scholarly journals Prof. Т. Flechsig: "New investigations into marrow formation in the human cerebral lobes". Neurolog. Centrablatt. 98 г. № 21.

2020 ◽  
Vol VII (4) ◽  
pp. 247-249
Author(s):  
G. Troshin
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
The Law

This article represents a response to Monakow's previous article. First, the author lists the law, according to which the fibers of the hemispheres are taxed with myelin; in general, these are the same laws as the author established for the rest of the nervous system. The first appearance of myelin fibers in the hemispheres refers to 21/2-3 months before birth; education of melin goes by precisely defined points; it is best to observe this process in infants who were born prematurely and lived for a while: premature functioning accelerates the formation of myelin mainly in projection systems, rather than in associative systems.

Asymmetry of Cerebral Function

1961 ◽  
Vol 107 (448) ◽  
pp. 431-437
Author(s):  
William Gooddy
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Factual Knowledge ◽  
Cerebral Function ◽  
Reflex Action ◽  
Steady Improvement ◽  
Morbid Anatomy ◽  
The Law

It is the custom of our times to explain neurological, and, to some extent, psychiatric disorders by reference to a static or diagrammatic conception of the physiology of the nervous system, linked with the findings of morbid anatomy. But, in the words of Riese (1950), expressed in his Principles of Neurology:“Can the behaviour of a living organism be interpreted as purely mechanical? Though the organism remains submitted to the law of mechanics and physics, and though it is to the benefit of a steady improvement of our factual knowledge to explore the mechanics to the maximum possible, we must recognize that in a living organism mechanics are not left to themselves (which means to chance), but that they are at the service of a directing agency best described as the organism's welfare. The reflex must be conceived as an instrument of this agent. All disorders analysed and described in terms of reflex action are only instrumental ones. Neither the physician's task nor his possibilities extend beyond this limit. The directing forces of the organism will be withheld forever from the physician's acting power, if only for the reason that these forces are just ideas or principles of interpretation, but not perceptible realities.”

scholarly journals Forensic neurology - the role of a neurologist in a forensic medical assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 509-513
Author(s):  
Nikola Vojvodic ◽  
Vesna Popovic ◽  
Ljubica Vojvodic ◽  
Ivan Mihaljev ◽  
Tatjana Atanasijevic
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Medical Assessment ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Processing Ability ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
The Law

Forensic neurology is tasked with assessing the consequences of injuries as applied to different situations that interface with the law based on the understanding of nervous system functioning and the mechanisms of neurological diseases. In this article, based on our own experiences, we have tried to highlight the areas of forensic medicine in which the findings and the expert opinion of a neurologist were not only important, but also crucial for making fair judicial decisions. Our intention was to encourage more efforts to establish and expand the role of neurologists in certain areas, foremostly the expertise of responsibility and accountability of a crime perpetrators, as well as determining their processing ability.

Codification and Tax Law: On the Need for Separate Sources of Income in Respect of Employee and Self-Employed Taxpayers

1984 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 440-494
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Edrey
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Present State ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Special Category

In our previous article we dealt with the definition of employee for income tax purposes. We concluded that in the present state of the law in Israel the courts are obliged to depart from the accepted definition of this term as applied in labour law and the law of torts and develop an independent functional test more suitable to tax law. We stressed that this conclusion was based on the existing law in Israel, namely the provisions on the Income Tax Ordinance, which treats taxpayers who are employees as a special category.In the present article we wish to look at the problem from the broader perspective of the lex ferenda. Our remarks are addressed primarily to legislators and policy-makers, and not, as the previous article, to the courts and the tax ordinance commentators.

Rhythm in the 2nd part of Wasyl Barka’s book ‘Ocean’ (mixed trochee)

2021 ◽  
pp. 146-159
Author(s):  
Ya. V. Khodakivska
Keyword(s):  
Previous Article ◽  
Diagram Method ◽  
Equal Strength ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
The Law

