scholarly journals Flora of the K.V. Ivanov square of Cheboksary of Chuvash Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Yury Olegovich Dimitriev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Larix Sibirica ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Synanthropic Species ◽  
Chuvash Republic

The square named after K.V. Ivanov was founded in the 1930s. The total area of 5,3 hectares. Tilia cordata Mill. Predominates. The flora of the square contains 86 plant species from 74 genera and 35 families. The division Pinophyta is represented by two species - Larix sibirica Ledeb. and Picea pungens Engelm. Six species from the families Poaceae and Cyperaceae are monocotyled. The systematic diversity of the flora is very low. Virtually every genus is represented by only one species. The average level of species wealth in one family is 2,46. The number of families with one species is 19 (54,3%). The top ten in the number of species families concentrate 64% of the species. The spectrum of the leading families of the square flora indicates its thermophilic appearance. The share of synanthropic species in the flora as a whole is 61,6%. The index of synanthropization ( Is ) of the square flora is 1,61 and emphasizes the anthropogenic nature of the landscape. The aboriginal fraction of the flora is strongly altered ( Is = 0,61). In the spectrum of life forms hemicryptophytes (33,7%), phanerophytes (30,2%) and therophytes (22,1%) dominate. According to the biomorphs system of I.G. Serebryakov perennial herbaceous plants (41,9%) dominate, whose spectrum reflects the forest type of biocenosis, annuals (22,1%), trees (19,8%) and shrubs (10,5%). In the ecologo-cenotic spectrum weed species (36%), forest species (18,6%), cultivar species (17,4%), meadow plants (11,6%) dominate. In the hygromorph spectrum mesophytes (72,1%) dominate, then xeromesophytes (15,1%) follow, the share of the remaining groups varies from 1,2 to 5,8%. In the spectrum of trophomorphs mesotrophs (57%) and megatrophs (37,2%) dominate. The square named after K.V. Ivanov is characterized by stability of functioning, provided by wood and shrub plantations. The lawn is heavily clogged and requires its reconstruction.

scholarly journals Flora of the Student Square of Cheboksary of Chuvash Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Yury Olegovich Dimitriev
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Synanthropic Species ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Chuvash Republic

Student Square was opened on September 1, 2007 at the intersection of the busy Moscow Avenue and K. Ivanov Street. The total area is 2,5 hectares. The predominant tree species are Tilia cordata Mill., Betula pendula Roth and Acer platanoides L. In 2016, the first inventory of the square flora was carried out, 94 plant species from 79 genera and 37 families were identified. Pinopsida are represented by 4 cultivated introducents. Only 6 species from the Poaceae are monocotyledons. The systematic diversity of the flora is very low. Virtually every genus is represented by only one species. The average level of species wealth in one family is 2,54. The number of families with one species is 21 (56,8%). The top ten in the number of species families are concentrated by 63,8% of the species. The spectrum of the leading families of the flora of the Student Square indicates its thermophilic appearance. The share of synanthropic species in the flora as a whole is 53,2%. The index of synanthropization ( Is ) of the square flora is 1,14 and emphasizes the anthropogenic nature of the landscape. The aboriginal fraction of the flora is strongly altered ( Is = 0,48). In the ecologo-cenotic spectrum, there is a preponderance towards plants of open habitat types, among which weed species predominate (34%), among which 4 are malignant invasive species: Acer negundo L., Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., Lepidotheca suaveolens (Pursh) Nutt., Xanthoxalis stricta (L.) Small. On the second place is a group of meadow plants (16%). The distribution of other coenotic groups in general is consistent with the regional spectrum of the flora of Chuvashia. The hygromorph spectrum is dominated by mesophytes (71,3%), followed by xeromesophytes (16%), the share of the remaining groups varies from 1,1 to 6,4%. The trofomorph spectrum is dominated by mesotrofs (62,8%) and megatrofs (36,2%). Aliens fraction is 30,9% of the square flora. 17 species (58,6%) are cultivated introducents, and the rest - weed plants. Kenophytes (75,9%) predominate, ergasiophytes and ergasiofigophytes (24,1% each), epekophytes and agrio-epekophytes (65,5%), North American (31%) and Iranian-Turanian (20,7%) species.

scholarly journals Floristic Survey of Meethirigala Forest Reserve in Gampaha District

