A.F. De Mezer Posthumous changes in nerve cells, detected by staining according to Nissl. —University Izvestiya. 1900, August, No.8

1901 ◽  
Vol IX (1) ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
B. Vorotynsky
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
The University

The work was carried out in the laboratory of the pathological anatomical institute of the University of St. Vladimira. First, the author describes the structure of the nerve cell, which is detected by staining by the Nissl method, and he separately stops at describing the structure of the processes, nucleus and nucleolus.

Modeling the spatiotemporal intracellular calcium dynamics in nerve cell with strong memory effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardik Joshi ◽  
Brajesh Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Classical Case ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Calcium Dynamics ◽  
Intracellular Calcium Level ◽  
Calbindin D ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fractional Parameter

Abstract Calcium signaling in nerve cells is a crucial activity for the human brain to execute a diversity of its functions. An alteration in the signaling process leads to cell death. To date, several attempts registered to study the calcium distribution in nerve cells like neurons, astrocytes, etc. in the form of the integer-order model. In this paper, a fractional-order mathematical model to study the spatiotemporal profile of calcium in nerve cells is assembled and analyzed. The proposed model is solved by the finite element method for space derivative and finite difference method for time derivative. The classical case of the calcium dynamics model is recovered by setting the fractional parameter and that validates the model for classical sense. The numerical computations have systematically presented the impact of a fractional parameter on nerve cells. It is observed that calbindin-D28k provides a significant effect on the spatiotemporal variation of calcium profile due to the amalgamation of the memory of nerve cells. The presence of excess amounts of calbindin-D28k controls the intracellular calcium level and prevents the nerve cell from toxicity.

Nucleoprotein in the Nerve Cells of Mental Patients: A Critical Remark

1949 ◽  
Vol 95 (398) ◽  
pp. 180-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meyer ◽  
M. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Remark ◽  
Apical Process ◽  
Brain Material ◽  
Schizophrenic Group ◽  
Recent Monograph

Hydén and Hartelius in a recent monograph (1) described nerve cell abnormalities which they consider to be characteristic of mental disease. Their investigations were based on biopsies obtained during prefrontal leucotomy carried out in 11 psychotic patients, 10 of whom belonged to the schizophrenic group. The biopsies were investigated by means of the ultraviolet microscope and the results compared with brain material from normal patients fixed a few hours after death. Two types of abnormal nerve cells were found in the psychotic patients: one type is narrow and shrunken with corkscrew-shaped apical process and appears dark in the photographs in contrast to the other type which is swollen and appears light in the photographs. Both these cells lacked polynucleotides in their cell bodies and contained only a small amount of other protein substances, as shown by the ultraviolet absorption spectra.

Calcium Signals in Nerve Cells

Physiology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Kostyuk ◽  
AV Tepikin
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Calcium Signals ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Ca Ions

Increases in intracellular Ca ions follow each cycle of nerve cell activity. Sources of Ca are voltage- and receptor-operated membrane ion channels and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Ca release from ER can be triggered by different second messengers, and uptake into the ER can terminate the Ca signal.

On the Excitation Processes of the Conscious and Subconscious Mind

1929 ◽  
Vol 75 (310) ◽  
pp. 371-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Burridge
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Excitable Tissue ◽  
Excitation Processes ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain

Studies of the mind of man and of the heart of the frog, though normally deeply divided, can be bridged when two postulates are granted. The first postulate is that the quality of excitability, on which nerve-cell activity is based, can be studied in any other excitable tissue; the second is that mental activity, as we know it, depends on the presence of excitable nerve-cells in the brain. The postulates being granted, it becomes legitimate to apply the results of experiments on excitability performed with the frog's heart in explanation of the mode of working of the brain and mind.

