Hypothyroidism Talking Points 2006

2006 ◽  
Vol 00 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R Garber
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Extract ◽  
Endemic Cretinism ◽  
One Year ◽  
Emil Theodor Kocher ◽  
Theodor Kocher

In 1603 Paracelsus described endemic cretinism. Over 150 years later, in 1878, Ord proposed the term myxedema to describe the clinical features of the “‘cretinoid’ affection occasionally observed in middleaged women”. In 1883, Emil Theodor Kocher reported myxedema after thyroidectomy. This led to a 1909 Nobel Prize in Medicine “for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland.” Modern endocrinology’s birth followed in 1891 when Murray injected sheep thyroid extract into a patient with myxedema. Just one year later injection was replaced by “eating ground or fried sheep thyroid or tablets of dried thyroid tissue.”

scholarly journals On the 180th anniversary of Emil Theodor Kocher, a Swiss thyroid surgeon

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
A. A. Tulsky ◽  
E. M. Demina
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Doctor Who ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Emil Theodor Kocher ◽  
Theodor Kocher

August 25, 2021 marks the 180th anniversary of the birth of the renowned physician Emil Theodor Kocher. He was a man whose talent has manifested itself in various fields of medicine. Nowadays it is impossible to imagine a doctor who does not know the name of Kocher, because he is the author of many surgical methods and techniques that are still valid, despite advances in modern medicine. Furthermore, some of the instruments designed by Kocher are still used in surgery. In addition to the biography of Kocher, this article considers information about his work in the field of thyroidology, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1909. Kocher has performed more than 5,000 thyroidectomies during his career. Thanks to the technique he developed, the mortality rate of that surgery decreased at least fortyfold. In those days there were not researches on functions of the thyroid gland, but Kocher noticed that total thyroidectomy leads to serious consequences. Therefore he refused to do such surgeries without invariable indications.

scholarly journals Emil Theodor Kocher: an innovator surgeon.

1969 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
María Liliana Franco ◽  
Natalia Acosta ◽  
Lilian Chuaire
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Emil Theodor Kocher ◽  
Theodor Kocher

Emil Theodor Kocher is considered along with Frank Lahey, Theodor Billroth, William Halsted, Charles Mayo, George Crile and Thomas Dunhill as one of the «Magnificent Seven», referring to the group of surgeons who managed thyroidectomy to make it a safe and efficient intervention that it is now practiced throughout the world. He was author of numerous contributions towards medicine. One of his most important contributions was to elucidate the function of the thyroid gland, through the observation and study of thyroidectomyzed patients, for which he was recognized by the academic and scientific community during the early twentieth century.

Emil Theodor Kocher, M.D., and His Nobel Prize (1841–1917)

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 1322-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Ven Fong ◽  
Ernest L. Rosato ◽  
Harish Lavu ◽  
Charles J. Yeo ◽  
Scott W. Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Emil Theodor Kocher ◽  
Theodor Kocher

scholarly journals Emil Theodor Kocher (1841-1917): Orthopaedic surgeon and the first surgeon Nobel Prize winner

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Bumbasirevic ◽  
Slavisa Zagorac ◽  
Aleksandar Lesic
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Nobel Prize Winner ◽  
Endocrine Surgery ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Shoulder Joints ◽  
Many Instruments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Thyroid Gland Surgery ◽  
Emil Theodor Kocher ◽  
Theodor Kocher

Theodor Emil Kocher (1841-1917) was born in Bern and educated in several universities in Europe. Like many surgeons of that time, Kocher performed orthopaedic surgery, general surgery, neurosurgery and endocrine surgery and became famous in many fields. He is remembered for his description of a new approach to the hip joint and elbow joint, as well as a maneuver for reduction of dislocated shoulder joints. He introduced many instruments and some of them, such as the Kocher clamp are still in use. His most important contribution was thyroid gland surgery, and he received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1909, for this advancement. He was a scientific, hard working meticulous surgeon, dedicated to his patients and students, which found him a place in the history of medicine.

scholarly journals Historical review of the thyroid gland surgery

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mile Ignjatovic
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Surgical Skills ◽  
Scientific Level ◽  
Thyroid Gland Surgery ◽  
Theodor Kocher ◽  
Xix Century