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Kalubowila ◽  
B.M.P. Singhakumara ◽  
R.A.M.P.M. Rajathewa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Woody Perennials ◽  
Reserve Forest ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Topographic Positions ◽  
Kelani River

Meethirigala forest reserve consists of approximately 384 ha. It is the largest forest reserve in Gampaha District managed by the Forest Department. It has different topographic positions such as ridges, midslopes and valley areas close to the Kelani River. The present study was conducted to enumerate plant species found in all three topographic positions of the reserve. Plots were demarcated purposively to sample woody perennials equal or greater than 5 cm dbh (diameter at breast height) in 18 plots (5×100 m, rectangular shape). Seedlings greater than 1 m tall were sampled in 18 plots (5×5 m). Shannon diversity indices were calculated to compare dominance of particular species in different topographic positions. A total of 360 individuals of woody perennials belonging to 73 species in ridge, 368 individuals of woody perennials belonging to 100 species in midslope and 272 individuals of woody perennials belonging to 69 species in valley were recorded. And 132, 123 and 100 individuals of seedlings were enumerated in ridge, midslope and valley respectively. In ridge 58 generas, 28 families, in midslope 83 generas, 35 families and, in valley 68 generas, 29 families were observed. 28 species were found in all three different altitudes of the reserve. Forest species in study sites gave a total of 138 plant species belonging to 113 tree species, 11 climber species, 14 shrub species, 109 generas and 46 families. Of this total 138 species, 34 (25%) species are endemic to Sri Lanka. Highest endemism was recorded in the ridge (41.6%). Stratification of the ridge showed a very similar pattern to a Dipterocarp forest type. Highest diversity was recorded in midslope (1.7290) and lowest recorded in ridge (1.5626) of the forest. 18 threatened species were observed (3-Endangered and 15-vulnerable species). As a conclusion, Meethirigala forest reserve can be considered as an important refuge for wet zone forest species.

scholarly journals Ecological analysis of rare and endangered lichen species included in the Red Book of the Chuvash Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
Evgeny Arkadyevich Sinichkin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The paper provides an ecological analysis of rare and endangered lichen species included in the Red Book of the Chuvash Republic. The new edition, published in 2020, includes information on 256 species of plants and fungi. The Red Book of the Chuvash Republic includes 30 species of rare and endangered lichen species, 14 species are included in the list of those which are subject to special attention and need constant monitoring in the natural environment. Biomorphological analysis has shown that rare lichen species belong to 3 types, 4 classes and 7 groups of life forms. The predominant species are bushy (bushy hanging group - 11 species, bushy branching group - 1 species, bushy erect group - 1 species) and foliose (parted-lobed rhizoidal group - 10 species, broad-bladed rhizoidal group - 2 species) lichens. Ecological-substrate analysis has revealed that lichens included in the Red Book of the Chuvash Republic grow on 8 phorophytes ( Tilia cordata , Quercus robur , Betula pendula , Salix cinerea , Pinus sylvestris , Picea abies , Abies sibirica , Populus tremula ), on soil, on dead organic substrate and mosses. The greatest number of rare lichens was found on the bark of Tilia cordata , on the bark of Pinus sylvestris and on soil.

BIOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DENDROFLORA OF NNP «NYZHNIODNIPROVSKYI»

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
Pavlova N.R. ◽  
Dzerkal V.M. ◽  
Ponomareva А.А.
Keyword(s):  
Life Form ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Morphological Classification ◽  
Salix Alba ◽  
Plant Life Forms ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Architectural Models

