Infections in mother, fetus and newborn infant

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Alevtina Mikhailovna Savicheva
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
National Guidelines

The article reviews some major problems of diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of infections in mother, fetus and newborn infant and discusses possible ways of solving them. It is emphasized that there is a need in standardized approaches to management of pregnant women with infections imposing a risk of adverse effects on fetus or newborn infant, which can be achieved by development and implementation of national guidelines on management of perinatal infections.

scholarly journals Perinatal infections in the Russian Federation. Screening strategies: problems and prospectives

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Alevtina M Savicheva
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Planning ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Prevention Of Infections

The article describes principal problems of the diagnosis and prevention of perinatal infections in the Russian Federation. Data on the prevalence of infectious diseases in pregnant women, the ways of transmission of infection from mother to fetus and newborn infant, as well as adverse effects are discussed. Possible ways of solving the current problems are suggested, such as the development of standards and algorithms of diagnosis and prevention of infections during pregnancy planning and early pregnancy terms.

scholarly journals Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism among Bangladeshi pregnant women and its effect on fetomaternal outcome

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sharmeen ◽  
PA Shamsunnahar ◽  
TR Laita ◽  
SB Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objectives: Thyroid disorders are among the common endocrine problems in pregnant women. It is now well established that not only overt but subclinical thyroid dysfunction also has adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome. There are few data from Bangladesh about the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy. With this background, this study aims to find out thyroid dysfunction (both overt and subclinical hypothyroidism) in pregnancy and its impact on obstetrical outcome.Methods: We studied the evaluation of 50 admitted pregnancies corresponding to 29 women with subclinical hypothyroidism and rest 21 was overt hypothyroidism. Detailed history and examination were performed. Apart from routine obstetrical investigations, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) estimation was done. Their obstetrical and perinatal outcomes were noted.Results: Overt hypothyroidism was significantly (p<0.05) higher in 25 to 44 years age group. However two and three abortions were significantly (p<0.05) higher in overt hypothyroidism patients. In sub clinical hypothyroidism 86.2% conceived firstly within 2 years and 66.7% in overt hypothyroidism patients conceived firstly in between 3 to 5 years after marriage. Overt hypothyroids were prone to have pregnancy-induced hypertension 42.9%, intrauterine growth restriction (P=0.001) and gestational diabetes (38.1%) as compared to subclinical cases. Neonatal complications were significantly more in overt hypothyroidism group. Mean TSH level was significantly (p<0.05) higher in overt hypothyroidism patients but mean FT4 level was almost similar in both groups. Majority of the patient underwent caesarean section in both groups due to associated medical and obstetrical complications. None of the babies showed hypothyroidism by cord blood tests. In this analysis our results showed that overt hypothyroidism among Bangladeshi pregnant women are associated with more maternal complication & adverse parental outcome than subclinical hypothyroidism. The adequate treatment of hypothyroidism during gestation minimizes risks and generally, makes it possible for pregnancies to be carried to term without complications. Significant adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome were seen emphasizing the importance of routine antenatal thyroid screening.Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2014; 40 (2): 52-57

scholarly journals Acceptability of single screening and treatment policy for the control of malaria in pregnancy: perceptions of providers and pregnant women from selected health facilities in Lindi region, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chonge Kitojo ◽  
Frank Chacky ◽  
Emmanuel S. Kigadye ◽  
Joseph P. Mugasa ◽  
Abdallah Lusasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Experienced Pain ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Tanzania started implementing single screening and treatment (SST) for all pregnant women attending their first antenatal care (ANC) visits in 2014, using malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and treating those who test positive according to the national guidelines. However, there is a paucity of data to show the acceptability of SST to both pregnant women and health care workers (HCWs), taking into consideration the shortage of workers and the added burden of this policy to the health system. This study assessed the perceptions and opinions of health service users and providers to determine the acceptability of SST policy. Methods Pregnant women and HCWs in eight health facilities in two districts of Lindi region (Kilwa and Lindi) were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires with open and close-ended questions. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected, including demographic characteristics, women’s experience, their perception on SST and challenges they face when receiving services for malaria offered at ANC. Experience of HCWs regarding the implementation of SST as part of routine services and the challenges encountered when providing ANC services for malaria in pregnancy (MIP) were also assessed. Results Of the 143 pregnant women interviewed, 97% viewed testing favourably and would wish to be tested for malaria again, while 95% were satisfied with services and reasons for testing during the first ANC visit. Nearly all (99%) would recommend their fellow pregnant women to be tested for malaria and all women recommended that the Ministry of Health should continue the SST strategy. This was despite the fact that 76% of the women experienced pain and 16% had anxiety as a result of finger prick. Sixteen HCWs (mostly nurses) were interviewed; they also viewed SST implementation favourably and reported feeling empowered to use RDTs for malaria screening. The main challenge identified by HCWs was that nurses are not allowed to prescribe anti-malarials to women who test positive and need to refer them to the outpatient department for treatment. Conclusion SST was considered an acceptable approach to control MIP by HCWs and pregnant women, and they recommended the continuation of the policy. In addition, consideration should be given to implementing a task-shifting policy to allow nurses to dispense anti-malarials to pregnant women.

