Undue Intrusion on Parties’ Autonomy Finally Amended: An Observation of Article 51 of the Jordanian Arbitration Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-208
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohammad Al-Hawamdeh ◽  
Ahmad Abed Alla Alhusban
Keyword(s):  
Previous Article ◽  
Arbitration Clause ◽  
The Law

Abstract Before its amendment in 2018, Article 51 of the Jordanian Arbitration Law stated that: ‘if the court nullifies the award, consequently it would render the arbitration agreement nullified’. The newly amendment Article 51 of the Jordanian Arbitration Law reads: ‘If the Court of Cassation […] nullifies the award that should not result in nullifying the arbitration clause unless the arbitration agreement is itself void’. Here we argue that the new amendment was long due as the previous Article unduly intruded on parties’ autonomy. This article was originally submitted before the 2018 amendment of the law and the exact wording of what the article originally suggested was adopted by the new law.

scholarly journals Arbitration clause for an arbitral tribunal in Poland based on Art. 33 CMR Convention

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Rafał Adamus
Keyword(s):  
Complex Nature ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Arbitral Tribunal ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Arbitration Clause ◽  
Legal Relationship ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Uniform Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Given

In matters that are subject to the CMR Convention, under the rule of Art. 33 of this Convention, the arbitration court is obliged, first, to apply the CMR Convention and it is not permissible to apply, in place of the scope of the CMR Convention, another legal order or extra-legal principles. Secondly, as far as it results from the CMR Convention, the arbitration court should apply the applicable national law. Thirdly, the arbitration court settles the dispute according to the law applicable to a given relationship, and when the parties have expressly authorized it – in compliance with general principles of law or principles of equity. Fourthly, the arbitral tribunal takes into consideration the provisions of the contract and the established habits applicable to the given legal relationship. The arbitration agreement regarding the dispute subject to the CMR Convention will therefore be of a complex nature due to the requirement of Art. 33 of the CMR Convention as to the indication that a uniform law applies in arbitration proceedings – the subject of inter-city agreement. The parties should indicate the following in the content of the arbitration clause: 1) obligatory CMR convention, as required by Art. 33 CMR Convention 2) optional national law to which the CMR Convention refers, and in the absence of such an indication, the arbitration court will apply the law applicable to a given legal relationship, and possibly another national law to which the CMR Convention does not refer, although such a solution would be a source of many complications or general legal principles or rules of equity. For practical reasons, it is worth taking into account other issues, such as the language of the proceedings, in the arbitration clause.

scholarly journals Penyelesaian Sengketa Para Pihak di Bidang Bisnis melalui Arbitrase

to-ra ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Nurdin Siregar ◽  
Radisman Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Core ◽  
Arbitration Clause ◽  
Good For ◽  
The Law ◽  
Core Issues ◽  
Made In

Arbitration is a way of solving civil disputes outside the public courts based the arbitration agreement made in writing by the parties to the dispute. The arbitration agreement is an agreement in the form of the arbitration clause contained in a written agreement made by the parties before a dispute arises or a separate arbitration agreement made by the parties after a dispute arises. In everyday life with various activities of members of today’s society, immense possibility of friction-friction in running business and trade that ended with disputes between members of the public and businesses. In efforts to completion, it would seem that this form of dispute diversity define the core issues then this diversity will be easy settlement with the provisions and rules of law that are sure to be able to look for the solution either arbitration or by mediation, consulting, negotiations, konsialiasi. The arbitration decision will be implemented after the verdict copy officially registered, but the arbitration ruling in accordance with the provisions of the law Arbitration can still be filed annulment if the decision is thought to contain elements, letters or documents are filed in the examination after the verdict recognized dinyataakan counterfeit or fake, after adjudication documents found prescriptive, which is hidden by the other party or the decision taken on the results of a ruse conducted by one of the parties in the dispute. That for legal certainty associated with the judiciary also good for the winning side and the decision is legally binding.   Kata Kunci: Penyelesaian sengketa bisnis melalui arbitrase  

scholarly journals THE EXAMINATION OF COMPETENCE: COMPETENCE IN INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Homayoun Mafi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Khademi
Keyword(s):  
Competent Authority ◽  
Competency Assessment ◽  
Arbitral Tribunal ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Commercial Arbitration ◽  
International Commercial Arbitration ◽  
Arbitration Clause ◽  
The Law

