A comparative evaluation of antimicrobial eye drops cytotoxicity

In addition to the spectrum of antibacterial activity of antimicrobial medicines and their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, their safety is also an important issue. Currently, there is no consensus on the fluoroquinolone toxicity. The purpose of this study was to compare in vitro the overall cytotoxic effect of six antibacterial fluoroquinolone eye drops: 1. Cipromed™ (ciprofloxacin 0.3 %; Sentiss Pharma Pvt. Ltd., India); 2. Floxal™ (ofloxacin 0.3 %; Dr. Gerhard Mann, Chem.-Pharm. Fabrik GmbH, Germany); 3. Oftaquix™ (levofloxacin 0.5 %; Santen Oy, Finland); 4. Signicef® (levofloxacin 0.5 %; Sentiss Pharma Pvt. Ltd., India); 5. Vigamox® (moxifloxacin 0.5 %; Alcon Laboratories, Inc., USA); 6. Zymar® (gatifloxacin 0.3 %; Allergan Sales LLC, USA). The study showed the possibility of using cultured cells for comparative evaluation of cytotoxic effects of various ophthalmic preparations. We found that tested antimicrobial medicines may have a cytostatic effect in vitro and differ in their cytotoxic potential.

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New Bioactive Sesquiterpeniods From the Plant Endophytic Fungus Pestalotiopsis theae

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.641504 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Gaoran Liu ◽

Ruiyun Huo ◽

Yanan Zhai ◽

Ling Liu

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Endophytic Fungus ◽

Spectroscopic Data ◽

Mcf7 Cell ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Electronic Circular Dichroism

Three new secondary metabolites pestalothenins A–C (1–3), including two new humulane-derived sesquiterpeniods (1 and 2) and one new caryophyllene-derived sesquiterpeniod (3), together with five known compounds (4–8) were isolated from the crude extract of the plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis theae (N635). Their structures were elucidated by the extensive analyses of HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of 1–3 were determined by comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. The cytotoxic effects of these compounds were evaluated in vitro. Compound 6 showed moderate cytotoxicity against T24 and MCF7 cell lines. In addition, compounds 1–8 were also evaluated for antibacterial activity.

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Cytopathogenic Effect of Trichomonas vaginalis on Human Vaginal Epithelial Cells Cultured In Vitro

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.68.7.4200-4206.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 68 (7) ◽

pp. 4200-4206 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

R. O. Gilbert ◽

G. Elia ◽

D. H. Beach ◽

Suzanne Klaessig ◽

B. N. Singh

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽

Cultured Cells ◽

Primary Cultures ◽

Cell Monolayer ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Permeable Membrane ◽

Vaginal Epithelial Cells ◽

Vaginal Fibroblasts

ABSTRACT In this study we established human vaginal epithelial cells (hVECs) in culture and evaluated their interaction with Trichomonas vaginalis parasites to complement previous studies using other cell types. Primary cultures of hVECs were established. Contaminating fibroblasts were separated from epithelial cells by differential trypsinization. Specific antibody staining revealed that over 92% of cells in hVEC monolayers were epithelial cells. T. vaginalis adhered to hVECs and produced severe cytotoxic effects resulting in obliteration of the monolayer within 24 h. Adherence and cytotoxicity were not observed when T. vaginalis was exposed to human vaginal fibroblasts or bovine vaginal epithelial cells. Likewise, the bovine parasite Tritrichomonas foetushad no cytotoxic effects on hVECs. We concluded that the interaction between T. vaginalis and hVECs is both cell specific (limited to epithelial cells and not vaginal fibroblasts) and species specific (limited to human vaginal cells and not bovine cells). Pretreatment of T. vaginalis with metronidazole or periodate abolished the adhesion of parasites to cell monolayers and the cytotoxic effect, suggesting involvement of carbohydrate-containing molecules in these processes. Different clinical isolates of T. vaginalis caused damage to cultured cells at different rates. Parasites separated from the vaginal cell monolayer by a permeable membrane did not produce a cytopathic effect, suggesting contact-dependent cytotoxicity.

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Drug features that contribute to the activity of quinolones against mammalian topoisomerase II and cultured cells: correlation between enhancement of enzyme-mediated DNA cleavage in vitro and cytotoxic potential.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.37.10.2179 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 37 (10) ◽

pp. 2179-2186 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

S H Elsea ◽

P R McGuirk ◽

T D Gootz ◽

M Moynihan ◽

N Osheroff

Keyword(s):

Dna Cleavage ◽

Topoisomerase Ii ◽

Cultured Cells ◽

Cytotoxic Potential

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The effect of 2D tungsten disulfide nanoparticles on Lewis lung carcinoma cells in vitro

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d1ra01469b ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (27) ◽

pp. 16142-16150

Author(s):

D. L. Kolesnik ◽

O. N. Pyaskovskaya ◽

O. P. Gnatyuk ◽

V. V. Cherepanov ◽

S. O. Karakhim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Carcinoma ◽

Lewis Lung Carcinoma ◽

Cytotoxic Effect ◽

Carcinoma Cells ◽

Lewis Lung ◽

Cytostatic Effect ◽

Lung Carcinoma Cells ◽

Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells ◽

Blue Spectral Region

WS2 2D nanoparticles show no cytotoxic and/or cytostatic effect on Lewis lung carcinoma cells after one day incubation. Only after two days incubation we registered cytotoxic effect. Cells incubated with 2D WS2 nanoparticles have luminescence in the blue spectral region.

