Sex differences of the content on the monoamines levels in symmetrical structures of the C3H-A mice brain

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Inessa Vladimirovna Karpova ◽  
Sergey Nikolayevich Proshin ◽  
Ruslan Ivanovich Glushakov ◽  
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mikheyev ◽  
Evgeny Rudolfovich Bychkov
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Left Hippocampus ◽  
Tuberculum Olfactorium ◽  
Mice Brain ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Monoamines And Their Metabolites

The Sex differenses in the content and metabolism of dopamine and serotonin were studied in symmetrical brain structures of C3H-A mice. With HPLC the contents of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites, such as dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillinic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA), were measured in the cortex, tuberculum olfactorium, hippocampus and striatum of both the right and the left hemispheres of the brain in male and female mice. The following sex differences in monoamines and their metabolites in brain areas were found: the NE content was higher in the male striatum and in the female tuberculum olfactorium; in males the DA content in cortex and hippocampus was higher, but in tuberculum olfactorium and striatum was lower than that in females; in females the 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels in hippocampus and tuberculum olfactorium were hither than that in males. In the female left striatum the 5-HIAA content was higher than in males. In males three cases of neurochemical cerebral hemisphere asymmetries were found: 1) the NE content is higher in the right tuberculum olfactorium, 2) the DA level is higher in the right hippocampus, 3) the 5-HIAA content is higher in the left hippocampus. In females the only one case of cerebral asymmetry was found, i. g. the 5-HT level was higher in the right tuberculum olfactorium.

Central monoaminergic systems sensitivity to acute hypoxia with hypercapnia changes after the maintenance under the long-term social isolation

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Karpova ◽  
V.V. Mikheev ◽  
V.V. Marysheva ◽  
N.A. Kuritcyna ◽  
E.R. Bychkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Hypoxia With Hypercapnia ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Monoamines And Their Metabolites

The experiments were performed in male albino outbred mice kept in a group and under the conditions of long-term social isolation. The changes in the monoaminergic systems of the left and right hemispheres of the brain after acute hypoxia with hypercapnia have been studied. The levels of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites – dioxyphenylacetic (DOPAC), homovanillic (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic (5-HIAA) acids – were determined by HPLC in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum of the right and left sides of the brain. In the control mice kept both in the group and under the conditions of social isolation, a higher content of DA in the cortex of the left hemisphere has been found. In the other brain structures the monoamine content was symmetric. In the cerebral cortex of the mice in the group, acute hypoxia with hypercapnia led to a right-sided increase in the DA and 5HT levels. At the same time, the DOPAC content decreased in the left cortex. In mice in the group, under the hypoxia with hypercapnia conditions, the DA level in the left hippocampus increased. In the striatum, the content of monoamines and their metabolites did not change significantly. In animals kept for a long time under the conditions of social isolation, hypoxia with hypercapnia no statistically significant changes in the monoamines and their metabolites levels were found. It has been concluded that the preliminary maintenance under the conditions of prolonged social isolation changes the reaction of central monoaminergic systems to acute hypoxia with hypercapnia.

scholarly journals Asymmetry in the content of brain monoamines of BALB/c mice reared in social isolation conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inessa Vladimirovna Karpova ◽  
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mikheyev ◽  
Yevgeniy Rudolfovich Bychkov ◽  
Andrey Andreyevich Lebedev ◽  
Petr Dmitriyevich Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Monoamines ◽  
Left Hippocampus ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Brain

The effects of long-term social isolation on the content and metabolism of dopamine and serotonin systems were studied in symmetrical brain structures of BALB/c male mice. With HPLC the contents of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in the cortex, hippocampus and striatum of both the right and the left hemispheres of the brain in mice reared in groups and social isolation. The isolated mice were characterized by reduced level of DA in the left striatum and elevated level of 5-HIAA and ratio 5-HIAA/5-HT in the right striatum. In the hippocampus of isolated mice, the activation of both DA-ergic and 5-HT-ergic systems was observed, that is the high level of DA and DOPAC in the left hippocampus and the elevated level of 5-HT in both hemispheres and of 5-HIAA in the right hippocampus were registered. On the other hand, the reduction of both DA-ergic and 5-HT-ergic systems activity was shown to be in the right hemisphere. The decreased concentration of DOPAC and ratio DOPAC/DA in the right cortex were observed as well. As to 5-HT-ergic system, the reduced level of 5-HT in the both cortex of the hemispheres as well as 5-HIAA in the right hemisphere of isolated mice was determined. The phenomenon of interhemispheric asymmetry was revealed in the hippocampus only, which was characterized by the increased DA-ergic activity in the left hippocampus but not in the striatum and the cortex.

scholarly journals Sex differences in neural and behavioral signatures of cooperation revealed by fNIRS hyperscanning