The arbitration clause implies the agreement of the parties' will to concede (assign) the existing or future dispute into arbitration, thus, in accordance with the law, the inevitable basis is to establish the referee's authority and jurisdiction and the influence of his/her verdict. Therefore, the formation of a court of arbitration and the issuance of a ruling requires that the existence and the validity of the contract of referral the matter to arbitration is acceptable to the parties. Although the parties may find a dispute (difference) in the existence and validity of the arbitration agreement, it is also likely that one of the parties denies or invalidates the existence of the arbitration agreement. In such a hypothesis, the formation of an arbitration authority and its review will entail consideration of the dispute before it. For this reason, one of the important issues that may arise in arbitration is the determination of the competent authority dealing with a dispute that may arise between the parties as to the existence or validity of the arbitration convention or jurisdiction. The issue of competency assessment (Competence - Competence), which improves the efficiency of the arbitral institution, can be seen in the most legal systems. Whether the arbitral tribunal has the merit of deciding whether to qualify under the terms of the arbitral agreement is a question that has long been addressed in the arbitration law as the competence to determine jurisdiction

Codification and Tax Law: On the Need for Separate Sources of Income in Respect of Employee and Self-Employed Taxpayers

1984 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 440-494
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Edrey
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Present State ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Special Category

In our previous article we dealt with the definition of employee for income tax purposes. We concluded that in the present state of the law in Israel the courts are obliged to depart from the accepted definition of this term as applied in labour law and the law of torts and develop an independent functional test more suitable to tax law. We stressed that this conclusion was based on the existing law in Israel, namely the provisions on the Income Tax Ordinance, which treats taxpayers who are employees as a special category.In the present article we wish to look at the problem from the broader perspective of the lex ferenda. Our remarks are addressed primarily to legislators and policy-makers, and not, as the previous article, to the courts and the tax ordinance commentators.

Rhythm in the 2nd part of Wasyl Barka’s book ‘Ocean’ (mixed trochee)

2021 ◽  
pp. 146-159
Author(s):  
Ya. V. Khodakivska
Keyword(s):  
Previous Article ◽  
Diagram Method ◽  
Equal Strength ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
The Law

The article is dedicated the verse rhythm in the second part of the book “Ocean” by the Ukrainian poet Vasyl Barka (1979). The rhythm of the first part (iambic) was investigated in our previous article. The meter of the second part of the book is a mixed trochee, the scheme of which is 5454. The stresses in the poetic lines were counted and the rhythm profiles of the trochaic tetrameter and the trochaic pentameter were plotted. The rhythm diagram method developed by Taranovsky, Gasparov (for Russian verse) was used to compare Barka’s verses with Ukrainian and Russian verses. To illustrate the trends in Ukrainian verse, our calculations of the verse of Stus and Andrukhovich were also used. The results of the research showed that the character of Barka’s rhythm is unique; it has no correspondence either in Ukrainian or in Russian verses. In the rhythm of Barka’s poem, ‘the law of regressive dissimilation’, discovered by Taranovsky and extrapolated to the Ukrainian verse by Kostenko, does not work. That is, there is no alternation of strong and weak foot. Barka in trochee avoids full-accented lines, which are commonly used by Ukrainian and Russian poets. The set of rhythmic forms of verse differs from other poets. The drawing of the diagrams is also different. For a trochaic pentameter, this is a “bucket”, with strong 2nd and 5th feet and weak 3rd and 4th feet. And for a trochaic tetrameter, this is an almost equal strength of the first three feet and a strong last foot. A rhythm, approximately similar to that of Barka, was revealed only in Goethe’s verse for a trochaic pentameter and in Schiller’s verse for a trochaic tetrameter (according to Taranovsky). Given the unique nature of the iambic rhythm and rhyme in Barka’s verse, we consider it promising to search for the factors that determined Barka’s poetics.

