Water: Wastewater generation and discharge (Edition 2020)

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Generation

Global, regional, and country level need for data on wastewater generation, treatment, and use

2013 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Sato ◽  
Manzoor Qadir ◽  
Sadahiro Yamamoto ◽  
Tsuneyoshi Endo ◽  
Ahmad Zahoor
Keyword(s):  
Country Level ◽  
Wastewater Generation

A compact and scalable fabrication method for robust thin film composite membranes

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1887-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hoon Kim ◽  
Marcus Cook ◽  
Sang Hyun Park ◽  
Sun Ju Moon ◽  
Jeong F. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Fabrication Method ◽  
Film Composite ◽  
Thin Film Composite ◽  
Membrane Fabrication ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Process ◽  
Wastewater Generation

A compact and scalable membrane fabrication method proposes an environmentally friendly process intensification in terms of efficiently reduced production time, chemical consumption, and wastewater generation, resulting in a robust membrane.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Bottlenecks of the Fungal Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass

Fermentation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Vasco-Correa ◽  
Ajay Shah
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Process Improvements ◽  
Current State ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstocks ◽  
Fungal Pretreatment ◽  
Wastewater Generation

Fungal pretreatment is a biological process that uses rotting fungi to reduce the recalcitrance and enhance the enzymatic digestibility of lignocellulosic feedstocks at low temperature, without added chemicals and wastewater generation. Thus, it has been presumed to be low cost. However, fungal pretreatment requires longer incubation times and generates lower yields than traditional pretreatments. Thus, this study assesses the techno-economic feasibility of a fungal pretreatment facility for the production of fermentable sugars for a 75,700 m3 (20 million gallons) per year cellulosic bioethanol plant. Four feedstocks were evaluated: perennial grasses, corn stover, agricultural residues other than corn stover, and hardwood. The lowest estimated sugars production cost ($1.6/kg) was obtained from corn stover, and was 4–15 times as much as previous estimates for conventional pretreatment technologies. The facility-related cost was the major contributor (46–51%) to the sugar production cost, mainly because of the requirement of large equipment in high quantities, due to process bottlenecks such as low sugar yields, low feedstock bulk density, long fungal pretreatment times, and sterilization requirements. At the current state of the technology, fungal pretreatment at biorefinery scale does not appear to be economically feasible, and considerable process improvements are still required to achieve product cost targets.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Water Consumption and Wastewater Generation Impacts of a Marcellus Shale Gas Well

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1911-1920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Jiang ◽  
Chris T. Hendrickson ◽  
Jeanne M. VanBriesen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Marcellus Shale ◽  
Gas Well ◽  
Wastewater Generation

Industrial wastewater minimization using water pinch analysis: a case study on an old textile plant

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ujang ◽  
C.L. Wong ◽  
Z.A. Manan
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Pinch Analysis ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Water Pinch ◽  
Wastewater Generation

Industrial wastewater minimization can be conducted using four main strategies: (i) reuse; (ii) regeneration-reuse; (iii) regeneration-recycling; and (iv) process changes. This study is concerned with (i) and (ii) to investigate the most suitable approach to wastewater minimization for an old textile industry plant. A systematic water networks design using water pinch analysis (WPA) was developed to minimize the water usage and wastewater generation for the textile plant. COD was chosen as the main parameter. An integrated design method has been applied, which brings the engineering insight using WPA that can determine the minimum flowrate of the water usage and then minimize the water consumption and wastewater generation as well. The overall result of this study shows that WPA has been effectively applied using both reuse and regeneration-reuse strategies for the old textile industry plant, and reduced the operating cost by 16% and 50% respectively.

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