2020 ◽  
pp. 153537022096379
Author(s):  
Oraphan Mayuramart ◽  
Pattaraporn Nimsamer ◽  
Somruthai Rattanaburi ◽  
Naphat Chantaravisoot ◽  
Kritsada Khongnomnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Influenza Virus A ◽  
B Virus

Due to the common symptoms of COVID-19, patients are similar to influenza-like illness. Therefore, the detection method would be crucial to discriminate between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus-infected patients. In this study, CRISPR-Cas12a-based detection was applied for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A virus, and influenza B virus which would be a practical and attractive application for screening of patients with COVID-19 and influenza in areas with limited resources. The limit of detection for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, and influenza B detection was 10, 103, and 103 copies/reaction, respectively. Moreover, the assays yielded no cross-reactivity against other respiratory viruses. The results revealed that the detection of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 by using RT-RPA and CRISPR-Cas12a technology reaches 96.23% sensitivity and 100% specificity for SARS-CoV-2 detection. The sensitivity for influenza virus A and B detections was 85.07% and 94.87%, respectively. In addition, the specificity for influenza virus A and B detections was approximately 96%. In conclusion, the RT-RPA with CRISPR-Cas12a assay was an effective method for the screening of influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2 which could be applied to detect other infectious diseases in the future.

scholarly journals Influenza B Virus NS1-Truncated Mutants: Live-Attenuated Vaccine Approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (21) ◽  
pp. 10580-10590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Hai ◽  
Luis Martínez-Sobrido ◽  
Kathryn A. Fraser ◽  
Juan Ayllon ◽  
Adolfo García-Sastre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Type I ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
B Virus

ABSTRACT Type B influenza viruses can cause substantial morbidity and mortality in the population, and vaccination remains by far the best means of protection against infections with these viruses. Here, we report the construction of mutant influenza B viruses for potential use as improved live-virus vaccine candidates. Employing reverse genetics, we altered the NS1 gene, which encodes a type I interferon (IFN) antagonist. The resulting NS1 mutant viruses induced IFN and, as a consequence, were found to be attenuated in vitro and in vivo. The absence of pathogenicity of the NS1 mutants in both BALB/c and C57BL/6 PKR−/− mice was confirmed. We also provide evidence that influenza B virus NS1 mutants induce a self-adjuvanted immune response and confer effective protection against challenge with both homologous and heterologous B virus strains in mice.

Influenza B Virus Vaccines in Children and Adults: Adverse Reactions, Immune Response, and Observations in the Field

1981 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 700-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Foy ◽  
M. K. Cooney ◽  
I. D. Allan ◽  
F. Frost ◽  
J. M. Blumhagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Influenza B viruses exhibit lower within-host diversity than influenza A viruses in human hosts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Valesano ◽  
William J. Fitzsimmons ◽  
John T. McCrone ◽  
Joshua G. Petrie ◽  
Arnold S. Monto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Community Based ◽  
B Virus

AbstractInfluenza B virus undergoes seasonal antigenic drift more slowly than influenza A, but the reasons for this difference are unclear. While the evolutionary dynamics of influenza viruses play out globally, they are fundamentally driven by mutation, reassortment, drift, and selection within individual hosts. These processes have recently been described for influenza A virus, but little is known about the evolutionary dynamics of influenza B virus (IBV) at the level of individual infections and transmission events. Here we define the within-host evolutionary dynamics of influenza B virus by sequencing virus populations from naturally-infected individuals enrolled in a prospective, community-based cohort over 8176 person-seasons of observation. Through analysis of high depth-of-coverage sequencing data from samples from 91 individuals with influenza B, we find that influenza B virus accumulates lower genetic diversity than previously observed for influenza A virus during acute infections. Consistent with studies of influenza A viruses, the within-host evolution of influenza B viruses is characterized by purifying selection and the general absence of widespread positive selection of within-host variants. Analysis of shared genetic diversity across 15 sequence-validated transmission pairs suggests that IBV experiences a tight transmission bottleneck similar to that of influenza A virus. These patterns of local-scale evolution are consistent with influenza B virus’ slower global evolutionary rate.ImportanceThe evolution of influenza virus is a significant public health problem and necessitates the annual evaluation of influenza vaccine formulation to keep pace with viral escape from herd immunity. Influenza B virus is a serious health concern for children, in particular, yet remains understudied compared to influenza A virus. Influenza B virus evolves more slowly than influenza A, but the factors underlying this are not completely understood. We studied how the within-host diversity of influenza B virus relates to its global evolution by sequencing viruses from a community-based cohort. We found that influenza B virus populations have lower within-host genetic diversity than influenza A virus and experience a tight genetic bottleneck during transmission. Our work provides insights into the varying dynamics of influenza viruses in human infection.

