scholarly journals 80 Years After – Ways to a common German-Polish Culture of Remembrance?

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Waldemar Czachur ◽  
Heinz-Helmut Lüger
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
80Th Anniversary ◽  
Polish Culture ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Second World

<p>The article analyses two speeches commemorating the 80th anniversary of the outbreak of the Second World War, delivered by the German President Frank Walter Steinmeier and the Polish President Andrzej Duda. The authors examine the two texts and ask what aspects of World War II the politicians evoke in their speeches, what images of the Self and the Other are created and what goals are pursued. In the beginning, the article outlines the different meanings of World War II in Polish and German collective memory, and then it proceeds to briefly characterise the commemorative speech as a type of speech. A special emphasis is placed on the analysis of the perspectives underlying the speeches, including the theses presented, as well as on the comparison of the most important differences.  </p>

CONSIGNING JUSTICE TO HISTORY: TRANSITIONAL TRIALS AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIM CHRISTIAN PRIEMEL
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One ◽  
Second World

ABSTRACTThis article reviews recent historical investigations of transitional trials held after the Second World War. It identifies three main strands of historiography. One group of studies has been dominated by the trials' participants who have shaped the perception of the trials' scope, their achievements, and their shortcomings, and pursued political, legal, or biographical agendas. A second group has treated the trials as a mere epilogue to the history of the deceased regimes. A third, more profound approach has conceptualized the trials as places where collective memory was assembled, configured, and shaped. This notion opens the debate to an analysis of how law and history on the one hand, jurisdiction, jurisprudence, and historiography on the other interact and how they impact on one another. The article compares and evaluates the benefits drawn from this research. It finds that historical analyses which take seriously the epistemological premises of the law as well as the courtroom's performativity manage to bypass well-trodden paths of interpretation which either deplore the limited, inadequate punishment meted out, or celebrate the triumphant march from Nuremberg to The Hague. The article concludes that such interdisciplinary readings help to avoid widespread disillusionment with the results of transitional trials.

scholarly journals Halting Time: Monuments to Alterity

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iver B. Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prototype Theory ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
End Point ◽  
Norbert Elias ◽  
Modern Britain ◽  
Second World

Drawing on identity and prototype theory, the article sets out to analyse the historically dominant monumentalising ways in which polities try to shore up their own Selves by halting their Others in time. The first part of the article discusses how monuments represent Self/Other relations from ancient Mesopotamia in the East to modern Britain in the West by limning off a constitutive outside, be that as visual absence or presence. Temporality is of the essence here, with the basic idea being that the Self is in temporal motion, while the Other is literally petrified. I then postulate that the Other is halted in time in three basic ways: as visual absence, as dead and as subjugated. Crucially, however, the Second World War is actually the end point of the extraordinary stability of monumental ways in which to represent the Other. We see the tentative emergence and damning of a fourth Other, namely a previous incarnation of the Self. I conclude, with Norbert Elias, that the fading away of the Other as dead and as subjugated is significant as part of a civilisation process that works against denying the Other its future agency.

The effect of World War II on industrial science

1975 ◽  
Vol 342 (1631) ◽  
pp. 505-518 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
The One ◽  
Second World ◽  
Industrial Science

The second world war made considerable demands on science within industry itself, whose scientists consequently experienced fewer basic changes of job than did their academic and Government counterparts; thus there was rather less upheaval, surprise, discontinuity, and exciting change, although of course there were new demands and new kinds of urgency. Moreover, it is possible to draw some rough conclusions about the effects of the war on industrial science by studying, on the one hand, overall economic trends and, on the other, the general pattern of innovation before, during, and after the war.

