scholarly journals On the application of the theory of dissociation of electrolyte solutions of Arrenius to electrophysiology

2020 ◽  
Vol VI (2) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
V. Chagovets
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Acute Angle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Obtuse Angle ◽  
Sharp Angle ◽  
Equal Distance ◽  
Cut Surface ◽  
Symmetrical Points

It is known that if we make a transverse cut of the muscle at a right angle to its axis, then the points located at an equal distance and symmetrical with respect to the center of the cut surface will have the same potentials, and therefore, when we move away from these places, we will not receive any current; if the cut is made with a greater or lesser sharp angle, then when two symmetrical points of such a transverse cut are retracted, one of which is closer to the obtuse one and the other to the acute angle, the current is obtained, and it turns out that the place lying at the obtuse angle is always positively in relation to lying in acute. These currents are called tilt currents.

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mediates neointimal thickness in arteriovenous fistulae with different anastomotic angles in rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 112972982199653
Author(s):  
Hualong Bai ◽  
Shunbo Wei ◽  
Boao Xie ◽  
Zhiwei Wang ◽  
Mingxing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Neointimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Acute Angle ◽  
Obtuse Angle ◽  
Enos Expression ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulae ◽  
Neointimal Thickness ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Background: It is known that the anastomotic angle can influence neointimal hyperplasia and patency in arteriovenous fistulae (AVF). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is released from the vascular endothelium and can inhibit neointimal hyperplasia. Therefore, here, we aimed to test the hypothesis that the manipulation of eNOS expression could influence neointimal thickness in a rat AVF model with different anastomosis angles. Methods: Rat carotid artery (inflow, CA) and jugular vein (outflow, JV) AVF were created with acute, blunt, or end-to-end (ETE) anastomosis angles. Aspirin was used to increase eNOS expression in the acute angle group, while N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-name) was used to decrease eNOS expression in the obtuse angle group. The rats were sacrificed on day 21, and tissues were harvested and analyzed histologically and with immunostaining. Results: A larger anastomosis diameter ( p < 0.016) and smaller neointimal area ( p < 0.01) were observed in the obtuse and end-to-end (ETE) groups compared to in the acute group. In the acute angle group, there were more proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and α-actin dual-positive cells ( p < 0.0001) and fewer phospho (p)-eNOS-positive endothelial cells ( p < 0.0001) in the neointima than in the obtuse and ETE angle groups. On treating the acute angle and blunt angle groups with aspirin and L-name, respectively, no significant differences in the neointima/lumen rate were observed ( p = 0.6526) between the groups; however, there were fewer von Willebrand factor (vWF) and p-eNOS dual-positive cells in the obtuse angle group treated with L-name ( p = 0.0045). Conclusions: We demonstrated that eNOS plays an important role in neointimal hyperplasia in AVF with different anastomosis angles; further, eNOS could potentially be used as a therapeutic target in patients with AVF in the future.

Solvation effects on the conductivity of concentrated electrolyte solutions

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (18) ◽  
pp. 2953-2966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Goldsack ◽  
Raymond Franchetto ◽  
Arlene (Anttila) Franchetto
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficient ◽  
Alkali Halide ◽  
Infinite Dilution ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Solvation Number ◽  
Parameter Equation ◽  
Conductance Data ◽  
Halide Salts

The Falkenhagen–Leist–Kelbg equation for the conductivity of electrolyte solutions has been extended to include the effect of solvation on the concentration of the salt. Two equations have been derived, both of which have only two freely adjustable parameters at any temperature: Λ0 the molar conductance of the salt at infinite dilution and H0, a solvation number parameter for the salt. In one of these equations H0 is assumed to be independent of concentration. In the other, H0 is assumed to be dependent on concentration and an explicit concentration dependent formula is derived for H0. Conductance data for the alkali halide salts in the 0.5 to 10 m concentration range and 0 to 60 °C temperature range were found to be adequately reproduced by both these equations, but with the variable hydration parameter equation yielding better fits to the data. The H0 parameters from the fixed hydration parameter equation are found to be similar to those obtained from the analysis of activity coefficient and other data whereas the variable hydration parameter equation yields H0 parameters which are much larger.

scholarly journals TIPOLOGI RUANG DAN WUJUD ARSITEKTUR MASJID TRADISIONAL KALIMANTAN SELATAN

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naimatul Aufa
Keyword(s):  
Acute Angle ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Sharp Angle ◽  
Traditional Religions ◽  
The People ◽  
Muslim People

