scholarly journals Orexin A content in brain structures correlates with behavioral patterns in stressed rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Platon P. Khokhlov ◽  
Ilia Yu. Tissen ◽  
Andrei A. Lebedev ◽  
Eugenii R. Bychkov ◽  
Petr D. Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Orexin A ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
The Brain

The aim of this investigation was to reveal correlations between some behavioral patterns and orexin concentrations in the brain structures in rats after an acute psychoemotional stress. A group of rats was placed into a chamber with a tiger python for 25 mi nutes and then as a treatment these rats received orexin A or its antagonist SB-408124 administered intranasally for 7 days. Then the quantitive indexes of behavioral patterns in open field and elevated plus maze were registered. The orexin A level was investigated in the brain structures (amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus) of such rats by means of high-sensitive ELISA. The correlations were assessed with Spearman’s rank correlation test. As a result, a correlation between orexin A content in the amygdala and hypothalamus and a number of ambulations (line crossings) characterizing motor activity in open field test has been revealed. Therefore, the level of orexin A in the amygdala and hypothalamus demonstrates a direct and reverse link with locomotor activity of rats respectively. Also a correlation between orexin A level in the hippocampus and amygdala and the time of staying in the dark alleys of the elevated plus maze has been revealed. So, the content of orexin A in the hippocampus and amygdala reflects anxiety level of a rat. It is concluded there is a positive correlation between the orexin A content in the limbic structures of the brain and emotional behavior of rats.

scholarly journals Effect on Emotional Behavior and Stress by Inhalation of the Essential oil from Chamaecyparis obtusa

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hikaru Kasuya ◽  
Erika Hata ◽  
Tadaaki Satou ◽  
Masaki Yoshikawa ◽  
Shinichiro Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Glass Container ◽  
Chamaecyparis Obtusa ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
The Brain

Various effects have been reported in the literature for the essential oil from Chamaecyparis obtusa (EOCO), such as antibacterial and antifungal activity. In this study, we examined the effect of EOCO on emotional behavior and stress-induced biomarkers. Male ICR mice, aged 5 weeks at the start of each experiment, were individually housed in cages for 1 week. After placing each mouse in a glass container and exposing it to EOCO for 90 min, we then investigated the influence on emotional behavior using the elevated-plus maze (EPM) test, which is one of the evaluation methods for anxiolytic-like behavior. Significant anxiolytic-like effects were observed for the 7.0 mg/L air EOCO ( P<0.05). After the EPM test, mice were dissected and changes in the stress-induced biomarkers within the brain were investigated by examining the amounts of fast nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) and activity regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc) gene expression, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and galactokinase 1 (GLK1) protein expression. Significant increases were observed in the amount of NGFR after inhalation of 7.0 mg/L air EOCO ( P<0.05). These results indicate that EOCO has both anxiolytic-like and stress mitigation effects.

scholarly journals Potential of an aqueous extract of Lippia multiflora Moldenke (Verbenaceae) in the treatment of anxiety disorders: Possible involvement of serotoninergic transmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 277-289
Author(s):  
Joseph Ngaibi ◽  
Germain Sotoing Taiwe ◽  
Jacqueline Stephanie Kameni Njapdounke ◽  
Bigued ◽  
Yvette Nguezeye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Serotonin Receptors ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Monoamine Neurotransmitters ◽  
Lippia Multiflora ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Agonist And Antagonist ◽  
The Brain