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Baker ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Xu Cui ◽  
Pascal Vrticka ◽  
Manish Saggar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Behavioral Signatures ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Researchers from multiple fields have sought to understand how sex moderates human social behavior. While over 50 years of research has revealed differences in cooperation behavior of males and females, the underlying neural correlates of these sex differences have not been explained. A missing and fundamental element of this puzzle is an understanding of how the sex composition of an interacting dyad influences the brain and behavior during cooperation. Using fNIRS-based hyperscanning in 111 same- and mixed-sex dyads, we identified significant behavioral and neural sex-related differences in association with a computer-based cooperation task. Dyads containing at least one male demonstrated significantly higher behavioral performance than female/female dyads. Individual males and females showed significant activation in the right frontopolar and right inferior prefrontal cortices, although this activation was greater in females compared to males. Female/female dyad’s exhibited significant inter-brain coherence within the right temporal cortex, while significant coherence in male/male dyads occurred in the right inferior prefrontal cortex. Significant coherence was not observed in mixed-sex dyads. Finally, for same-sex dyads only, task-related inter-brain coherence was positively correlated with cooperation task performance. Our results highlight multiple important and previously undetected influences of sex on concurrent neural and behavioral signatures of cooperation.

Field Articulation, Sex, Spatial Visualization, Dependency, Practice, Laterality of the Brain and Birth Order

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1223-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Spatial Visualization ◽  
Spatial Function ◽  
Male College ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Rod And Frame

Among 25 female and 25 male college students, field-articulation measures correlated with spatial visualization (. −69 to .79) ( P ≤ .05) but not consistently with each other or measures of dependency. Practice significantly affected Rod-and-frame performance for both sexes ( p ≤ .01), but no sex differences were found on measures of field articulation or dependency. Males' mean for spatial visualization was higher ( p ≤ .05); males were more confident than females on RFT performance even though no more accurate ( p ≤ .05). Among Ss oldest of sibs, females were less field-articulated, males more. Males had higher RFT errors when the frame top was tilted to S's left; females had higher RFT errors when the frame was tilted to the right ( p ≤ .05), which is consistent with the hypothesis that for females more frequently than males control of spatial function is located in the left hemisphere of the brain.

scholarly journals Effects of Meditation on Structural Changes of the Brain in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhukar Dwivedi ◽  
Neha Dubey ◽  
Aditya Jain Pansari ◽  
Raju Surampudi Bapi ◽  
Meghoranjani Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Hippocampal Subfields ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Previous cross-sectional studies reported positive effects of meditation on the brain areas related to attention and executive function in the healthy elderly population. Effects of long-term regular meditation in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease dementia (AD) have rarely been studied. In this study, we explored changes in cortical thickness and gray matter volume in meditation-naïve persons with MCI or mild AD after long-term meditation intervention. MCI or mild AD patients underwent detailed clinical and neuropsychological assessment and were assigned into meditation or non-meditation groups. High resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) were acquired at baseline and after 6 months. Longitudinal symmetrized percentage changes (SPC) in cortical thickness and gray matter volume were estimated. Left caudal middle frontal, left rostral middle frontal, left superior parietal, right lateral orbitofrontal, and right superior frontal cortices showed changes in both cortical thickness and gray matter volume; the left paracentral cortex showed changes in cortical thickness; the left lateral occipital, left superior frontal, left banks of the superior temporal sulcus (bankssts), and left medial orbitofrontal cortices showed changes in gray matter volume. All these areas exhibited significantly higher SPC values in meditators as compared to non-meditators. Conversely, the left lateral occipital, and right posterior cingulate cortices showed significantly lower SPC values for cortical thickness in the meditators. In hippocampal subfields analysis, we observed significantly higher SPC in gray matter volume of the left CA1, molecular layer HP, and CA3 with a trend for increased gray matter volume in most other areas. No significant changes were found for the hippocampal subfields in the right hemisphere. Analysis of the subcortical structures revealed significantly increased volume in the right thalamus in the meditation group. The results of the study point out that long-term meditation practice in persons with MCI or mild AD leads to salutary changes in cortical thickness and gray matter volumes. Most of these changes were observed in the brain areas related to executive control and memory that are prominently at risk in neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (189) ◽  
pp. 272-274
Author(s):  
Kalyan Paudel ◽  
Anand Venugopal
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Cerebral Peduncle ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities ◽  
Uncommon Condition ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome refers to atrophy of one cerebral hemisphere (hemiatrophy) due to an insult to the brain in fetal or early childhood period. This is an uncommon condition. We present a case of a nine month- old female presented with seizure and weakness of the right upper and lower extremities and subsequently computed tomography was performed and showed hemiatrophy of the left fronto-parietal lobe with degenerative changes in the left cerebral peduncle. Keywords: Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome; hemiatrophy; hemiplegia.