More on the Depositary of International Treaties

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 838-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabtai Rosenne
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
Vienna Convention ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Law ◽  
International Law Commission ◽  
Law Commission ◽  
Made In

The purpose of this article is to bring up to date the present writer’s previous article on “The Depositary of International Treaties” published in this Journal, in the light of the deliberations of the United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties in 1968 and 1969 and the changes there made in the texts. The relevant provisions now appear as Articles 76, 77 and 78 of the so-called Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, corresponding to Articles 71, 72 and 73 of the draft articles on the law of treaties of the International Law Commission.

scholarly journals Prof. Т. Flechsig: "New investigations into marrow formation in the human cerebral lobes". Neurolog. Centrablatt. 98 г. № 21.

2020 ◽  
Vol VII (4) ◽  
pp. 247-249
Author(s):  
G. Troshin
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
The Law

This article represents a response to Monakow's previous article. First, the author lists the law, according to which the fibers of the hemispheres are taxed with myelin; in general, these are the same laws as the author established for the rest of the nervous system. The first appearance of myelin fibers in the hemispheres refers to 21/2-3 months before birth; education of melin goes by precisely defined points; it is best to observe this process in infants who were born prematurely and lived for a while: premature functioning accelerates the formation of myelin mainly in projection systems, rather than in associative systems.

scholarly journals UNDANG-UNDANG KEPAILITAN DAN PENUNDAAN KEWAJIBAN PEMBAYARAN UTANG NO 37 TH 2004 MENGESAMPINGKAN BERLAKUNYA ASAS PACTA SUNT SERVANDA DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KEPAILITAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahayu Hartini
Keyword(s):  
Legal Issue ◽  
Basic Rule ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Legal Argument ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Return Policies ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Arbitration Clause ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legal Guidelines

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>This study was to formulate a concept of return policies / principles of the law of "pacta sunt servanda" in Law No. 37 Year 2004 regarding Bankruptcy in bankruptcy to resolve disputes arbitration clause. By promoting legal issue: Why the provisions of Article 303 of Law No. 37 Year 2004 on Bankruptcy and PKPU basic rule "pacta sunt servanda" in a bankruptcy dispute resolution by arbitration clause. Research is normative juridical approach the statutory (statute approach), histrorical approach, conceptual approach and case approach. Basingon: doctrine, theory and principles of law and reasoning/logic of the law as a legal argument. From the discussion of the research results obtained conclusions; that Article 303 of Law No. 37 In 2004 the basic rule pacta sunt servanda occurrence in bankruptcy solutions that are its arbitration clause. The principle is metanorma should be legal guidelines for each product that has never been out of the occurrence of any legal basis. (1).Pasal 303,UUK afflicted materil law, when it is left actually dangerous because it can cause legal uncertainty which may result in less used existing legal rules(Article 303 UUK, an article that "kebablasan wrong/confused".(2).Position agreement with the law is the same, meaning that the agreement in this case in particular the provisions of the Arbitration clause made by the party should be the same as in the case of the Law on Bankruptcy.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Key Words: </em></strong><em>Bankruptcy, delay debt payment obligations(PKPU), Basis of pacta sunt servanda (PSS)</em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Penelitian ini untuk merumuskan kembali suatu konsep dasar/prinsip hukum “Pacta Sunt Servanda” dalam UU No. 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dalam menyelesaikan sengketa pailit dengan klausula arbitrase. Dengan mengedepankan legal issue;Mengapa ketentuan Pasal 303 UU No. 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan PKPU mengesampingkan asas “Pacta Sunt Servanda” dalam penyelesaian sengketa pailit dengan klausul arbitrase. Merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundangan-undangan (statute approach), histrorical approach, conceptual approach dan case approach. Mendasarkan pada: doktrin, teori dan prinsip hukum dengan penalaran/logika hukum sebagai argumentasi hukum. Dari pembahasan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan;bahwa Pasal 303 UU No. 37 Tahun 2004 mengesampingkan berlakunya asas Pacta Sunt Servanda dalam penyelesaian masalah kepailitanyang ada klausul arbitrase-nya. Azas merupakan metanorma yang harus dijadikan pedoman bagi setiap produk hukum agar tidak pernah keluar dari berlakunya asas hukum. (1).Pasal 303 UUK mengalami cacat hokummateril, apabila hal ini dibiarkan justru berbahaya karena dapat menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum yang dapat berdampak pada kurang bermanfaatnya aturan hukum yang ada (Pasal 303 UUK, merupakan Pasal yang “kebablasan/salah/keliru”.(2).Posisi perjanjian dengan undang-undang adalah sama/sederajad, artinya perjanjian dalam hal ini khususnya ketentuan mengenai Klausul Arbitrase yang dibuat oleh para pihak seharusnya sama berlakunyaseperti halnya UU Kepailitan.</p>Kata kunci: Kepailitan, PKPU Asas Pacta Sunt Servanda (PSS)

