scholarly journals Nanotechnology in Neurology—Current Status and Future Possibilities

US Neurology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M Provenzale ◽  
Aaron M Mohs ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Nanoparticle Delivery ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neuro Protection

The field of nanomedicine is rapidly emerging and will provide many novel methods for diagnosis and treatment. In this article the applications of nanotechnology to the central nervous system (CNS) will be described. Nanotechnology provides many potential solutions to various problems encountered in CNS diseases. Specifically, nanomedicine offers the possibility of new methods of drug delivery, more sensitive and specific means for diagnosis of disease at earlier stages and assessment of treatment response, and also potential techniques for neuro-protection and neuro-engineering. In this article, information is provided on the various types of nanoparticles involved in medical applications, the principles of nanoparticle delivery and targeting, and bothin vivoandex vivouses of nanoscale materials.

scholarly journals In vivo pulse-labeling of isochronic cohorts of cells in the central nervous system using FlashTag

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subashika Govindan ◽  
Polina Oberst ◽  
Denis Jabaudon
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
System A ◽  
M Phase ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractThis protocol describes a fluorescence birthdating technique to label, track and isolate isochronic cohorts of newborn cells in the central nervous system in vivo. Injection of carboxyfluorescein esters into the cerebral ventricle allows pulse-labeling of M-phase progenitors in touch with the ventricle and their progeny across the central nervous system, a procedure we termed FlashTag. Labeled cells can be imaged ex vivo or in fixed tissue, targeted for electrophysiological experiments, or isolated using Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) for cell culture or (single-cell) RNA-sequencing. The dye is retained for several weeks, allowing labeled cells to be identified postnatally. This protocol describes the labeling procedure using in utero injection, the isolation of live cells using FACS, as well as the processing of labeled tissue using immunohistochemistry.

scholarly journals Innovative high-resolution microCT imaging of animal brain vasculature

2020 ◽  
Vol 225 (9) ◽  
pp. 2885-2895
Author(s):  
Ruslan Hlushchuk ◽  
David Haberthür ◽  
Petr Soukup ◽  
Sebastien F. Barré ◽  
Oleksiy-Zakhar Khoma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Dura Mater ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Microct Imaging

AbstractAnalysis of the angioarchitecture and quantification of the conduit vessels and microvasculature is of paramount importance for understanding the physiological and pathological processes within the central nervous system (CNS). Most of the available in vivo imaging methods lack penetration depth and/or resolution. Some ex vivo methods may provide better resolution, but are mainly destructive, as they are designed for imaging the CNS tissues after their removal from the skull or vertebral column. The removal procedure inevitably alters the in situ relations of the investigated structures and damages the dura mater and leptomeninges. µAngiofil, a polymer-based contrast agent, permits a qualitatively novel postmortem microangio-computed tomography (microangioCT) approach with excellent resolution and, therefore, visualization of the smallest brain capillaries. The datasets obtained empower a rather straightforward quantitative analysis of the vascular tree, including the microvasculature. The µAngiofil has an excellent filling capacity as well as a radio-opacity higher than the one of bone tissue, which allows imaging the cerebral microvasculature even within the intact skull or vertebral column. This permits in situ visualization and thus investigation of the dura mater and leptomeningeal layers as well as their blood supply in their original geometry. Moreover, the methodology introduced here permits correlative approaches, i.e., microangioCT followed by classical histology, immunohistochemistry and even electron microscopy. The experimental approach presented here makes use of common desktop microCT scanners, rendering it a promising everyday tool for the evaluation of the (micro)vasculature of the central nervous system in preclinical and basic research.

scholarly journals Plant Species of Sub-Family Valerianaceae—A Review on Its Effect on the Central Nervous System

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Gitishree Das ◽  
Han-Seung Shin ◽  
Rosa Tundis ◽  
Sandra Gonçalves ◽  
Ourlad Alzeus G. Tantengco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Food Species ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Valerianaceae, the sub-family of Caprifoliaceae, contains more than 300 species of annual and perennial herbs, worldwide distributed. Several species are used for their biological properties while some are used as food. Species from the genus Valeriana have been used for their antispasmodic, relaxing, and sedative properties, which have been mainly attributed to the presence of valepotriates, borneol derivatives, and isovalerenic acid. Among this genus, the most common and employed species is Valerianaofficinalis. Although valerian has been traditionally used as a mild sedative, research results are still controversial regarding the role of the different active compounds, the herbal preparations, and the dosage used. The present review is designed to summarize and critically describe the current knowledge on the different plant species belonging to Valerianaceae, their phytochemicals, their uses in the treatment of different diseases with particular emphasis on the effects on the central nervous system. The available information on this sub-family was collected from scientific databases up until year 2020. The following electronic databases were used: PubMed, Scopus, Sci Finder, Web of Science, Science Direct, NCBI, and Google Scholar. The search terms used for this review included Valerianaceae, Valeriana, Centranthus, Fedia, Patrinia, Nardostachys, Plectritis, and Valerianella, phytochemical composition, in vivo studies, Central Nervous System, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antinociceptive, anxiolytic, anxiety, preclinical and clinical studies.

A radiotracer method for the measurement of central nervous system catecholamines in vivo

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Tang ◽  
H. C. Stancer ◽  
J. J. Warsh
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Brain Catecholamines ◽  
Radiotracer Method ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

A new strategy for measurement of brain catecholamines was tested in an animal model. [3H]Norepinephrine was infused intravenously in rabbits to label the peripheral norepinephrine pools. The specific activity of urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid was consistently higher than that for 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG). Central sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine abolished this difference. Using the formula we propose, it is estimated that 30–50% of urinary MHPG originates from the central nervous system.

In Vivo Distribution and Toxicity of PAMAM Dendrimers in the Central Nervous System Depend on Their Surface Chemistry

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Albertazzi ◽  
Lisa Gherardini ◽  
Marco Brondi ◽  
Sebastian Sulis Sato ◽  
Angelo Bifone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Pamam Dendrimers ◽  
In Vivo Distribution ◽  
The Central Nervous System
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