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Antibacterial Activity of Ikarugamycin against Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells In Vitro Infection Model

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10100958 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 958

Author(s):

Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed ◽

Erkihun Aklilu ◽

Khalid M. Mohammedsalih ◽

Adewole A. Adekola ◽

Ahmed Elmontaser Mergani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bactericidal Activity ◽

Cytotoxic Effect ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽

Mammary Epithelial ◽

Infection Model ◽

Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Staphylococcus aureus is an ubiquitous and versatile pathogen associated with a wide range of diseases. In animals, this bacterium is one of the causative agents of bovine mastitis, responsible for huge economic losses in the dairy industry. Besides the development of antibiotic resistance, the intracellular survival of S. aureus within udder cells has rendered many antibiotics ineffective, leading to therapeutic failure. Our study therefore aims to investigate the in vitro bactericidal activity of ikarugamycin (IKA) against intracellular S. aureus using a bovine mammary epithelial cells (Mac-T cells) infection model and determine the cytotoxic effect. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was used to determine the antibacterial activity of IKA, and Mac-T cells were infected with S. aureus using gentamicin protection assay. IKA intracellular antibacterial activity assays were used to determine the bactericidal activity of IKA against intracellular S. aureus. The cytotoxicity of IKA against Mac-T cells was evaluated using the resazurin assay. We showed that, S. aureus is susceptible to IKA with a MIC value of 0.6 μg/mL. IKA at 4 × MIC and 8 × MIC have bactericidal activity by reducing 3 and 5 logs10 CFU/mL of S. aureus in the first six-hour of treatment respectively. In addition, IKA demonstrated intracellular killing activity by killing 90% of intracellular S. aureus at 5 μg/mL. This level is comparatively lower than 9.2 μg/mL determined as the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of IKA required to kill 50% of Mac-T cells, highlighting a lower concentration required for bactericidal effect compared to the cytotoxic effect. The study highlighted that importance of IKA as a potential antibiotic candidate to be explored for the in vivo efficacy in treating S. aureus mastitis.

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Biflavones from Platonia insignis Mart. Flowers Promote In Vitro Antileishmanial and Immunomodulatory Effects against Internalized Amastigote Forms of Leishmania amazonensis

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10091166 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1166

Author(s):

Érika Alves Bezerra ◽

Michel Mualém de Moraes Alves ◽

Simone Kelly Rodrigues Lima ◽

Emanuelly Elanny Andrade Pinheiro ◽

Layane Valéria Amorim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cytotoxic Effect ◽

Parasite Growth ◽

Maximum Effect ◽

Immunomodulatory Effects ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Activation Patterns ◽

Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽

Promising Treatment ◽

Pharmacological Potential

Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease that affects millions of people worldwide, making the search essential for more accessible treatments. The species Platonia insignis Mart. (Clusiaceae) has been extensively studied and has gained prominence for its pharmacological potential. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antileishmania activity, cytotoxic effect and activation patterns of macrophages of hydroalcoholic extract (EHPi), ethyl acetate fractions (FAcOEt) and morelloflavone/volkensiflavone mixture (MB) from P. insignis flowers. EHPi, FAcOEt and MB demonstrated concentration-dependent antileishmania activity, with inhibition of parasite growth in all analyzed concentrations. EHPi exhibited maximum effect at 800 μg/mL, while FAcOEt and MB reduced the growth of the parasite by 94.62% at 800 μg/mL. EHPi, FAcOEt and MB showed low cytotoxic effects for macrophages at 81.78, 159.67 and 134.28 μg/mL, respectively. EHPi (11.25 µg/mL), FAcOEt (11.25 and 22.5 µg/mL) and MB (22.5 µg/mL) characterized the increase in lysosomal activity, suggesting a possible modulating effect. These findings open for the application of flowers from a P. insignis flowers and biflavones mixture thereof in the promising treatment of leishmaniasis.

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Certain protein transducing agents convert translocated proteins into cell killers.

Acta Biochimica Polonica ◽

10.18388/abp.2012_2134 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Siergiej Tcherniuk ◽

Anne-Laure Fiser ◽

Madiha Derouazi ◽

Bertrand Toussaint ◽

Yan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Cytotoxic Effect ◽

Cultured Cells ◽

Large Range ◽

Protein Transduction ◽

Cell Interior ◽

Cell Penetrating ◽

Translocated Proteins ◽

Control Protein

The majority of proteins are unable to translocate into the cell interior. Hence for peptide- and protein-based therapeutics a direct intracytoplasmic delivery with the aid of transducing agents is an attractive approach. We wanted to deliver to the cell interior a putatively cytotoxic protein VPg. Protein transduction was achieved in vitro with three different commercial products. However, in our hands, delivery of various control proteins without known deleterious effects, as well as of protein VPg, always induced cell death. Finally, we used a novel transducing peptide Wr-T, which was not toxic to cultured cells, even in a quite large range of concentrations. Most importantly, control protein delivered to cells in culture did not display any toxicity while VPg protein exerted a strong cytotoxic effect. These data show that results obtained with cell-penetrating agents should be interpreted with caution.

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