Worldwide Coverage of Newborn Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism—A Public Health Challenge

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H LaFranchi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Challenge ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Over 40 Years

Despite the fact that programs began detecting neonates with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) over 40 years ago, at present only 30 % of the world birth population (approximately 127 million) undergoes screening for this disorder. The estimated cost of detection by screening, $15,400 compares with a lifetime expense of $1,296,000 in developed countries. The annual cost of the 30,000 CH cases not identified and treated early is approximately $40 billion dollars. Increasing the coverage of newborn screening worldwide remains a significant public health challenge.

Worldwide Coverage of Newborn Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism— A Public Health Challenge

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Stephen H LaFranchi, MD ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Challenge ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Over 40 Years

Despite the fact that programs began detecting neonates with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) over 40 years ago, at present only 30 % of the world birth population (approximately 127 million) undergoes screening for this disorder. The estimated cost of detection by screening, $15,400 compares with a lifetime expense of $1,296,000 in developed countries. The annual cost of the 30,000 CH cases not identified and treated early is approximately $40 billion dollars. Increasing the coverage of newborn screening worldwide remains a significant public health challenge.

Asia-Pacific Consensus Statement on integrated 24-hour activity guidelines for children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2021-104527
Author(s):  
Benny Kai Guo Loo ◽  
Anthony David Okely ◽  
Aman Pulungan ◽  
Muhammad Yazid Jalaludin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Health Challenge ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Challenge

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) constitute a significant public health challenge and pose a great burden on health and social systems throughout the world. The Asia-Pacific region is in a vulnerable position as the prevalence of NCDs will inevitably increase with rapid socioeconomic transitions; yet it is ill prepared for this public health challenge as Asian children are among the most physically inactive in the world. Aligned with the WHO’s global strategy to control NCDs via preventive measures and health promotion policies, representatives from the Asia-Pacific region came together to develop consensus statement on integrated 24-hour activity guidelines for children and adolescents. These guidelines apply to children and adolescents, aged 5–18 years, in the Asia-Pacific region, regardless of gender, cultural background or socioeconomic status. These guidelines aim to provide the latest evidence-based recommendations, taking a holistic approach to lifestyle activities and adopting a practical perspective by framing these activities within a 24-hour period. Eating and dietary elements were incorporated as they closely influence the energy balance of the movement behaviours and vice versa. By investing in the younger generations through advocacy for healthier lifestyles, we aim to reduce the burden of NCDs in the Asia-Pacific region.

scholarly journals Vaccination during a pandemic - a public health challenge

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-619
Author(s):  
Faruqueuddin Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
Health Challenge ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Pass Through

Since the emergence of COVID 19 virus, scientists all over the world are working at breakneck speed to develop a vaccine. Development of a vaccine is not a competitive race to the finish as it must pass through a stringent process of evaluation. The process includes vaccines’ immunogenicity, duration of immunity, efficacy of protection, interaction with other antigens, dosage, route of administration, packaging, and thermostability and expected adverse events and safety. Efficacy of a new vaccine is measured in clinical trials under ideal conditions, whereas its effectiveness is measured in the field under actual program conditions. (1) In normal circumstances, vaccine development is a prolonged process, averaging over 10 years from start to finish (2). To meet the urgent, need a COVID 19 vaccine may be available in a much shorter-term frame, at the earliest in 18 months.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Management of Prehypertension

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Zhang ◽  
Ninghua Li
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Health Challenge ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Challenge

Prehypertension remains an important public health challenge all over the world and appropriate treatments should be adopted to prehypertensive group in different degree effectively. This review aimed to assess the prevalence of Prehypertension and provide effective evidence of the benefits of treating prehypertensive patients. The reasonable evaluation and appropriate intervention of prehypertensive remain need further study.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis: yesterday, today and tomorrow

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Chris Lowbridge ◽  
Anna P Ralph
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Health Challenge ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Challenge

Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health challenge globally and in Australia. For the more than 10 million people who become sick with TB each year, the disease can cause immense personal and economic hardship, including loss of income and education through ill health, prolonged and arduous treatment, and stigmatisation – perpetuating a cycle of disadvantage. Past efforts to control TB have taught us much about modern disease control and public health. As the world grapples with the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the response to TB provides valuable lessons which can inform our response to COVID-19.

scholarly journals NOMA: A Preventable “Scourge” of African Children

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalu U.E Ogbureke ◽  
Ezinne I Ogbureke
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Surgical Reconstruction ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Challenge ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Global Eradication ◽  
The Developed Countries

Noma is a serious orofacial gangrene originating intraorally in the gingival-oral mucosa complex before spreading extraorally to produce a visibly destructive ulcer. Although cases of noma are now rarely reported in the developed countries, it is still prevalent among children in third world countries, notably in sub-Sahara Africa, where poverty, ignorance, malnutrition, and preventable childhood infections are still common. This review summarizes historical, epidemiological, management, and research updates on noma with suggestions for its prevention and ultimate global eradication. The global annual incidence remains high at about 140,000 cases, with a mortality rate exceeding 90% for untreated diseases. Where the patients survive, noma defects result in unsightly facial disfigurement, intense scarring, trismus, oral incompetence, and social alienation. Although the etiology has long been held to be infectious, a definitive causal role between microorganisms cited, and noma has been difficult to establish. The management of noma with active disease requires antibiotics followed by reconstructive surgery. Current research efforts are focused towards a comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology, and further elucidation of the microbiology and pathogenesis of noma.Although a formidable public health challenge, noma can be prevented with a potential for subsequent global eradication. To achieve both desirable goals, detection of early disease is crucial because these early lesions respond to conventional antibiotic treatments when instituted side by side with nutritional rehabilitation, and obviates the necessity for extensive surgical reconstruction often indicated in late stage disease. The eradication of noma in the developed world in the mid 20thcentury bears out the notion of a similar outcome following effective preventive strategies in Africa. A fundamental and necessary step towards attaining this goal is for the international community to adopt a perception of noma as an urgent global public health challenge. Research effort toward deciphering the microbiology, molecular events, and pathogenesis of noma also should intensify.

ADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF СOVID-19, SARS-COV-2 VIRUS AND THE DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
A.A. Korenkova ◽  
◽  
E.M. Mayorova ◽  
V.V. Bahmetjev ◽  
M.V. Tretyak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Optimal Therapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The new coronavirus infection has posed a major public health challenge around the world, but new data on the disease raises more questions than answers. The lack of optimal therapy is a significant problem. The article examines the molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the pathogenesis of COVID-19, special attention is paid to features of pathological processes and immune responses in children. COVID-19 leads to a wide diversity of negative outcomes, many of which can persist for at least months. Many of the consequences have yet to be identified. SARS-CoV-2 may provoke autoimmune reactions. Reinfection, herd immunity, vaccines and other prevention measures are also discussed in this review.

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