<p class="Keywords">These days, many researches on traditional architecture of South Kalimantan focus merely on traditional settlements and houses. Particularly, the research on places of worship has been conducted in small numbers, and it is sometimes never publicized, especially in scientific magazine or journal. Meanwhile, the construction of some new mosques in South Kalimantan has no longer concerned the local architecture. This research alone aims to attain architecture’s entity as the place of worship for the people of South Kalimantan, especially for Banjarese Tribe as the majority in South Kalimantan. Traditional Banjarese Tribe is known as an islamic tribe. They used to be called Dayak Tribe since they had faith in traditional religions such as animism and dynamism. As Muslim people, they perform their prayers in a place of worship called <em>mesigid</em> (mosque). The research applies the method of case study. Based on the result of field and literature study, the architecture entity of Banjarese’s place of worship has some specific features that are different from other mosques in other regions. From the analyses, it can be concluded that the traditional mosques of South Kalimantan have three kinds of room, which are <em>palataran</em>, praying area, and <em>mihrab</em> (a chamber indicating the direction of Mecca). <em>Palataran</em> is the porch or the terrace surrounding the mosque, while the praying area and <em>mihrab</em> are rectangular. Traditional mosques in South Kalimantan have their own entity which is formed by the plan of praying area and mihrab, as well as their three layered-roof. The roof in these mosques has a sharp angle (60<sup>o</sup>) and an acute angle (20<sup>o</sup>). Furthermore, the overall entity of the mosque symbolizes <em>hayat tree</em> (Dayak Tribe), and the ornaments (<em>pataka</em>/<em>patala</em>) found on the roof top is a symbol of hornbill. Both symbols are the symbols of identity and mythology of Dayak Tribe.</p>

scholarly journals Rhombus and Rhomboid Parallelogram Patterns on Glaciers: Natural Indicators of Strain

1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (87) ◽  
pp. 247-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Waag ◽  
Keith Echelmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Acute Angle ◽  
Principal Strain ◽  
Obtuse Angle ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Glacier System ◽  
Glacier Ice

AbstractSubtle rhombus and rhomboid parallelogram patterns occur on Vaughan Lewis Glacier and the Gilkey Glacier System, Juneau Icefield, Alaska. The patterns are within the firn at the firn-ice interface, are formed by differential recrystallization within narrow preferred zones, and are apparently manifestations of stresses transferred upward from the glacier ice. On the glaciers of the Gilkey System the patterns occur where intense lateral shortening is indicated by abrupt convergence of medial moraines and an abundance of extension crevasses. The short axes of the rhombi and the obtuse angle bisectors of the rhomboids are subparallel to the strike of extension crevasses, therefore to the axis of shortening. The long axes of the rhombi and the acute angle bisectors of the rhomboids are parallel to the foliation, and ice-flow direction. The angles of the parallelograms are variable locally, but average 105° and 75°; the variation seems to reflect intensity and duration of stress. Similar parallelograms occur within the troughs of wave bulges below the Vaughan Lewis Icefall. In the wave bulges, the foliation arcs parallel the wave. The long axes of the rhombi and acute angle bisectors of the rhomboids parallel the foliation around the foliation arc. The short axes of the rhombi and the obtuse angle bisectors of the rhomboids parallel the strikes of radial crevasses, are perpendicular to the direction of extension, and form a fan divergent down-stream. The precise mechanisms and conditions of formation of the parallelograms are not yet understood. Preliminary strain-rate measurements suggest, however, that correlations exist between the orientations of the principal strain-rates and the axes of the patterns, and between the magnitude of the strain-rates and the axial lengths of the patterns.

Parakari a New Genus of the Family Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Guyana Highlands

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3032 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAROLINA NIETO ◽  
TOMÁŠ DERKA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
New Genus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Obtuse Angle ◽  
Diverse Families ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
High Level ◽  
Table Mountains

Baetidae is one of the most diverse families of Ephemeroptera. In South America this family now encompasses 27 genera and more than 130 species. The Guyana region is known for its extraordinary diversity and high level of endemism, which is, above all, remarkable at the tops of the isolated flat-topped table mountains – tepuis. Recently various international speleological expeditions to Churí-tepui explored the cave systems of this mountain. Here we describe a new genus of Baetidae recently found during the mentioned expeditions to Churí-tepui and Auyán-tepui. Parakari n. gen. can be distinguish from the other genera of this family, among other characters, in the nymphs by the absence of abdominal gills I, tarsal claws with subapical denticle larger than the others, right mandible with prostheca bifid and pectinate and with incisors positioned in obtuse angle to mola area, lingua with a tuft of setae, segment II of maxillary palpi with a concavity and a hole apically and segment II of labial palpi with a strong distomedial projection. In the adults the hind wings are absent and genitalia with segment II of forceps with a constriction, segment III elongate and long. Two new species are included in this genus; each one was collected at different tepui. A key and illustrations are included.

Polypyrrole Actuator Operating Characteristicsin Electrolyte Solution Mixed with Methanol

2013 ◽  
Vol 300-301 ◽  
pp. 1352-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Futo Tsumuji ◽  
Daiki Hoshino ◽  
Shou Ogihara ◽  
Zong Fan Duan ◽  
Yutaro Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Deformation Behaviors

In this work, a PPy actuator was fabricated by galvanostatic electropolymerization. The electrochemical deformation behaviors of the PPy actuator were investigated in aqueous solutions of an electrolyte, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide (LiTFSI), containing different concentrations of methanol. Marked improvement of the actuating strain of approximately 9% was achieved when the actuator was driven by a potential between –1 and 1 V in the LiTFSI electrolyte containing 40 to 50% of methanol under a load stress of 0. 3 MPa. On the other hand, the actuator functioned in the electrolyte solutions containing more than 60% of methanol showed rapid decrease of the actuating strain and the electrochemical creep after repeated actuations. Possible mechanisms for these behaviors were discussed.