Rīga Andreja Jonahsona dzīves un daiļrades kartē

Letonica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inguna Daukste-Silasproģe
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
World War ◽  
Memory Space ◽  
Changing Times ◽  
Cultural Historian ◽  
Second World

Keywords: Andrejs Johansons, Riga, literary geography, mapping, memory space This article focuses on the collections of essays Rīgas svārki mugurā (A Riga Jacket on My Back, 1966) and Visi Rīgas nami skan (Riga Houses Resound, 1970) by the cultural historian and scholar Andrejs Johansons (1922–1983), which were written during the author’s exile in Stockholm. On one hand, they involve a very personal (biographical) layer of memories, and on the other, they present an opportunity for the reader to view them in the context of collective memory, for they are a reflection of the memories of many Second World War refugees, focusing on their lost home. For Johansons, the feeling of belonging to a place is essential and is emphasized through the invocation of Riga in the titles of both books. Riga forms an intersection between memory and place (space and environment). The urban environment of Riga and its people, the events and sensations experienced have formed, impacted, and stimulated the personality of the author, also fostering his interest in Riga’s cultural history. Johansons’ works urge the reader to look at these texts from a new angle and to analyse them with the help of digital tools available in the 21st century to give shape to the space of Riga as seen by the author involving several layers of time: historical, cultural, and personal. In both books, Johansons lets the reader visualise the places where he had lived, walked, and studied as if plotting them on a map and supplementing them with a broader context. At the same time, the memories of Riga represent the author’s youth and the unfulfilled longing and lost paradise of a wise and academically educated individual. Johansons’ Riga and its changing times are something more than memories. His books allow the reader to feel and even visualize Riga from the late 1920s to the early 1940s.

scholarly journals The 80th Anniversary of the Beginning of the Second World War in Historical and Educational Activities of the Russian Archivists

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-101
Author(s):  
Efim. I. Pivovar ◽  
◽  
Alexander S. Levchenkov ◽  
Elena A. Kosovan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World Politics ◽  
World War ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
80Th Anniversary ◽  
Second World

This article is devoted to the coverage of a number of major historical and educational projects implemented in recent years by the Russian archivists in the context of the 80th anniversary of the beginning of the Second World War of 1939-1945. Having analyzed the activities of the leading national archives in this area, including their use of modern information technologies and Internet resources, the authors link these projects with discourse of world politics and historiography on the most important factors and causes that resulted in the outbreak of World War II. In connection with heated discussions and disputes on the prerequisites and causes of the Second World War that are escalating among politicians and historians of various countries on the eve of its 80th anniversary, the Russian historians and archivists have done a tremendous job in preparing thematic historical and documentary exhibitions devoted to the most significant (from historical point of view) events that directly affected international relations in the pre-war months. Complex of audiovisual sources, which has been reviewed in this article as a part of historical and documentary exhibitions complex, confirms that it was a complex of factors and events associated with the collapse of the Versailles-Washington system of international relations that led to the outbreak of World War II; but, most of all, the policy of pandering to the aggressive revanchist aspirations of Nazi Germany by the major European powers and concern of the European allies of the USSR for strengthening of its position in international affairs. Introduction of new sources and expansion of documentary base available to general public by means of exhibitions and permanent Internet projects plays a huge role in historical and educational work in general, and in counteraction of falsification of history and of dividing the historical memory of the peoples of the former USSR and the allies of World War II in particular. Finally, it contributes to the consolidation of efforts of the national professional community of historians and archivists and to propagation of dialogue of Russian historians and archivists with their colleagues from near and far abroad.

scholarly journals WeSterN AND NOrtHerN LANDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-228
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kucharski
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Church Administration ◽  
Holy See ◽  
Reason Of State ◽  
Polish Culture ◽  
The One ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Church