Identifying neuroanatomical signatures in insomnia and migraine comorbidity

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun-Hsien Chou ◽  
Pei-Lin Lee ◽  
Chih-Sung Liang ◽  
Jiunn-Tay Lee ◽  
Hung-Wen Kao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Structural Covariance ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Right ◽  
Global Brain ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Study Objectives While insomnia and migraine are often comorbid, the shared and distinct neuroanatomical substrates underlying these disorders and the brain structures associated with the comorbidity are unknown. We aimed to identify patterns of neuroanatomical substrate alterations associated with migraine and insomnia comorbidity. Methods High-resolution T1-weighted images were acquired from subjects with insomnia, migraine, and comorbid migraine and insomnia, respectively, and healthy controls (HC). Direct group comparisons with HC followed by conjunction analyses identified shared regional gray matter volume (GMV) alterations between the disorders. To further examine large-scale anatomical network changes, a seed-based structural covariance network (SCN) analysis was applied. Conjunction analyses also identified common SCN alterations in two disease groups, and we further evaluated these shared regional and global neuroanatomical signatures in the comorbid group. Results Compared with controls, patients with migraine and insomnia showed GMV changes in the cerebellum and the lingual, precentral, and postcentral gyri (PCG). The bilateral PCG were common GMV alteration sites in both groups, with decreased structural covariance integrity observed in the cerebellum. In patients with comorbid migraine and insomnia, shared regional GMV and global SCN changes were consistently observed. The GMV of the right PCG also correlated with sleep quality in these patients. Conclusion These findings highlight the specific role of the PCG in the shared pathophysiology of insomnia and migraine from a regional and global brain network perspective. These multilevel neuroanatomical changes could be used as potential image markers to decipher the comorbidity of the two disorders.

Sex differences in human brain asymmetry: a critical survey

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette McGlone
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Hemispheric Specialization ◽  
Brain Asymmetry ◽  
Critical Survey ◽  
Cerebral Lateralization ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Dual Functional ◽  
Female Brain ◽  
The Right

AbstractDual functional brain asymmetry refers to the notion that in most individuals the left cerebral hemisphere is specialized for language functions, whereas the right cerebral hemisphere is more important than the left for the perception, construction, and recall of stimuli that are difficult to verbalize. In the last twenty years there have been scattered reports of sex differences in degree of hemispheric specialization. This review provides a critical framework within which two related topics are discussed: Do meaningful sex differences in verbal or spatial cerebral lateralization exist? and, if so, Is the brain of one sex more symmetrically organized than the other? Data gathered on right-handed adults are examined from clinical studies of patients with unilateral brain lesions; from dichotic listening, tachistoscopic, and sensorimotor studies of functional asymmetries in non-brain-damaged subjects; from anatomical and electrophysiological investigations, as well as from the developmental literature. Retrospective and descriptive findings predominate over prospective and experimental methodologies. Nevertheless, there is an impressive accummulation of evidence suggesting that the male brain may be more asymmetrically organized than the female brain, both for verbal and nonverbal functions. These trends are rarely found in childhood but are often significant in the mature organism.

How Musical Activity Shapes Memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Hoffmann ◽  
Christoph J. Ploner ◽  
Alexander Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Memory Functioning ◽  
Musical Activity ◽  
The Brain

Abstract. Musical activity has been found to drive plasticity in brain areas involved in the process of playing a musical instrument. The present article reviews how musical activity influences the brain structures involved in memory and how it impacts on memory functioning memory functioning. Musical activity appears to be associated with better memory capacity across the lifespan. Importantly, training-induced effects are not restricted to childhood, but can occur even in the elderly population. We conclude by outlining how musical activity, both on the receptive and active level, can be beneficial to patients suffering from memory disorders, inducing brain plasticity and memory improvement.

Pathomorphological examination of hippocampus in the persons of the second period of mature age with cerebral atherosclerosis

10.12737/5023 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Горелик ◽  
E. Gorelik
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
Cerebral Arteriosclerosis ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Left Hippocampus ◽  
Subsequent Calculation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Second Period ◽  
The Brain

The purpose of this research is to study the morphology of the hippocampus in the patients with cerebro-vascular disease with age, sex and somatic types. The study was conducted from autopsy material. The hippocampus male (n=20) and female (n=15) of the patients of the second period of mature age were taken for study. Pathological and anatomical examination showed that all dead people had pathology of brain vessels. Changes specific to the 1 and 2 stages of atherosclerosis were detected in the basilar and middle cerebral arteries. Somatotype was defined with the subsequent calculation of the index by the method of Rees-Eysenck. The morphometric research of right and left hippocampus of the brain has been conducted. The parameters of the hippocampus with the sex were determined. There are presented the results of quantitative and qualitative morphological study of the hippocampus in persons of the second period of adulthood with cerebral arteriosclerosis in various somatotypes. The comparative analysis, of morphometric parameters of the hippocampus of the right and left hemispheres of the human brain, showed, that most significant are the length of the hippocampus width of middle part and width region of legs. On microscopic examination of the hippocampus, the individuals of the second period of mature age, even at the early stages of atherosclerosis of cerebral arteries, are detected dystrophic changes of neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions, showing their ischemic damage.

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