A New Method to Measure the Absorption Coefficient of the Automotive Driving Room Based on the Sound Pressure Delaying

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 1350-1354
Author(s):  
Cong Yun Zhu ◽  
Jian Ru Shi ◽  
Shu Feng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Standing Wave ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Wave Tube ◽  
Absorption Function ◽  
Equal Distance ◽  
Standing Wave Tube

Absorption coefficient is an important parameter of the absorption function of the absorption material. Traditional measurement methods of absorption coefficient are standing wave tube and reverberation which have some shortcomings. In this paper, phase of the sound pressure measured by two equal distance microphones placed in the front of the absorption material is delayed in order to attain the absorption coefficient. At the last, an experiment for one absorption material is carried out, the experiment results compare with the results of the other methods above mentioned that denotes that the theory is correct and practicable.

Heat Transfer Model for Condensation in Non-Circular Microchannels

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhil Agarwal ◽  
Todd M. Bandhauer ◽  
Srinivas Garimella
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Acute Angle ◽  
Heat Transfer Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Tube Shape ◽  
Flow Mechanisms ◽  
Circular Microchannels

A model for predicting heat transfer during condensation of refrigerant R134a in horizontal noncircular microchannels is presented. The thermal amplification technique developed and reported in earlier work by the authors is used to measure condensation heat transfer coefficients for six non-circular microchannels (0.424 < Dh < 0.839 mm) of different shapes over the mass flux range 150 < G < 750 kg/m2-s. The channels included barrel-shaped, N-shaped, rectangular, square, and triangular extruded tubes, and a channel with a W-shaped corrugated insert that yielded triangular microchannels. Results from previous work by the authors on condensation flow mechanisms in microchannel geometries were used to interpret the results based on the applicable flow regimes. The effect of tube shape was also considered in deciding the applicable flow regime. A modified version of the annular flow based heat transfer model proposed recently by the authors for circular microchannels, with the required shear stress being calculated from a noncircular microchannel pressure drop model also reported earlier was found to best correlate the present data for square, rectangular and barrel-shaped microchannels. For the other microchannel shapes with sharp acute-angle corners, a mist flow based model from the literature on larger tubes was found to suffice for the prediction of the heat transfer data. These models predict the data significantly better than the other available correlations in the literature.

scholarly journals The hexahydrated double selenates containing thallium. Completion of the thallium salts and of the whole monoclinic series

1928 ◽  
Vol 118 (780) ◽  
pp. 393-426 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
Acute Angle ◽  
Obtuse Angle ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Nickel Cobalt ◽  
Volume Properties ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
First Time

The introduction to the preceding memoir (p. 367) applies equally to this paper, in which are described the six double selenates containing thallium as the R-metal and magnesium, ferrous iron, nickel, cobalt, manganese, and copper as the M-metal respectively. The optical and volume properties and constants of the zinc-thallium selenate are also included, as these were not determinable with the crystals described in 1909, while lately the author has obtained quite excellent crystals of this salt suitable for all purposes. While this work has been in progress a paper by L. C. Lindsley and L. M. Dennis has appeared, concerning five of these thallium double selenates, those in which the M-metal is copper, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, and manganese, which they consider to have made for the first time. This is, of course, an error, as all of them were made by the author previous to 1909, as will be clear from p. 367 of the preceding paper; but, as there stated, the crystals obtained were not of adequate perfection for complete goniometrical, optical and density measurements and determinations. Lindsley and Dennis, however, only give measurements of two angles, and these are supplementary to each other, being the acute and obtuse angles of the primary prism p {110}. They give no optical or other physical data. They found in the case of each salt an increase of about 40' in the acute angle of the prism, and a like amount of diminution of the supplementary obtuse angle, compared with the corresponding angle on the crystals of the analogous double sulphate.

Are the Obtuse Angles the Key Components of the Poggendorff Illusion?

Perception ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wenderoth ◽  
Michael Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Poggendorff Illusion ◽  
Acute Angle ◽  
Obtuse Angle ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Linear Summation ◽  
Displacement Effect ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Poggendorff Figure

An experiment is reported which confirms and extends a previous finding that amputations of the Poggendorff figure do not necessarily result in large positive effects with obtuse-angle stimuli, and small or even negative effects with acute-angle stimuli. Indeed, the acute-angle effects found were significantly greater than the obtuse-angle effects, and the full Poggendorff error was not explicable in terms of the linear summation of the component-angle effects. An ‘alignment displacement effect’ reported earlier by Hotopf and Obonai was shown to occur, but could not be an important component of the Poggendorff illusion.

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