Primate Stefan Wyszyński engaged in a series of administrative and diplomatic activities related to the institution of the Polish Church organisation in the Western Lands. In the years 1948-1967 he exercised his authority over the Church in this area. He initially supervised apostolic administrators in Wrocław, Opole, Gorzów Wielkopolski, and in Olsztyn and Gdańsk, and after their removal in 1951 he sanctioned vicar capitulars elected by the state authority to preserved unity of the Church in Poland. In 1956 his attempts resulted in the restoration of the relevant bishops to their posts. In 1967 at his request the Pope Paul VI excluded the Church organisation in the Western Lands from the jurisdiction of Primate of Poland and subordinated it directly to the Holy See, instituting apostolic administrations there. primate repeatedly conducted negotiations with the Holy See in case of the institution of the Polish Church organisation in this area, which ended only after the ratification of the Polish-German treaty in 1972 by the announcement of the apostolic constitution Episcoporum Poloniae coetus. During the entire period Primate repeatedly visited archdiocese of Wrocław and supported the activities of the hierarchs governing this area, initially priest Karol Milik, and subsequently priest Kazimierz Lagosz and since 1956 bishop Bolesław Kominek. Primate Wyszyński repeatedly emphasised the rights of Poland to these lands in his speeches and sermons delivered in Wrocław. He proved that they resulted, on the one hand from their historical embeddedness in the Polish culture (he was referring to the relations of Silesia with Poland in the Piast period), and on the other hand he pointed to the re-Catholising mission of the Church in these lands. He also indicated that these lands are the peculiar compensation for the losses incurred by the Polish nation during the Second World War. He perceived the tasks of the Church in this area during the period of the stabilisation of the Polish Church administration as the Polish reason of state. 

scholarly journals „Oczy szeroko zamknięte” — czyli o tym, co jest , a czego nie widać w nowych polskich muzeach o II wojnie światowej

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 99-115
Author(s):  
Magdalena Lorenc
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

“Eyes wide shut”: On what there is and what cannot be seen in new Polish Second World War museumsMuseums have always been political institutions. Owing to this engagement, they are not neutral and they should not claim objectivity. Facts and artefacts at an exhibition exemplify the assumed hypotheses. This means that visitors are objects of manipulation. In case of the Warsaw Rising Museum, which was the first narrative museum in Poland, World War II was a trial, which the first victim of the German aggression — the Polish nation en bloc — underwent successfully. Th at was a time of heroes who should be imitated. The decision about the rising was right, even though the capital and its population were annihilated as a result of it. In contrast, in the Museum of World War II in Gdańsk, the war was a tragedy for the whole humanity and a hecatomb of the civilian population, with the presentation of the history of Poland nation as just one of many. If there were heroic deeds, they were individual and exceptional. Heroism was not only combat. Survival was the aim.This means that the first museum is about “men’s adventure”, which is fighting among faithful comrades — it’s a hymn of praise to the valour of the Poles under German occupation. The more innocent the victims, the higher the factor of heroism. By contrast, the other museum is a warning — every war is first of all a failure of humanity. These two interpretations of the events of World War II differ from each other as the target groups of both exhibitions are different. Supporters of the Warsaw Rising Museum do not accept the Museum of World War II and vice versa; they often voice opinions about something they did not have a chance or did not even feel like to see. These institutions are reflections of political disputes which divide Poles into supporters and opponents of certain historical policies which are pursued by making use of museums and in relation to them.

Metamorphoses of memory of the the Russian-Serbian Brotherhood of War in Modern Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-156
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Party System ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Second World