In order to preserve, reproduce and effectively use the natural complexes and objects of the DniproDelta as one of the most valuable natural floodplain-littoral complexes in Europe, which have special environmental, recreational, historical and cultural, scientific, educational and aesthetic value, and ensurethe conservationof «DniproDelta»wetland of theinternational importance,the National Natural Park «Lower Dnipro»was created(Decree of the President of Ukraine of November 24, 2015 No 657/2015).The flora of the higher vascular plants of the Park contains 820 species, 40 species of which (4.9% of the total number) are woody plants. Rosaceae Juss. (14 species), Salicaceae Mirb. (7 species), Aceraceae Juss. (3 types) are leading families of the dendroflora of the Park.Biomorphological characteristics of tree plant species in the flora of the Lower Dnipro National Nature Park were carried out according to the following classifications: 1) K. Raunkiersystem of plant life forms; 2) ecological and morphological classification of life forms of I. G. Serebryakov; 3) architectural models of F. Alle, R. Oldeman and P. Tomlinson; 4) classification of the life forms of plants of the temperate zone, which takes into account the vegetative propagation by O. V. Smirnova, L. B. Zaugolnova.AnalysisoftypesofbiomorphsaccordingtotheclassificationofK. Raunkiershowedthatthevastmajorityofdendrofloraspeciesbelongtophanerophytes, amongthem, dependingontheheightoftheplant, therearedifferentgroups-megaphanerophytes(e.g., Populustremula), mesophanerophytes(Salixalba), microphaneorphytes, nanophanerophytes(Amygdalusnana) andhamephytes(Ephedradistachia).According to the ecological and morphological classification of I. G. Serebryakov life forms, the flora of the Park is dominated by forest-steppe trees and forest-type trees.The trees which belong to one life form often differ in the principles of growth and formation of the crown, branching, and general habitus, which is generally considered as an architectural model of a particular species. According to the classification of architectural models by F. Alle, R. Oldeman and P. Tomlinson, in the flora of the Park, there are five models among which the species formed by the model of Tomlinson have a significant representation, and the species formed by the models of Manzheno and Champagne have a smaller representation.Key words:flora, tree, classification, life form, bush. З метою збереження, відтворення і ефективного використання природних комплексів та об’єктів дельти річки Дніпро як одного з найцінніших природних заплавно-літоральних комплексів у Європі, які мають особливу природоохоронну, оздоровчу, історико-культурну, наукову, освітню та естетичну цінність, забезпечення збереження водно-болотного угіддя міжнародного значення «Дельта р. Дніпро» створено Національний природний парк «Нижньодніпровський» (Указ президента України від 24 листопада 2015 року No 657/2015).Флора вищих судинних рослин Парку попередньо складає 820 видів, з них 40 видів (4,9% від загальної кількості) –деревні рослини.Провідні родини дендрофлори Парку –Rosaceae Juss. (14 видів), SalicaceaeMirb. (7 видів), AceraceaeJuss. (3 види). Біоморфологічну характеристику видів деревних рослин у флорі національного природнього парку «Нижньодніпровський» проведено за класифікаціями: 1) система життєвих форм рослин К. Раункієра; 2) еколого-морфологічна класифікація життєвих форм І. Г. Сєрєбрякова; 3) архітектурні моделі Ф. Аллє, Р. Ольдемана і П. Томлінсона; 4)класифікація життєвих форм рослин помірної зони, яка враховує вегетативне розмноження О. В. Смирнової, Л. Б. Заугольнової.Аналіз типів біоморф за класифікацією К. Раункієра показав, що переважна більшість видів дендрофлори належить до фанерофітів, серед них, в залежності від висоти рослини, виділяють різні групи –мегафанерофіти (наприклад, Populus tremula), мезофанерофіти (Salix alba), мікрофанерофіти (Amorpha fruticosa), нанофанерофіти (Amygdalus nana) та хамефіти (Ephedra distachia).За еколого-морфологічною класифікацією життєвих форм І. Г. Сєрєбрякова у флорі Парку домінують дерева лісостепового типу та дерева лісового типу.Дерева, які відносяться до однієї життєвої форми, часто відрізняютьсяпринципами наростання та формування крони, галуженням, загальним габітусом, що загалом розглядається як архітектурна модель конкретного виду. За класифікацією архітектурних моделей Ф.Аллє, Р. Ольдемана і П. Томлінсона у флорі Парку виділено п’ять моделей, серед яких, значне представництво мають види, що формуються за моделлю Томлінсона, менше представництво мають види, що формуються за моделями Манжено та Шампанії.Ключові слова: флора, дерево, класифікація, життєва форма, кущ.