Thyroid gland surgery passed through history from the suggestions for prohibition, during middle of XIX century due to unacceptable mortality even for mediaeval conditions, to highest level of surgical art later, as W. Halsted sad. First thyreoidectomy was done by Albucasis (El Zahrawi) in 925 A.D, and after him by Roger from Salerno. While Pierre-Joseph Desault in 1791 has done first operation on thyroid gland that can fulfill today?s criteria, Theodor Billroth gave scientific grounds of thyroid surgery. Genius attitude and surgical talent of Theodor Kocher raised thyroid surgery on scientific level, brought surgical skills on the top of surgical art pyramid, and brought him personally to the Nobel Prize in 1909. Very important contribution to development of thyroid surgery gave its giants: Johann von Mikulicz, William Halsted, Charles Mayo, George W. Crile and Frank Lahey. Thomas P. Dunhill, F. A. Coller, A. M. Boyden, and many others did important contribution, too. Development of thyroid surgery was constant to nowadays, with tendention for multidisciplinary approach in specialized centers. Thyroid surgery in Serbia followed this world trends, in spite of great problems in this area during history.

TUMOURS OF THE HYPOPHYSIS AND THE THYROID IN MICE

1955 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mühlbock
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Thiouracil Derivatives

SUMMARY Hypophyseal tumours in mice develop after prolonged treatment with oestrogens, after injection of radioactive iodine in doses which destroy the thyroid tissue and after prolonged treatment with thiouracil-derivatives. The tumours of the hypophysis only occur in certain strains of mice and hence the genetic constitution is of importance. The origin of this difference between strains has hitherto remained completely obscure. The hypophyseal tumours in mice seen following administration of oestrogens and those observed after destruction of the thyroid gland are morphologically similar. They consist of cells staining blue to varying degrees, and they may thus be termed amphophile tumours. The possible mechanism of development of the hypophyseal tumours has been discussed.

EPIDEMIC THYROIDITIS

1964 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hintze ◽  
P. Fortelius ◽  
J. Railo
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Subacute Thyroiditis ◽  
Present Observation ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Endemic Goitre

ABSTRACT A type of subacute thyroiditis occurring epidemically in a factory in Helsinki was observed in 44 cases. In every case the thyroiditis followed an acute infection of the upper respiratory tract. The variation in incidence during one and a half years was in good agreement with that of the acute infection. Since Helsinki is in an endemic goitre region, the fact that the disease was of the migrating type was of great diagnostic importance. In all cases but one, the nodules have persisted. One case of asymptomatic thyroiditis was seen. In the majority of the patients the thyroid gland had been carefully palpated before the thyroiditis occurred, and in all cases the condition was followed up by the same investigator. Special attention was paid to changes in the iodine metabolism, the serum cholesterol, the electrophoretic distribution pattern of the serum proteins, and the circulating thyroid auto-antibodies. In many cases needle biopsy of the thyroid gland was performed. Thyroid function invariably returned to normal with time, although one patient remained in a hypothyroid state for about a year. In no cases were thyroid auto-antibodies found. For the beta-globulin fraction, the electrophoretic distribution pattern of the serum proteins gave values which were still not normalized in any case, and only in two cases was the alpha2-fraction normalized. The needle biopsy, when thyroid tissue was obtained, showed almost the same picture as in endemic goitre, but in some specimens nonspecific inflammatory changes were seen. Prednisolone relieved the symptoms, but did not affect the course of the disease. According to the present observation this type of epidemic thyroiditis would seem to represent a form of nonspecific subacute thyroiditis.

Compensated 131I-therapy of solitary autonomous thyroid nodules: effect on thyroid size and early hypothyroidism

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo Hegedüs ◽  
Dagmar Veiergang ◽  
Steen Karstrup ◽  
Jens Mølholm Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
131I Therapy ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Gland Volume ◽  
Thyroid Gland Volume ◽  
One Year ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients

Abstract. Thyroid function and thyroid gland volume, ultrasonically determined, were investigated in 27 hyperthyroid patients with solitary autonomous thyroid nodules before and during one year after 131I-treatment. Total thyroid volume decreased gradually from 40.9 ± 3.5 ml (mean ± sem) before treatment to 23.9 ± 1.8 ml (P < 0.001) at 3 months after 131I-treatment. No further change was observed. All but two patients received only one dose of 131I, and in spite of a significant decrease also of the non-adenoma side of the gland, none became hypothyroid. We conclude that 131I-therapy has an important place in the treatment of solitary autonomous thyroid nodules since all our patients became euthyroid within 3 months, only 2 of 27 patients needed more than one dose of 131I, no cases of hypothyroidism occurred, and thyroid volume was substantially decreased.

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