Ethnopharmacological relevance: The leaves and stems of Lippia multiflora Moldenke (Verbenaceae) are used in traditional medicine to treat depression, anxiety and epilepsy. Aim of the study: The present study investigated the anxiolytic-like effects of Lippia multiflora aqueous extracts in experimental models of anxiety. Materials and methods: Elevated plus maze and open field tests were used to evaluate anxiety and exploratory behaviour. The possible mechanism of action of Lippia multiflora were investigated after pretreatment of animal with agonist and antagonist of serotonin receptors, such as: mCPP, a partial agonist at the 5-HT2C receptors; Way-100635, a selective 5-HT1A receptors antagonist; and DOI, the 5-HT2A/2C receptors agonist. The levels of monoamine neurotransmitters were evaluated in the brain. Results: In the elevated plus maze, Lippia multiflora increased the number of entries into and percentage of time in open arms, and reduced rearing, head dipping, and percentage of time in closed arms. These effects were blocked with the agonist and antagonist of serotonin receptors. In the open field, Lippia multiflora increased crossing and reduced rearing and defecation. The endogenous levels of noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin in the brain homogenates remain comparable to that distilled water-treated animals. Conclusion: It could be concluded that Lippia multiflora aqueous extracts, used in traditional medicine in Cameroon for the treatment of depression, anxiety and epilepsy seemed to possess anxiolytic properties in mice. These effects might be mediated by serotonin receptors, but not by modulation of the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters when the extract is administered once after one hour.

Pharmacological analysis of the effects of the neuropeptide Y antagonist BMS 193885 on the emotional, intraspecies behavior and reinforcing properties of ethanol in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Aleksander R. Moskalyev ◽  
Maxim E. Abrosimov ◽  
Eduard A. Vetlugin ◽  
Anna G. Pshenichnaya ◽  
Ilya Yu. Tissen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Intraspecific Interaction ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Resident Intruder

Purpose. Our previously data on orexigenic peptides (orexin, ghrelin) showed antagonists of peptides receptors as correctors of the emotional-motivational and cognitive spheres. Currently, a close relationship between ghrelin and orexin with neuropetide Y has been shown in feeding and emotional behavior. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of the NPY antagonist Y1R BMS 193885 on emotional and intraspecies behavior, as well as on the reinforcing properties of ethanol in rats. Methods. We used the open field test, elevated plus-maze, Porsolts forced swimming test, resident intruder test, conditional place preference (CPP). BMS 193885 1 mg/ml, 20 l intranasally did not cause an anxiogenic effect in the elevated plus-maze. Results. In the Porsolts test, there was also no increase in the level of depression. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in the number and time of dives, as an indirect indicator of a decrease in the level of depression. At the same time, in the resident intruder test were decreased protective behavior, as an indicator of a decrease in the stress of intraspecific interaction in the absence of aggression. Moreover, local movements were increased in the open field test as an indicator of the animals activity impaired by fear. BMS 193885 had no effect on the expression of the CPP of ethanol. Conclusion. Thus, it was previously shown that the BMS 193885 is a powerful, selective, brain-penetrating Y1 receptor antagonist, it reduces food intake and body weight in animal models of obesity both after acute and chronic administration. Our data indicate that the decrease in food intake is not associated with the level of anxiety, depression, or with a change in intraspecific interaction. It has been previously shown that NPY reduces alcohol consumption. Our data indicate that the Y1R antagonist of the neuropeptide Y BMS 193885 does not cause a change in the CPP of alcohol.

scholarly journals Anxiogenic Potential of Experimental Sleep Fragmentation Is Duration-Dependent and Mediated via Oxidative Stress State

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Željko Grubač ◽  
Nikola Šutulović ◽  
Sonja Šuvakov ◽  
Djurdja Jerotić ◽  
Nela Puškaš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Sleep Fragmentation ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Stress Assessment ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Treadmill Belt