Weed Species Not Impaired by Verticillium dahliae and Meloidogyne incognita Relationships that Damage Chile Pepper

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sanogo ◽  
J. Schroeder ◽  
S. Thomas ◽  
L. Murray ◽  
N. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Chile Pepper ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Ipomoea Purpurea ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Pathogen Diversity ◽  
Anoda Cristata

The chile pepper (Capsicum annuum) crop is affected by several pests, pathogens, and weeds including Verticillium dahliae, Meloidogyne incognita, spurred anoda (Anoda cristata), Wright groundcherry (Physalis acutifolia), and tall morningglory (Ipomoea purpurea). These weed species are unimpaired hosts to V. dahliae and M. incognita. Chile plants have been found co-infected with V. dahliae and M. incognita in commercial fields. Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the relationships among V. dahliae, M. incognita, and each of the four aforementioned plant species. Plants were either non-inoculated or inoculated with V. dahliae, M. incognita, or V. dahliae plus M. incognita. Six weeks after inoculation, plant infection by V. dahliae, M. incognita reproduction, plant height and biomass were measured. Three relationships were identified: V. dahliae was recovered from 100% of all four inoculated plant species, irrespective of M. incognita treatment; V. dahliae and M. incognita enhanced or had no effect on weed biomass but were pathogenic to chile; and co-infection by V. dahliae had no effect on nematode reproduction in the first M. incognita generation on the crop or weeds. These biological relationships suggest that the competitive impact of the weeds may increase and pathogen diversity may be affected in infested fields, ultimately impacting the efficacy of our common IPM tools. Accepted for publication 17 July 2013. Published 20 September 2013.

scholarly journals The strategies of water–carbon regulation of plants in a subtropical primary forest on karst soils in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 4193-4203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Xuefa Wen ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Shenggong Li
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Carboxylase Activity ◽  
Carbon Regulation ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Coexisting plant species in a karst ecosystem may use diverse strategies of trade off between carbon gain and water loss to adopt to the low soil nutrient and low water availability conditions. An understanding of the impact of CO2 diffusion and maximum carboxylase activity of Rubisco (Vcmax) on the light-saturated net photosynthesis (A) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) can provide insight into physiological strategies of the water–carbon regulation of coexisting plant species used in adaptation to karst environments at the leaf scale. We selected 63 dominant species (across 6 life forms) in a subtropical karst primary forest in southwestern China, measured their CO2 response curves, and calculated the corresponding stomatal conductance to CO2 (gs), mesophyll conductance to CO2 (gm), and Vcmax. The results showed that gs and gm varied about 7.6- and 34.5-fold, respectively, and that gs was positively related to gm. The contribution of gm to the leaf CO2 gradient was similar to that of gs. gs ∕ A, gm ∕ A and gt ∕ A was negatively related to Vcmax ∕ A. The relative limitations of gs (ls), gm (lm), and Vcmax (lb) to A for the whole group (combined six life forms) were significantly different from each other (P < 0.05). lm was the largest (0.38 ± 0.12), followed by lb (0.34 ± 0.14), and ls (0.28 ± 0.07). No significant difference was found between ls, lm, and lb for trees and tree/shrubs, while lm was the largest, followed by lb and ls for shrubs, grasses, vines and ferns (P < 0.05). iWUE varied about 3-fold (from 29.52 to 88.92 µmol CO2 mol−1 H2O) across all species, and was significantly correlated with gs, Vcmax, gm ∕ gs, and Vcmax ∕ gs. These results indicated that karst plants maintained relatively high A and low iWUE through the covariation of gs, gm, and Vcmax as an adaptation to a karst environment.

The impacts of invasive plant species on the biodiversity of Australian rangelands

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Grice
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Native Plant Species

Most parts of the Australian rangelands are at risk of invasion by one or more species of non-native plants. The severity of current problems varies greatly across the rangelands with more non-native plant species in more intensively settled regions, in climatic zones that have higher and more reliable rainfall, and in wetter and more fertile parts of rangeland landscapes. Although there is quantitative evidence of impacts on either particular taxonomic groups or specific ecological processes in Australian rangelands, a comprehensive picture of responses of rangeland ecosystems to plant invasions is not available. Research has been focused on invasive species that are perceived to have important effects. This is likely to down play the significance of species that have visually less dramatic influences and ignore the possibility that some species could invade and yet have negligible consequences. It is conceivable that most of the overall impact will come from a relatively small proportion of invasive species. Impacts have most commonly been assessed in terms of plant species richness or the abundance of certain groups of vertebrates to the almost complete exclusion of other faunal groups. All scientific studies of the impacts of invasive species in Australian rangelands have focused on the effects of individual invasive species although in many situations native communities are under threat from a complex of interacting weed species. Invasion by non-native species is generally associated with declines in native plant species richness, but faunal responses are more complex and individual invasions may be associated with increase, decrease and no-change scenarios for different faunal groups. Some invasive species may remain minor components of the vegetation that they invade while others completely dominate one stratum or the vegetation overall.

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