scholarly journals Effect of Oxidative Sardin Fish Oil for Food Utilization

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Pitria Andriyani ◽  
Tati Nurhayati ◽  
Sugeng Heri Suseno
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
P Value ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Refined Oil ◽  
Predominant Fatty Acid

Sardine is an economic fish industry product in Indonesia. Sardin fish oil of fish meal by-product can be processed into ethyl ester as a food grade product. The purpose of this study were to determine the chemical and physical the best ethyl ester of Semirefined and refined oil from sardine fish meal by-products. Results showed that heavy metals detected was cadmium (Cd) value, i.e. 0.02 ppm. SFA content of crude oil sardines was 29.39% with palmitic acid (16.24%) as the predominant fatty acids. The MUFA content amounted to 14.87% with palmitic acid as the predominant fatty acid (5.76%). The PUFA content were 35.47% with DHA (17.07%) as the predominant fatty acid, while EPA amounted to 13.82%. Semirefined oil  transformed into Semirefined ethyl ester oil was the best on oxidative and physical parameters. Oxidation process produced Semirefined ethyl ester with 1.50±0.00 mEq/kg peroxide value (PV), 0.90±0.15% fatty<br />acids (% FFA), 5.46±0.32 mEq/kg Anisidin p-value (p-AV), 8.46±0.32 mEq/kg oxidation (TOTOKS), 62.15±0.27%T viscosity and and 5.65±0,26 cP clarity.

scholarly journals Study on the derived based catalysts from Theobroma cacao pod husks for the conversion of beef tallow blend with waste used vegetable oil for fatty acid ethyl ester synthesis: burnt, submerged fermented, calcination, hybrid design, catalyst refining and reusability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adepoju TUNDE FOLORUNSHO ◽  
Ibeh A Mayen ◽  
Babatunde E O ◽  
Asuquo A Jackson ◽  
Eloboka C
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
High Yield ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hybrid Design ◽  
Catalyst Amount

Abstract Billions of dollars paid by industries on catalysts used as feedstocks to obtain their end products are increasing at a geometrical rate, the report revealed that the global marketplace price of catalysts stood at USD 26.1 billion in 2019, and is anticipated to increase by 4% in 2020, and 4.5% progress rate in 2025. To salvage the world from extravagance spending, there is an urgent need for biomass wastes consideration and utilization. In this paper, three novel CaO-based catalysts derived from Theobroma cacao pod husks were tested based on efficacy for the production of biodiesel (fatty acid ethyl ester: FAEE) from the blend of beef tallow-waste use oil in the ratio of 5:95 (BTO5),10:90 (BTO10),15:85 (BTO15), 20:80 (BTO20),….., 95:5 (BTO95), respectively. Process optimization of the transesterification reaction was carried out using a hybrid design to determine the effects of catalyst on the FAEE yield. The efficiencies of the catalyst were tested via the refining and reusability test. Results revealed the oil blend ratio of BTO60: WUO40 sufficiently produced low viscous oil that was easily converted to biodiesel. Catalysts' characterization revealed the three catalysts produced high CaO-based of 68.20, 81.46, and 87.65 (wt.%), which accounted for the high yield of FAEEs. Mathematical optimization showed that the catalyst amount (F-value between 14159.69-3063.24 with P-value between 0.0053-0.0115), played the most significant role in oil conversion to biodiesel among the constraint factors considered (reaction time, catalyst amount, reaction temperature, and EtOH/OMR). Based on Box-Cox transformation, the values of the lambda obtained indicated a normal data results with an inverse function of Y2 and Y3 and normal function of Y3 for polynomial model accuracy. Optimum validated FAEEs yields of 92.81, 93.02, and 99.64 (%wt.), respectively, with high R2. The qualities of the FAEEs were within the standard specification and the produced catalysts can serve as feedstocks for industrial application.

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Expression of Fatty Acyl Desaturase 2 (fads2) Gene in Peripheral Blood Cells (PBCs) and Liver in Gilthead Seabream, Sparus aurata Broodstock Fed a Low n-3 LC-PUFA Diet

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shajahan Ferosekhan ◽  
Serhat Turkmen ◽  
Hanlin Xu ◽  
Juan Manuel Afonso ◽  
Maria Jesus Zamorano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Peripheral Blood Cells ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
The Relationship