Sleep architecture alterations, among which sleep fragmentation is highly prevalent, represent risk factors for a variety of diseases, ranging from cardiovascular to brain disorders, including anxiety. What mediates anxiety occurrence upon sleep fragmentation is still a matter of debate. We hypothesized that the sleep fragmentation effects on anxiety are dependent on its duration and mediated by increased oxidative stress and alterations in the number of parvalbumin (PV+) interneurons in the hippocampus. Sleep was fragmented in rats by the treadmill method during a period of 14 days (SF group). Rats with undisturbed sleep in the treadmill (TC group) and those receiving equal amounts of treadmill belt motion (EC group) served as controls. To assess anxiety, we subjected rats to the open field, elevated plus maze, and light-dark tests on the 0, 7th, and 14th day. Upon the last test, brain structures were sampled for oxidative stress assessment and PV+ interneuron immunohistochemistry. The results of ethological tests of anxiety-linked behavior suggested duration-dependent anxiogenic potential of sleep fragmentation. Rats’ anxiety-linked behavior upon sleep fragmentation significantly correlated with oxidative stress. The rats with fragmented sleep (SF) showed significantly higher oxidative stress in the hippocampus, thalamus, and cortex, compared to controls (TC and EC), while the antioxidant enzymes’ activity was significantly decreased. No significant differences were observed in hippocampal PV+ interneurons among these groups. Our results showed that duration of sleep fragmentation is a significant determinant of anxiety-linked behavior, and these effects are mediated through oxidative distress in the brain. Herein, it is revealed that the sleep fragmentation-oxidative stress-anxiety axis contributes to our better understanding of pathophysiological processes, occurring due to disrupted sleep patterns.

scholarly journals Participation ofGABAAChloride Channels in the Anxiolytic-Like Effects of a Fatty Acid Mixture

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
Rosa Isela García-Ríos ◽  
Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo ◽  
Blandina Bernal-Morales ◽  
Carlos M. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Chloride Channels ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Gaba Binding ◽  
Defensive Burying

Human amniotic fluid and a mixture of eight fatty acids (FAT-M) identified in this maternal fluid (C12:0, lauric acid, 0.9 μg%; C14:0, myristic acid, 6.9 μg%; C16:0, palmitic acid, 35.3 μg%; C16:1, palmitoleic acid, 16.4 μg%; C18:0, stearic acid, 8.5 μg%; C18:1cis, oleic acid, 18.4 μg%; C18:1trans, elaidic acid, 3.5 μg%; C18:2, linoleic acid, 10.1 μg%) produce anxiolytic-like effects that are comparable to diazepam in Wistar rats, suggesting the involvement ofγ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, a possibility not yet explored. Wistar rats were subjected to the defensive burying test, elevated plus maze, and open field test. In different groups, threeGABAAreceptor antagonists were administered 30 min before FAT-M administration, including the competitive GABA binding antagonist bicuculline (1 mg/kg),GABAAbenzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil (5 mg/kg), and noncompetitiveGABAAchloride channel antagonist picrotoxin (1 mg/kg). The FAT-M exerted anxiolytic-like effects in the defensive burying test and elevated plus maze, without affecting locomotor activity in the open field test. TheGABAAantagonists alone did not produce significant changes in the behavioral tests. Picrotoxin but not bicuculline or flumazenil blocked the anxiolytic-like effect of the FAT-M. Based on the specific blocking action of picrotoxin on the effects of the FAT-M, we conclude that the FAT-M exerted its anxiolytic-like effects throughGABAAreceptor chloride channels.

Neuropharmacological Activity of Various Fractions Obtained from Solanum aethiopicum (Linn.) Fruit in Mice.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
A.R. Abubakar ◽  
◽  
I.H. Sani ◽  
S. Malami ◽  
A.H. Yaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Solanum Aethiopicum ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Hole Board Test

Background: Solanum aethiopicum (L.), family Solanaceae, is known as garden eggs. The fruit is used in the treatment of insomnia, diabetes and constipation. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate anxiolytic-like activity of fractions obtained from crude methanol extract of Solanum aethiopicum fruit. Method: Acute toxicity testing was conducted according to the OECD guidelines 420 via oral and intraperitoneal routes (ip). n-Hexane (HF), chloroform (CHF), ethyl-acetate (EAF), n-butanol (BF) and residual aqueous fraction (RAF) at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg ip were experimented using the open field, elevated plus maze, staircase, light dark box and hole-board tests. Results: Results: In open field test, there was statistically significant increase in frequency of central square entry by EAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg and RAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg all at p<0.05 compared to distilled water (D/W) group. Elevated plus maze test showed statistically significant increases in open arm entry and duration by CHF 25mg/kg, RAF 25mg/kg and 50mg/kg again at p<0.05. Also, in the staircase test, statistically significant decrease in frequency of rearing with no effect on step climbing was observed by RAF 25mg/kg (p< 0.05) compared to D/W. Light and dark box test produced increased light box entry and duration by EAF 25mg/kg, RAF 25mg/kg and 50mg/ kg at p<0.05. Furthermore, the hole -board test showed statistically significant increases in number of head dips by EAF 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg as well as RAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100 mg/kg at p<0.05. Conclusion: The fractions obtained from Solanum aethiopicum fruits possesses anxiolytic-like activity.