The article considers the perception of World War II in modern Serbian society. Despite the stability of Serbian-Russian shared historical memory, the attitudes of both countries towards World wars differ. There is a huge contrast in the perception of the First and Second World War in Russian and Serbian societies. For the Serbs the events of World War II are obscured by the memories of the Civil War, which broke out in the country immediately after the occupation in 1941 and continued several years after 1945. Over 70% of Yugoslavs killed during the Second World War were slaughtered by the citizens of former Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The terror unleashed by Tito in the first postwar decade in 1944-1954 was proportionally bloodier than Stalin repressions in the postwar USSR. The number of emigrants from Yugoslavia after the establishment of the Tito's dictatorship was proportionally equal to the number of refugees from Russia after the Civil War (1,5-2% of prewar population). In the post-war years, open manipulations with the obvious facts of World War II took place in Tito's Yugoslavia. In the 1990s the memories repressed during the communist years were set free and publicly debated. After the fall of the one-party system the memory of World War II was devalued. The memory of the Russian-Serbian military fraternity forged during the World War II began to revive in Serbia due to the foreign policy changes in 2008. In October 2008 the President of Russia paid a visit to Serbia which began the process of (re) construction of World War II in Serbian historical memory. According to the public opinion surveys, a positive attitude towards Russia and Russians in Serbia strengthens the memories on general resistance to Nazism with memories of fratricide during the civil conflict events of 1941-1945 still dominating in Serbian society.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE PEOPLE OF UZBEKISTAN IN THE VICTORY OF OVER FASCISM IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Dilorom Bobojonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
The People ◽  
Second World

In this article, the author highlights the worthy contribution of the people of Uzbekistan, along with other peoples, to the victory over fascism in World War II in a historical aspect. This approach to this issue will serve as additional material to previously published works in international scientific circles

La “neutralidad” chilena en la Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1943): Un análisis historiográfico con énfasis en la literatura sobre las relaciones Chile-Japón

2016 ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Pedro Iacobelli Delpiano
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
World War ◽  
International History ◽  
Roosevelt Administration ◽  
The Us ◽  
Second World

ResumenLa literatura sobre la historia internacional de Chile durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial ha centrado el debate en torno al juego de presiones ejercidas por los Estados Unidos hacia los gobiernos radicales de Jerónimo Méndez Arancibia y Juan Antonio Ríos Morales para conseguir que Chile se sumara a la política continental contra las fuerzas del Eje. La neutralidad chilena fue interpretada como una actitud traicionera por los estadounidenses y en un triunfo por los países del Eje durante 1941 a 1943. Este artículo introduce el debate y busca presentar las posibilidades historiográficas al incluir a Japón, tanto como actor relevante en la política chilena como receptor de la “neutralidad” chilena en el periodo.Palabras clave: Chile, Japón, Segunda Guerra Mundial, Estados Unidos, historiografíaThe Chilean “Neutrality” in World War II (1939-1943): A historiographical analysis focused on the literature of the diplomatic relations between Chile and JapanAbstractThe literature about Chile´s international history during World War II has heavily laid on the power dynamics between the US and the Chilean radical governments of vice-president (interim) Jerónimo Méndez Arancibia and president Juan Antonio Rios Morales. Since the Roosevelt administration sought to secure the rupture of diplomatic relations between Chile and the Axis powers, Santiago´s refusal to break relations was understood as treason by the US and as a diplomatic success by the Axis powers during 1941-1943.This paper delves into the historiographical possibilities in including Japan, either as a relevant actor in the Chilean politics and as receptor of the newsabout Chile´s neutrality.Keywords: Chile, Japan, Second World War, United States, historiographyA “neutralidade” chilena na segunda guerra mundial(1939-1943): uma análise historiográfica, com ênfase naliteratura sobre as relações Chile-JapãoResumoA literatura sobre a história internacional do Chile durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial tem-se centrado no debate em torno ao jogo de pressões exercidas pelos Estados Unidos aos governos radicais de Jerónimo Méndez Arancibia e Juan Antonio Rios Morales, para conseguir que o Chile pudesse se somar a política continental contra as forças do Eixo. A neutralidade chilena foi interpretada como uma atitude traiçoeira pelos norte-americanos e uma vitória para os países do Eixo durante 1941 a 1943. Este artigo introduz o debate e procura a presentar as possibilidades historiográficas ao incluir ao Japão, tanto como um ator relevante na política chilena como o destinatário da “neutralidade” chilena no período.Palavras-chave: Chile, Japão, Segunda Guerra Mundial, Estados Unidos, historiografia

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