The principle aim of this study is to elucidate the relationship between the fatty acid desaturase 2 gene (fads2) expression pattern in peripheral blood cells (PBCs) and liver of gilthead seabream (GSB), Sparus aurata broodstock in order to determine the possible use of fads2 expression as a potential biomarker for the selection of broodstock. This selection could be utilized for breeding programs aiming to improve reproduction, health, and nutritional status. Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT)-tagged GSB broodstock (Male-1.22 ± 0.20 kg; 44.8 ± 2 cm and female-2.36 ± 0.64 kg; 55.1 cm) were fed a diet containing low levels of fish meal and fish oil (EPA 2.5; DHA 1.7 and n-3 LC-PUFA 4.6% TFA) for one month. After the feeding period, fads2 expression in PBCs and liver of both male and female broodstock were highly significantly correlated (r = 0.89; p < 0.001). Additionally, in male broodstock, liver fads2 expression was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) to liver contents in 16:0 (r = 0.95; p = 0.04) and total saturates (r = 0.97; p = 0.03) as well as to 20:3n–6/20:2n–6 (r = 0.98; p = 0.02) a Fads2 product/precursor ratio. Overall, we found a positive and significant correlation between fads2 expression levels in the PBCs and liver of GSB broodstock. PBCs fads2 expression levels indicate a strong potential for utilization as a non-invasive method to select animals having increased fatty acid bioconversion capability, better able to deal with diets free of fish meal and fish oil.

Effects of fish meal- and fish oil-free diets on growth responses and fatty acid composition of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

Aquaculture ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 360-361 ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald G. Twibell ◽  
Ann L. Gannam ◽  
Nathan M. Hyde ◽  
John S.A. Holmes ◽  
Jeff B. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Growth Responses

Ethyl arachidonate is the predominant fatty acid ethyl ester in the brains of alcohol-intoxicated subjects at autopsy

Lipids ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Refaai ◽  
P. N. Nguyen ◽  
J. E. Cluette-Brown ◽  
M. Laposata
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Predominant Fatty Acid

scholarly journals Minimizing marine ingredients in diets of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Effects on growth performance and muscle lipid and fatty acid composition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Beheshti Foroutani ◽  
Christopher C. Parrish ◽  
Jeanette Wells ◽  
Richard Taylor ◽  
Matthew Rise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Muscle Lipid ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Farmed Atlantic Salmon ◽  
By Products

AbstractDue to limited fish meal and fish oil resources and their high costs for the aquaculture industry, it is necessary to find alternative sustainable sources of protein and lipids. Therefore, seven different diets were formulated with different protein and lipid sources to feed farmed Atlantic salmon, and their effects on growth performance, muscle lipid class, and fatty acid composition were examined. Growth performance indicated that the diet with the lowest fish meal and fish oil content resulted in the lowest weight gain and final weight, followed by the diet containing the highest level of animal by-products. The lipid class analysis showed no statistical difference in the muscle total lipid content using different diets. However, significant statistical differences were observed among the main lipid classes; triacylglycerols, phospholipids, and sterols. The diet containing 1.4% omega-3 long-chain fatty acids resulted in the highest content of triacylglycerols and phospholipids. Diets containing medium and low levels of fish oil and fish meal, respectively, led to as high a level of ω3 fatty acids in muscle as when fish were fed diets with high levels of fish meal and fish oil. The results of this study suggest that feeding a diet containing low levels of fish meal and moderate levels of fish oil does not significantly affect ω3 fatty acid composition in muscle. Fish meal could be reduced to 5% without affecting growth as long as there was a minimum of 5% fish oil, and animal by-products did not exceed 26% of the diet.

scholarly journals Study on the derived based catalysts from Theobroma cacao pod husks for the conversion of beef tallow blend with waste used vegetable oil for fatty acid ethyl ester synthesis: burnt, submerged fermented, calcination, hybrid design, catalyst refining and reusability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adepoju T F ◽  
Ibeh A Mayen ◽  
Babatunde E O ◽  
Eloboka C
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
High Yield ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hybrid Design ◽  
Catalyst Amount

Abstract Billions of dollars paid by industries on catalysts used as feedstocks to obtain their end products are increasing at a geometrical rate, the report revealed that the global marketplace price of catalysts stood at USD 26.1 billion in 2019, and is anticipated to increase by 4% in 2020, and 4.5% progress rate in 2025. To salvage the world from extravagance spending, there is an urgent need for biomass wastes consideration and utilization. In this paper, three novel CaO-based catalysts derived from Theobroma cacao pod husks were tested based on efficacy for the production of biodiesel (fatty acid ethyl ester: FAEE) from the blend of beef tallow-waste use oil in the ratio of 5:95 (BTO5),10:90 (BTO10),15:85 (BTO15), 20:80 (BTO20),….., 95:5 (BTO95), respectively. Process optimization of the transesterification reaction was carried out using a hybrid design to determine the effects of catalyst on the FAEE yield. The efficiencies of the catalyst were tested via the refining and reusability test. Results revealed the oil blend ratio of BTO60: WUO40 sufficiently produced low viscous oil that was easily converted to biodiesel. Catalysts' characterization revealed the three catalysts produced high CaO-based of 68.20, 81.46, and 87.65 (wt.%), which accounted for the high yield of FAEEs.Mathematical optimization showed that the catalyst amount (F-value between 14159.69-3063.24 with P-value between 0.0053-0.0115), played the most significant role in oil conversion to biodiesel among the constraint factors considered (reaction time, catalyst amount, reaction temperature, and EtOH/OMR).Based on Box-Cox transformation, the values of the lambda obtained indicated a normal data results with an inverse function of Y2 and Y3 and normal function of Y3 for polynomial model accuracy. Optimum validated FAEEs yields of 92.81, 93.02, and 99.64 (%wt.), respectively, with high R2. The qualities of the FAEEs were within the standard specification and the produced catalysts can serve as feedstocks for industrial application.