scholarly journals UNDANG-UNDANG KEPAILITAN DAN PENUNDAAN KEWAJIBAN PEMBAYARAN UTANG NO 37 TH 2004 MENGESAMPINGKAN BERLAKUNYA ASAS PACTA SUNT SERVANDA DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KEPAILITAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahayu Hartini ,
Keyword(s):  
Legal Issue ◽  
Basic Rule ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Legal Argument ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Return Policies ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Arbitration Clause ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legal Guidelines

<h4>Abstract</h4> <p><em>This study was to formulate a concept of return policies / principles of the law of "pacta sunt servanda" in Law No. 37 Year 2004 regarding Bankruptcy in bankruptcy to resolve disputes arbitration clause. By promoting legal issue: Why the provisions of Article 303 of Law No. 37 Year 2004 on Bankruptcy and PKPU basic rule "pacta sunt servanda" in a bankruptcy dispute resolution by arbitration clause. Research is normative juridical approach the statutory (statute approach), histrorical approach, conceptual approach and case approach. Basingon: doctrine, theory and principles of law and reasoning/logic of the law as a legal argument. From the discussion of the research results obtained conclusions; that Article 303 of Law No. 37 In 2004 the basic rule pacta sunt servanda occurrence in bankruptcy solutions that are its arbitration clause. The principle is metanorma should be legal guidelines for each product that has never been out of the occurrence of any legal basis. (1).Pasal 303,UUK afflicted materil law, when it is left actually dangerous because it can cause legal uncertainty which may result in less used existing legal rules(Article 303 UUK, an article that "kebablasan wrong/confused".(2).Position agreement with the law is the same, meaning that the agreement in this case in particular the provisions of the Arbitration clause made by the party should be the same as in the case of the Law on Bankruptcy.</em><em> </em></p> <p><strong><em>Key Words: </em></strong><em>Bankruptcy, delay debt payment obligations(PKPU), Basis of pacta sunt servanda (PSS)</em><em></em></p> <p><em> </em></p> <h3>Abstrak</h3> <p>Penelitian ini untuk merumuskan kembali suatu konsep dasar/prinsip hukum “Pacta Sunt Servanda” dalam UU No. 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dalam menyelesaikan sengketa pailit dengan klausula arbitrase. Dengan mengedepankan legal issue;Mengapa ketentuan Pasal 303 UU No. 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan PKPU mengesampingkan asas “Pacta Sunt Servanda” dalam penyelesaian sengketa pailit dengan klausul arbitrase. Merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundangan-undangan (statute approach), histrorical approach, conceptual approach dan case approach. Mendasarkan pada: doktrin, teori dan prinsip hukum dengan penalaran/logika hukum sebagai argumentasi hukum. Dari pembahasan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan;bahwa Pasal 303 UU No. 37 Tahun 2004 mengesampingkan berlakunya asas Pacta Sunt Servanda dalam penyelesaian masalah kepailitanyang ada klausul arbitrase-nya. Azas merupakan metanorma yang harus dijadikan pedoman bagi setiap produk hukum agar tidak pernah keluar dari berlakunya asas hukum. (1).Pasal 303 UUK mengalami cacat hokummateril, apabila hal ini dibiarkan justru berbahaya karena dapat menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum yang dapat berdampak pada kurang bermanfaatnya aturan hukum yang ada (Pasal 303 UUK, merupakan Pasal yang “kebablasan/salah/keliru”.(2).Posisi perjanjian dengan undang-undang adalah sama/sederajad, artinya perjanjian dalam hal ini khususnya ketentuan mengenai Klausul Arbitrase yang dibuat oleh para pihak seharusnya sama berlakunyaseperti halnya UU Kepailitan.</p> <p>Kata kunci: Kepailitan, PKPU  Asas Pacta Sunt Servanda (PSS)</p>

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