scholarly journals Detection and Characterization of Influenza B Virus with Reduced Neuraminidase Susceptibility in a Stem Cell Transplant Recipient

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosy Priya L Kodiyanplakkal ◽  
Jennifer M Laplante ◽  
Lars F Westblade ◽  
Koen van Besien ◽  
Mirella Salvatore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Transplant Recipient ◽  
Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Neuraminidase Inhibitor ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
B Virus

Abstract Antiviral-resistant influenza viruses in the clinical environment, especially type B, are rarely reported. A stem cell transplant recipient remained influenza B positive for two months, despite repeated antiviral treatments. Laboratory tests demonstrated the evolution and persistence of neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant influenza B virus with a substitution at codon 119.

Antibody Responses to Influenza B Viruses in Immunologically Unprimed Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 1031-1036
Author(s):  
Roland A. Levandowski ◽  
Helen L. Regnery ◽  
Eldridge Staton ◽  
B. Gail Burgess ◽  
Michael S. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Trivalent Influenza Vaccine ◽  
B Virus ◽  
High Risk Infants ◽  
Infants And Young Children

The cocirculation in several parts of the world of influenza viruses B/Yamagata/16/88 and B/Victoria/2/87, which are genetically and antigenically divergent, has prompted the question of whether immunization with one viral antigen is sufficient for protection against both strains. Twenty-three high-risk infants and young children were immunized with a commercial trivalent influenza vaccine containing the antigens of influenza virus B/Yamagata/16/88. When antibodies against influenza viruses B/Yamagata/16/88 and B/Victoria/2/87 were determined, increases developed uniformly to both in the sera of primed children previously exposed to influenza virus B/Victoria/2/87 by immunization or infection. Antibodies against B/Yamagata/16/88 developed in the sera of unprimed children with titers similar to those of the primed children. However, antibodies to B/ Victoria/2/87 were not detected in the sera of the unprimed children. These data suggest that children with out appropriate immunologic priming may not be protected against an infection with a B/Victoria/2/87 strain after vaccination with a B/Yamagata/16/88 strain. Immunization with more than one influenza B virus strain may be desirable in some high-risk pediatric patients if divergent influenza B viruses circulate.

scholarly journals Defective interfering influenza A virus protects in vivo against disease caused by a heterologous influenza B virus

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 2122-2132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Scott ◽  
Bo Meng ◽  
Anthony C. Marriott ◽  
Andrew J. Easton ◽  
Nigel J. Dimmock
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type I Ifn ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Family

Influenza A and B viruses are major human respiratory pathogens that contribute to the burden of seasonal influenza. They are both members of the family Orthomyxoviridae but do not interact genetically and are classified in different genera. Defective interfering (DI) influenza viruses have a major deletion of one or more of their eight genome segments, which renders them both non-infectious and able to interfere in cell culture with the production of infectious progeny by a genetically compatible, homologous virus. It has been shown previously that intranasal administration of a cloned DI influenza A virus, 244/PR8, protects mice from various homologous influenza A virus subtypes and that it also protects mice from respiratory disease caused by a heterologous virus belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae. The mechanisms of action in vivo differ, with homologous and heterologous protection being mediated by probable genome competition and type I interferon (IFN), respectively. In the current study, it was shown that 244/PR8 also protects against disease caused by a heterologous influenza B virus (B/Lee/40). Protection from B/Lee/40 challenge was partially eliminated in mice that did not express a functional type I IFN receptor, suggesting that innate immunity, and type I IFN in particular, are important in mediating protection against this virus. It was concluded that 244/PR8 has the ability to protect in vivo against heterologous IFN-sensitive respiratory viruses, in addition to homologous influenza A viruses, and that it acts by fundamentally different mechanisms.

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