Efficient Production of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Enriched Feed Oil from Soapstock

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 1005-1008
Author(s):  
Xiao E Chen ◽  
Ya Mei Jiang ◽  
Xu Bo Fang ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Jian Fang Gong
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Catalysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Epa And Dha

In this study, the ethyl ester of EPA and DHA was produced, using the soapstock (soap lye and solid lipid) of fish oil as the raw material through acid catalysis and alkali catalysis, whose optimal conditions were investigated. It was obtained that the optimal conditions for acid catalysis (a) and alkali catalysis (b) were as follows: (a) refluxing for 4h at normal atmosphere, 80, phosphoric acid, 3%, [w/w], alcohol, 65%, [v/v]; (b) sodium hydroxide, 1% [w/w], alcohol, 40% [v/v], 50for 2-6h in the stirred autoclave. Under the optimal conditions, a conversion ratio of ethyl ester fish oil of 96.8% (a) and 97.4% (b) were obtained. The concentration of EPA and DHA was enhanced from 30% to 60.7% through three class molecular distillation method. This n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched fish oil may be a valuable supplement in the green feed.

scholarly journals Optimizing the Timeframe to Produce Polychaetes (Hediste diversicolor) Enriched With Essential Fatty Acids Under Different Combinations of Temperature and Salinity

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jerónimo ◽  
Ana Isabel Lillebø ◽  
Felisa Rey ◽  
Henrique Koga Ii ◽  
M. Rosário M. Domingues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Hediste Diversicolor ◽  
Alternative Ingredient ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acids

Polychaetes can be successfully employed to recover essential fatty acids (EFA) from wasted uneaten aquafeeds present in aquaculture effluents. The optimization of the timeframe required to produce premium ragworms (Hediste diversicolor) biomass rich in EFA is paramount to make available to the aquafeeds industry another alternative ingredient to fish meal and fish oil. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential enrichment of ragworms fatty acid (FA) profile when fed a commercial aquafeed during 10, 20, and 40 days (D10, D20, and D40) under different combinations of water temperature (20 and 25°C) and salinity (15, 20, and 25). Total FA incremented progressively overtime, with D40 polychaetes exhibiting average values ranging between 70 and 90 μg mg–1 DW. The average values of n-6 FA ranged between 13 and 17 μg mg–1 DW, while that of n-3 FA varied between 17 and 19 μg mg–1 DW at D40. No significant differences were found in the FA profile of H. diversicolor cultured under different combinations of temperature and salinity. The FA profile of cultured polychaetes exhibited between 28 and 31% dissimilarity from that of wild conspecifics and displayed a higher content of two essential n-3 FA: eicosapentaenoic (20:5 n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (22:6 n-3, DHA) (values ranging between 9.6–11.2% and 4.3–5.0% of total FA, respectively). A higher similarity in FA profile was recorded between D40 polychaetes and aquafeed than with initially stocked or wild specimens. Palmitic (16:0), oleic (18:1 n-9), linoleic (18:2 n-6), eicosadienoic (20:2 n-6), EPA (20:5 n-3), and DHA (22:6 n-3) were the FA whose concentration exhibited the highest increment. Evidence of de novo FA biosynthesis was observed through the formation of some FA that were neither present in the initially stocked biomass, nor in the aquafeed supplied, such as 5,11-eicosadienoate (Δ5,1120:2), 7,13,16-docosatrienoate (Δ7,13,1622:3), dihomo-gamma-linolenic (20:3 n-6), eicosatrienoic (20:3 n-3) and eicosatetraenoic (20:4 n-3) acids. A plateau of total FA, n-6, and n-3 FA was not reached over the study period. Overall, the present study highlights the potential of H. diversicolor as an extractive species for integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) applications.

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