The article is dedicated the verse rhythm in the second part of the book “Ocean” by the Ukrainian poet Vasyl Barka (1979). The rhythm of the first part (iambic) was investigated in our previous article. The meter of the second part of the book is a mixed trochee, the scheme of which is 5454. The stresses in the poetic lines were counted and the rhythm profiles of the trochaic tetrameter and the trochaic pentameter were plotted. The rhythm diagram method developed by Taranovsky, Gasparov (for Russian verse) was used to compare Barka’s verses with Ukrainian and Russian verses. To illustrate the trends in Ukrainian verse, our calculations of the verse of Stus and Andrukhovich were also used. The results of the research showed that the character of Barka’s rhythm is unique; it has no correspondence either in Ukrainian or in Russian verses. In the rhythm of Barka’s poem, ‘the law of regressive dissimilation’, discovered by Taranovsky and extrapolated to the Ukrainian verse by Kostenko, does not work. That is, there is no alternation of strong and weak foot. Barka in trochee avoids full-accented lines, which are commonly used by Ukrainian and Russian poets. The set of rhythmic forms of verse differs from other poets. The drawing of the diagrams is also different. For a trochaic pentameter, this is a “bucket”, with strong 2nd and 5th feet and weak 3rd and 4th feet. And for a trochaic tetrameter, this is an almost equal strength of the first three feet and a strong last foot. A rhythm, approximately similar to that of Barka, was revealed only in Goethe’s verse for a trochaic pentameter and in Schiller’s verse for a trochaic tetrameter (according to Taranovsky). Given the unique nature of the iambic rhythm and rhyme in Barka’s verse, we consider it promising to search for the factors that determined Barka’s poetics.

More on the Depositary of International Treaties

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 838-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabtai Rosenne
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
Vienna Convention ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Law ◽  
International Law Commission ◽  
Law Commission ◽  
Made In

The purpose of this article is to bring up to date the present writer’s previous article on “The Depositary of International Treaties” published in this Journal, in the light of the deliberations of the United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties in 1968 and 1969 and the changes there made in the texts. The relevant provisions now appear as Articles 76, 77 and 78 of the so-called Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, corresponding to Articles 71, 72 and 73 of the draft articles on the law of treaties of the International Law Commission.

THE UNITARY BEHAVIOR OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

1931 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-109
Author(s):  
Frank Allen
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
The Senses ◽  
The Law ◽  
Straight Lines

The investigations of the writer and his associates have shown that the responses of the organs of vision, hearing, touch, taste, temperature and pain, when stimulated, follow the same type of law, which states that some measure of the response is proportional to the logarithm of the intensity of stimulation. It has also been determined that the contraction of the muscles of the arm, the secretion of saliva, the learning process, the production of heat and the action currents in nerves, likewise conform to the same law. In every case the graphs obtained consist of two or more intersecting straight lines which indicate that, at intensities corresponding to the points of intersection, the response of the stimulated organ abruptly alters in magnitude. These changes in magnitude are due to an alteration of the balance between the reflex actions of inhibition and facilitation. Thus all the neural actions controlling the senses, muscles, glands, and probably the mental processes as well, have the same characteristic behavior.The Weber-Fechner law has also been investigated and found to be valid in the senses of vision and taste. In the senses of learning and touch the law does not hold, but a somewhat different law was discovered that does apply.

Undue Intrusion on Parties’ Autonomy Finally Amended: An Observation of Article 51 of the Jordanian Arbitration Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-208
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohammad Al-Hawamdeh ◽  
Ahmad Abed Alla Alhusban
Keyword(s):  
Previous Article ◽  
Arbitration Clause ◽  
The Law

Abstract Before its amendment in 2018, Article 51 of the Jordanian Arbitration Law stated that: ‘if the court nullifies the award, consequently it would render the arbitration agreement nullified’. The newly amendment Article 51 of the Jordanian Arbitration Law reads: ‘If the Court of Cassation […] nullifies the award that should not result in nullifying the arbitration clause unless the arbitration agreement is itself void’. Here we argue that the new amendment was long due as the previous Article unduly intruded on parties’ autonomy. This article was originally submitted before the 2018 amendment of the law and the exact wording of what the article originally suggested was adopted by the new law.

Neurotropic enteroviruses co-opt “fair-weather-friend” commensal gut microbiota to drive host infection and central nervous system disturbances

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Abstract Some neurotropic enteroviruses hijack Trojan horse/raft commensal gut bacteria to render devastating biomimicking cryptic attacks on human/animal hosts. Such virus-microbe interactions manipulate hosts’ gut-brain axes with accompanying infection-cycle-optimizing central nervous system (CNS) disturbances, including severe neurodevelopmental, neuromotor, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Co-opted bacteria thus indirectly influence host health, development, behavior, and mind as possible “fair-weather-friend” symbionts, switching from commensal to context-dependent pathogen-like strategies benefiting gut-bacteria fitness.

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