scholarly journals Staying at the crossroads: assessment of the potential of serum lithium monitoring in predicting an ideal lithium dose

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Zaqueu Lima ◽  
Miriam Marcela Blanco ◽  
Jair Guilherme dos Santos Júnior ◽  
Carolina Tesone Coelho ◽  
Luiz Eugênio Mello
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Lithium Concentration ◽  
Serum Lithium Concentration ◽  
Narrow Therapeutic Range ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Sufficient Precision ◽  
Lithium Dose ◽  
Plasmatic Concentration

OBJECTIVE: Lithium has been successfully employed to treat bipolar disorder for decades, and recently, was shown to attenuate the symptoms of other pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, ischemic processes, and glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. However, lithium's narrow therapeutic range limits its broader use. Therefore, the development of methods to better predict its dose becomes essential to an ideal therapy. METHOD: the performance of adult Wistar rats was evaluated at the open field and elevated plus maze after a six weeks treatment with chow supplemented with 0.255%, or 0.383% of lithium chloride, or normal feed. Thereafter, blood samples were collected to measure the serum lithium concentration. RESULTS: Animals fed with 0.255% lithium chloride supplemented chow presented a higher rearing frequency at the open field, and higher frequency of arms entrance at the elevated plus maze than animals fed with a 50% higher lithium dose presented. Nevertheless, both groups presented similar lithium plasmatic concentration. DISCUSSION: different behaviors induced by both lithium doses suggest that these animals had different lithium distribution in their brains that was not detected by lithium serum measurement. CONCLUSION: serum lithium concentration measurements do not seem to provide sufficient precision to support its use as predictive of behaviors.

scholarly journals Dose-Dependent, Antidepressant, and Anxiolytic Effects of a Traditional Medicinal Plant for the Management of Behavioral Dysfunctions in Animal Models

Dose-Response ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932581989126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Muhammad Asif ◽  
Abdul Hayee ◽  
Muhammad Rahil Aslam ◽  
Khalil Ahmad ◽  
Abdul Sattar Hashmi
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Dose Dependent

The present work was carried out to assess the Onosma bracteatum anxiolytic and antidepressant properties. Swiss albino mice (male) were fed orally with hydroalcoholic extract at different doses 50, 100, and 200 mg 1 hour prior to test with the standard diazepam and fluoxetine. Anxiolytic and antidepressant activities were evaluated by using open field, elevated plus maze, force swimming, and tail suspension test. Results of open field test showed an increase in number of line crossing as well as number of rearing in dosage-dependent design. Although results of elevated plus maze test evidently showed antianxiety effect of O bracteatum by increasing the time spent in open arms along with decreasing the time spent in closed arms in dosage-dependent way. For the evaluation of antidepressant effect, O bracteatum diminished the immobility time and expanded mobility time in forced swim model in dosage-dependent way. Likewise, O bracteatum expanded time span of mobility along with diminished immobility time in tail suspension method in dosage-dependent way. Outcome demonstrated that plant at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight showed significant potential which was similar to that standard diazepam and fluoxetine. Hence, O bracteatum may be used as potent natural psychotherapeutic agent against the mental disorders.

Effect of Surfagon on Open Field and Elevated Plus Maze Behavior of Gonadectomized and Non-Gonadectomized Male Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-54
Author(s):  
O. O. Masalova ◽  
S. B. Kazakova ◽  
T. N. Savateeva-Lyubimova ◽  
K. V. Sivak ◽  
N. S. Sapronov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plus Maze
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