scholarly journals Price Crises in Soviet Economy 1920s and Institutional Effects of the Fundamental Impossibility of Socialism

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 068-081
Author(s):  
Aliaksandr V. Kavaliou ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the impact of institutional factors on the economic system of the Soviet Russia at the period of New Economic Policy. The first group of factors is associated with the social structure of the soviet village. The specifics of agricultural business activities (in particular, long production period, a gap in the movement of cash flows, impossibility of agricultural labors during the long winter season) led to the potential for localization of the village market in the event of an increase in prices for industrial products. This has repeatedly led to a crisis in the marketing of manufactured goods and food shortages in the cities. The second group of factors concerns institutional changes in ownership. The nationalization of the means of production led to the absence of a capital and labor market and to the impossibility of forming a system of relative prices, which, in a capitalist economy, signals entrepreneurs about the directions of efficient allocation of resources. The article demonstrates that Soviet economists in the 1920s used the same arguments in discussions about economic policy tools that market advocates used in discussion on economic calculation under socialism. The NEP as a system of a mixed economy was doomed due to the inability of the planning authorities to determine the directions of capital investments corresponding to the needs, which, given the relative isolation of the countryside, inevitably led to permanent crises.

The New Economic Policy and Permanent Migration in Zhejiang Province, China

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiushi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Permanent Migration ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of economic reforms on the volume and characteristics of permanent migration in Zhejiang Province, China. The data suggest that the new economic policy induced a surge in permanent migration during the post-reform years. Such positive impact of the reform on permanent migration has started to fade away in 1985, as government relaxed its control over residence. Moreover, market mechanisms started playing a more important role in employment, exchange, and consumption. The data also suggest that the new economic policy has particularly favored the better educated, and thereby increased educational differentials between permanent migrants and nonmigrants. For all other characteristics examined, the results show consistently that post-reform migrants are less differentiated from nonmigrants than their pre-reform counterparts.

The Political Function of Domestic Objects in the Fiction of Aleksandra Kollontai

Slavic Review ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Ingemanson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
The Real ◽  
Political Function ◽  
The Status ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Status Of Women

During the winter of 1922-1923 when she was just beginning her diplomatic career, Bolshevik activist Aleksandra Kollontai wrote two novels and several short stories that were immediately published in Russia and subsequently combined into two volumes under the titles Liubov’ pchel trudovykh and Zhenshchina na perelome. They were dismissed as mere autobiographical romances, indulging in unhealthy introspection and dangerously divorced from the “real” demands of society. At a time when Soviet Russia was facing enormous challenges connected with the reconstruction after the civil war and with the partial return to a market economy under the New Economic Policy (NEP), Kollontai's focus on domestic relationships and the status of women seemed narrow and excessively private.

scholarly journals Evolution of the bolshevik doctrine on the peasant question in 1917–1929

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3B) ◽  
pp. 411-420
Author(s):  
Andrei Ivanovich Baksheev ◽  
Pavel Alexandrovich Novikov ◽  
Sergey Alekseevich Safronov ◽  
Svetlana Petrovna Shtumpf ◽  
Dmitry Vladimirovich Rakhinsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Control ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Soviet Russia

The objective of this research is to analyze the frameworks and views on the peasant question in Soviet Russia over the examined period. Using the historical, descriptive narrative, comparative, and typological methods, the authors look into the 1917 land reform, attempts to organize large-scale socialist agriculture in 1918–1920, the specific features of the temporary solutions to the peasant question in the period of the New Economic Policy, and the subsequent focus on industrialization and forced collectivization of agriculture. The authors conclude that the Bolshevik doctrine evolutionized and preserved full strategic continuity, having undergone several timely tactical adjustments. Each of these stages represented the Bolsheviks’ attempts to retain political control over the predominantly agrarian country, for which purpose the “leading” (in other words, the commanding, dictating, or domineering) role of the working class and the poorest layers of countrymen was persistently proclaimed in relation to peasants who produced surplus goods and had a different system of value (worldview) priorities.