scholarly journals Remdesivir Treatment for COVID 19 in Pregnant Patients with Moderate to Severe Symptoms: Serial Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-443
Author(s):  
Yudianto Budi Saroyo ◽  
Amanda Rumondang ◽  
Irene Sinta Febriana ◽  
Achmad Kemal Harzif ◽  
Rima Irwinda
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Hospitalization Period ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that causes novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major health problem worldwide and been declared a pandemic since March 2020 by WHO. One special population that poses a challenge is pregnant women with COVID-19. There have not been many studies related to COVID-19 in pregnancy. In this study, we present five serial cases of Remdesivir treatment for COVID-19 in pregnant women with moderate to severe symptoms. Case Illustration: We briefly describe five serial cases being treated with Remdesivir therapy during hospitalization. Four cases were delivered by cesarean section, and one was delivered vaginally in gestation week 37. All cases showed a shortened duration of hospitalization, rapid improvement in clinical symptoms, and no adverse events were observed in mothers, fetuses, and neonates. Discussion: Remdesivir, an inhibitor RNA Polymerase, has been used in COVID-19 treatment and is known to shorten recovery time in nonpregnant women. Some studies have shown no adverse effects on Remdesivir for pregnant women. Based on randomized control trial (RCT) during the Ebola epidemic, Remdesivir was safe to use for pregnant women. All cases showed reduced hospitalization time and better clinical outcomes without maternal, fetal, or neonatal adverse events. Conclusion: Remdesivir protocol for pregnant women with moderate to severe symptoms of COVID-19 has resulted in better clinical improvement with a shorter recovery period and no adverse effects during the hospitalization period. Further studies and RCT are warranted to evaluate the biosafety and effects of Remdesivir in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Pregnancy and Breastfeeding During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Published Pregnancy Cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Rodrigues ◽  
Inês Baía ◽  
Rosa Domingues ◽  
Henrique Barros
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Impact

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is an emerging concern regarding the potential adverse effects during pregnancy. This study reviews knowledge on the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy and describes the outcome of published cases of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19.Methods: Searches were conducted in PubMed®, Scopus®, Web of Science®, and MedRxiv® up to 26th June 2020, using PRISMA standards, to identify original published studies describing pregnant women at any gestational age diagnosed COVID-19. There were no date or language restrictions on the search. All identified studies were included irrespective of assumptions on study quality.Results: We identified 161 original studies reporting 3,985 cases of pregnant women with COVID-19 (1,007 discharged while pregnant). The 2,059 published cases with pregnancy outcomes resulted in 42 abortions, 21 stillbirths, and 2,015 live births. Preterm birth occurred in 23% of cases. Around 6% of pregnant women required admission to an intensive care unit and 28 died. There were 10 neonatal deaths. From the 163 cases with amniotic fluid, placenta, and/or cord blood analyzed for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, 10 were positive. Sixty-one newborns were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Four breast milk samples from 92 cases showed evidence of SARS-CoV-2.Conclusion: Emerging evidence suggests that vertical transmission is possible, however, there is still a limited number of reported cases with intrapartum samples. Information, counseling and adequate monitoring are essential to prevent and manage adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy.

EXCRETION OF 15α-HYDROXYOESTRIOL AND OESTRIOL IN URINE OF NEWBORN INFANTS AND IN MATERNAL URINE BEFORE AND AFTER DELIVERY

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
JORMA HEIKKILÄ
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Maternal Urine ◽  
Before And After

SUMMARY The amounts of oestriol and 15α-hydroxyoestriol (oestetrol) were determined in 24-h urine samples collected from pregnant women before and after delivery. In addition, the concentrations of these oestrogens were estimated in the urine of the newborn infants born to these mothers. The excretion of both these oestrogens decreased exponentially in maternal urine after delivery, the rate of decrease being significantly slower for oestetrol. The concentration of oestriol and oestetrol in the urine of the newborn infants also fell rapidly after delivery, the reduction being a linear function of time. The concentration of oestetrol in the urine of the newborn infant was relatively high in comparison to that of oestriol, and during the first day of life was the same as in maternal urine before delivery.

scholarly journals A review of guidance on fish consumption in pregnancy: is it fit for purpose?

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 2149-2159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M Taylor ◽  
Pauline M Emmett ◽  
Alan M Emond ◽  
Jean Golding
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
International Guidelines ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Pregnancy

AbstractObjectivePublic health messages to reduce Hg exposure for pregnant women have focused exclusively on advice on fish consumption to limit Hg exposure, with little account being taken of the positive contribution of fish to nutritional quality. The aim of the present review was to compare and contrast the content and presentation of national guidelines on fish consumption in pregnancy, and comment on their evidence base and impact on consumption.DesignWe searched for national and international guidelines on fish consumption in pregnancy using Internet search strategies. The detailed content and style of presentation of the guidelines were compared. The evidence base for the guidelines, and evidence for the impact of the guidelines on fish consumption levels, were assessed.ResultsWe identified nineteen national guidelines and three international guidelines. There was great variation in the content, complexity and presentation style. The guidelines were based largely on the Hg content of fish with far less consideration being given to the positive beneficial effects of nutrients provided by fish. The complexity of the guidelines may lead to pregnant women reducing their fish intake, or not eating fish at all.ConclusionsGuidelines on fish consumption in pregnancy should take the beneficial effects of fish into account. Guidelines need to be clear and memorable, and appropriately disseminated, to achieve impact. Guidelines could include visual rather than narrative content. Use of technology, for example apps, could enable women to record their fish consumption in real time and log compliance with guidance over a week or other time period.

scholarly journals Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 585-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Wikoff ◽  
Brian T. Welsh ◽  
Rayetta Henderson ◽  
Gregory P. Brorby ◽  
Janice Britt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Caffeine Consumption
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