Developmental neurobiology of hydra, a model animal of cnidarians

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 1678-1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Koizumi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Nerve Ring ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Developmental Neurobiology ◽  
Nerve Net ◽  
Model Animal ◽  
Nerve Cell Differentiation

Hydra belongs to the class Hydrozoa in the phylum Cnidaria. Hydra is a model animal whose cellular and developmental data are the most abundant among cnidarians. Hence, I discuss the developmental neurobiology of hydra. The hydra nerve net is a mosaic of neural subsets expressing a specific neural phenotype. The developmental dynamics of the nerve cells are unique. Neurons are produced continuously by differentiation from interstitial multipotent stem cells. These neurons are continuously displaced outwards along with epithelial cells and are sloughed off at the extremities. However, the spatial distribution of each neural subset is maintained. Mechanisms related to these phenomena, i.e., the position-dependent changes in neural phenotypes, are proposed. Nerve-net formation in hydra can be examined in various experimental systems. The conditions of nerve-net formation vary among the systems, so we can clarify the control factors at the cellular level by comparing nerve-net formation in different systems. By large-scale screening of peptide signal molecules, peptide molecules related to nerve-cell differentiation have been identified. The LPW family, composed of four members sharing common N-terminal L(or I)PW, inhibits nerve-cell differentiation in hydra. In contrast, Hym355 (FPQSFLPRG-NH3) activates nerve differentiation in hydra. LPWs are epitheliopeptides, whereas Hym355 is a neuropeptide. In the hypostome of hydra, a unique neuronal structure, the nerve ring, is observed. This structure shows the nerve association of neurites. Exceptionally, the tissue containing the nerve ring shows no tissue displacement during the tissue flow that involves the whole body. The neurons in the nerve ring show little turnover, although nerve cells in all other regions turn over continuously. These associations and quiet dynamics lead me to think that the nerve ring has features similar to those of the central nervous system in higher animals.

Control of nerve cell formation from multipotent stem cells in Hydra

1979 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Berking
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Endogenous Inhibitor ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Short Signal ◽  
Time Of Feeding

Feeding of starved animals provides a very short signal which determines stem cells to differentiate into nerve cells after the next mitosis. Only those stem cells become determined which are just in the middle of their S-phase at the time of feeding. Stem cells of any other stage of the cycle do not become determined. Nerve cell determination is suppressed by very low concentrations of an endogenous inhibitor. The inhibitor exerts its effect only during the first half of the S-phase, not before and not after this period. Based on these finding it is proposed that stem cells are susceptible to 2 different signals during the first half of their S-phase; one signal allows the development into nerve cells, the other prevents this development. Within this period the decision whether to become a nerve cell or not is reversible. It becomes fixed at the end of this period.

Nerve cells of Drosophila Notch mutant are differentiated inside amphibian brain: a new approach for the analysis of genetic control of nerve cell differentiation

Genetica ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Korochkin ◽  
S. Saveliev ◽  
A. Ivanov ◽  
M. Evgeniev ◽  
N. Bessova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Nerve Cell Differentiation

scholarly journals CHANGES IN THE BASE COMPOSITION OF NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEIC ACID OF NEURONS DURING A SHORT PERIOD OF ENHANCED PROTEIN PRODUCTION

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Hydén ◽  
Endre Egyházi
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Rna Content ◽  
Cytoplasmic Rna ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Purine Pyrimidine

Nuclei from isolated nerve cells were sampled by microdissection. The content and composition of the nuclear RNA was studied and compared with that of the cytoplasmic RNA of Deiters' nerve cells of rabbits. Analyses were made of control nerve cells and of cells in which an enhanced RNA and protein production had been induced by chemical means, tricyano-amino-propene, for 60 minutes. The nuclear RNA content of the control nerve cells was 56 µµg, i.e. 3 per cent of the total RNA content of the nerve cell. The base ratios were: adenine 21.3, guanine 26.6, cytosine 30.8, uracil 21.3. Purine-pyrimidine analyses showed that the nuclear RNA differed significantly from the cytoplasmic RNA in having higher adenine and uracil values. The guanine and cytosine values were high, however, and the ratio G/C was 0.86 as compared with 1.16 for the cytoplasmic RNA. The composition of the nuclear RNA was interpreted as reflecting the extraordinarily strong development of the nucleolus in these neurons. During the 60 minutes of enhanced neuronal RNA production (+25 per cent) the guanine value increased and the uracil value decreased significantly in the nuclear RNA. In the cytoplasmic RNA the guanine value also increased although not so much as the nuclear guanine. The cytoplasmic cytosine value decreased. The result indicated that the production of the characteristic cytoplasmic RNA had been influenced by the change in the nuclear RNA

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