Russian Reforms: Comparing the New Economic Policy Period to Post-Soviet Russia

2010 ◽  
pp. 82-99
Author(s):  
Yu. Goland
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Production Growth ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Market Relations

The article compares market reforms during the New Economic Policy (NEP) period in the 1920s to Post-Soviet Russia in relation to the transformation of institutions and economic policy. The consecutive stages in the development of NEP and Post-Soviet Russia are identified. The differences in the ideology and practice of financial stabilization in both periods leading to the production growth under NEP and economic fall in the 1990s are considered. Benefits of the combination of state regulation and market relations at the first stage of NEP and the lack of such combination in the 1990s are demonstrated. At the same time, excessive state intervention in the economy led to the erosion of NEP and hampers economy efficiency in modern Russia.

INNOVATION INVESTMENT: BEHAVIOUR OF CHINESE FIRMS TOWARDS FINANCING SOURCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 1950070 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD KALEEM KHAN ◽  
AHMAD KALEEM ◽  
SALMAN ZULFIQAR ◽  
UMAIR AKRAM
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Bank Debt ◽  
Chinese Firms ◽  
Public Offerings ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Although the extant literature on corporate finance has largely focused on capital investments, relatively less attention has been paid to identify how research and development (R&D) related investments are financed. This study empirically tests the relationship between the different financing sources used by firms and their intensity of R&D in the rapidly growing economy of China. Furthermore, we posit that the firm’s choice to adopt the finance source for R&D will change if the firm is likely to be in financial constraints. This study finds out an empirical evidence that internally generated cash flows, bank debt, and seasonal public offerings (SPOs) stipulate a positive impact on R&D of Chinese firms, whereas the issuance of bond impacts it negatively. The study also confirms that financially constrained firms perceive the impact of financing sources on their R&D differently than non-financially constrained firms do. Results also slightly differ between high-tech and non-high-tech firms.

scholarly journals German Bank of Soviet Russia (Activity of the German-Volga Bank of Agricultural Credit in the 1920s)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-653
Author(s):  
Yu. P. Golitsyn ◽  
◽  
A. S. Sokolov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Soviet Russia

The transition of Soviet Russia from “war communism” to a new economic policy required the restoration of commodity-money exchange, the financial and tax system, credit and other market institutions. The need for rapid recovery and development of all branches of the national economy predetermined a certain departure from the “communist” views on banking and in the early 1920s. in the country, along with the State Bank, special banks appeared. These banks, being under the control of the relevant economic commissariats, ensured the implementation of the necessary financial and credit policy in this branch of the national economy. The article examines the activity of the German-Volga Agricultural Credit Bank in the ASSR of the Volga Germans during the period of the new economic policy. Special attention is paid to the bank’s issuance of a bond loan intended for placement, primarily on the foreign market. The bank bonds were supposed to be placed in Germany and among the German diasporas of the United States and Latin America. The article analyzes the activities of Nemvolbank in attracting foreign currency funds. The source base was the documents stored in the Russian State Archive of Economics in the funds of the Ministry of Finance of the USSR and the Ministry of Foreign Trade of the USSR: correspondence between the leadership of the ASSR of the Volga Germans about the issue of the loan and the terms of its placement, Regulations on the issue of bonds, etc. The role of the bank in the development of Soviet- German financial and economic relations within the framework of the diplomatic rapprochement of the two countries is traced. Shown activity Newalliance for the return of German colonists, immigrants back in the Volga region. It is concluded that the German-Volga Bank conducted quite active foreign trade activities.

scholarly journals New Economic Policy – Practical Experience of Creating a New Socio-Economic Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
V. N. Kovnir ◽  
O. D. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Mixed Economy ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

The article describes the stages and main activities carried out in the framework of the new economic policy (19211927) are considered. The place and role of NEP in the economic history of Russia, despite the past 100 years, are still following discussion issues. In particular, the question of the impact of a new economic policy on the formation of a mixed economy in developed capitalist countries in the second half of the 20th century was relevant. In the 1920s, an economic system was built in Russia in Russia, which can be developed as a mixed economy, which has proven its flexibility and effectiveness in solving the most complicated economic tasks. The article analyzes the experience of NEP based on the use of the methodology of institutional theory. The activities of the authorities during this period were aimed at the adaptation of old institutes, skills, mentality of the population in the conditions of a tight deficit of all resources to new requirements, primarily in the economy. The importance of the tasks facing the tasks and the limited time released by history to their decision determined the choice of a rigid totalitarian style of economic management and society, which did not allow to reveal the potential capabilities of the ECAP economic mechanism.

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