EFL Learners’ Literacy with and Without ER in Reading English

This study aimed at exploring the students’ beliefs towards reading between those who have followed ER and those who have not in the distinct level of reading ability—high, intermediate, and low level. This present study was a qualitative study concerning the students’ perception towards a particular issue. The findings show that the students’ beliefs towards reading English, for those who have followed ER with a high level of competency, remains the same as intensive reading principles. While, unexpectedly, those who have not yet followed ER at the same level have some beliefs which refer to ER principles. For the intermediate and low level for either those who have or have not yet followed ER, their principles remained the same reflecting those of intensive reading. This study contributes practically to ER practitioners in implementing ER in order that ER, within classroom activities, can run as it is by minimizing the biases and maximizing its benefits based on the outcomes, the students’ beliefs towards reading in English. Theoretically, the contribution lies at an additional confirmation that the outputs of ER, in the form of students’ beliefs, may result unexpectedly for many factors contributing to its success must really be well-monitored. The conclusion and suggestions are then attached to the end of this paper.

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Shared leadership in voluntary sector organisations: exploring practice and theory development

Voluntary Sector Review ◽

10.1332/204080521x16171406823270 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Henry Mumbi ◽

Demola Obembe

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Study ◽

Stakeholder Theory ◽

Shared Leadership ◽

Leadership Practices ◽

Theory Development ◽

Collective Responsibility ◽

Voluntary Sector ◽

Leadership Practice ◽

Low Level ◽

High Level

This article investigates leadership practice in voluntary sector organisations (VSOs). Drawing on stakeholder theory and evidence from a qualitative study involving UK VSOs, it explores the manifestation of shared leadership practices and proposes a framework for more inclusive practices that enhance trust, accountability and collective responsibility. We find that certain stakeholders are more detached from processes of shared leadership than leaders in formal positions. Furthermore, involvement in leadership activity varies with status, with shared practices diminishing from trustees through to employees and volunteers, as trustees and employees are mainly involved in ‘high-level activities’ of the organisation while volunteers are involved in ‘low-level activities’. Our study poses a challenge to unitary and linear leadership models that present shared leadership as equally distributed in organisations.

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Revising Low-level and High-level Issues in Iranian EFL Learners’ Writings across Proficiency Levels, Age, and Gender

Theory and Practice in Language Studies ◽

10.17507/tpls.0709.11 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 786

Author(s):

Leyla Shami ◽

Asgar Mahmoudi

Keyword(s):

Language Learning ◽

Lower Order ◽

Higher Order ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Efl Learners ◽

Low Level ◽

Ex Post ◽

Ex Post Facto ◽

And Gender ◽

High Level

The present study was intended to investigate differences in the kinds of higher-order and lower-order revising practices employed by less proficient and more proficient Iranian EFL learners using an ex post facto design. Moreover, it was aimed at examining if (and how) these learners' age and gender affected their revising practices. To do so, 70 EFL learners studying in Foreign Language Institutions were selected. The participants had attended language learning classes at least for two years; therefore they possessed the minimum proficiency level required for the purposes of this study. The ESL Composition Profile was used to analytically score the learners’ writings, even though the writings were also holistically scored. The collected data were then submitted to SPSS for analysis. Some statistical procedures such as MANOVA, ANCOVA, and SPANOVA were used to test the hypotheses of the study. The obtained results revealed that there were significant differences in the kinds of higher-order and lower-order revising practices employed by the students with high and low writing ability. It was also revealed that the amount of differences between high-level and low-level students’ revising practices did not change significantly after controlling for the effects of age and gender. The results of this study might have implications for teaching writing.

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L2 Proficiency Pairing, Task Type and L1 Use: A Mixed-Methods Study on Optimal Pairing in Dyadic Task-Based Peer Interaction

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.699774 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Lili Tian ◽

Yan Jiang

Keyword(s):

Peer Interaction ◽

Task Type ◽

Negotiation Of Meaning ◽

Efl Learners ◽

Low Level ◽

Information Gap ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Quantitative Results ◽

L1 Use ◽

High Level

While task-based peer interaction in dyads has been commonly practiced in English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms, how to pair learners in dyadic tasks has always been a concern of teachers and researchers. This study examined learner proficiency pairing, task type and L1 use by Chinese EFL learners in two dyadic speaking tasks. Thirty-six participants were paired according to their oral English proficiency levels into: same-level pairs (high-high; medium-medium; low-low), and mixed-level pairs (high-low). All pairs completed two types of speaking tasks—information-gap and opinion-exchange. Quantitative results showed a significant difference between low-low pairs and other pairs in the amount of L1 use. Low-level learners produced significantly more L1 words and turns when paired with other low-level peers (low-low) than with high-level peers (high-low) in both types of tasks. Qualitative analysis further indicated that the mixed-level (high-low) pairs produced more opportunities for negotiation of meaning than the same-level (low-low) pairs during the interactional episodes where the L1 served various functions. The study offers pedagogical implications for EFL teachers about how to optimally pair learners to maximize their language development.

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From intensive reading teaching to outcome-based teaching: An empirical study on English reading in China

International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education ◽

10.1177/0020720920983510 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002072092098351

Author(s):

Di Qi ◽

Azizah Rajab ◽

Nur’ain Balqis Haladin

Keyword(s):

Empirical Study ◽

Reading Ability ◽

Teaching Method ◽

Reading Proficiency ◽

Extensive Reading ◽

Efl Learners ◽

English Reading ◽

Data Collection And Analysis ◽

Intensive Reading ◽

Reading Teaching

Chinese EFL learners’ reading ability is one of the important cores for the cultivation of their English competencies. Taking the extensive reading course as an example, this paper integrated the OBE concept into the course teaching design. An empirical study was designed to explore whether the teaching model OBE can effectively improve students’ reading proficiency and students’ perspectives towards the Outcome Based teaching method. Finally, some suggestions for further research were proposed based upon the data collection and analysis.

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Teknik Data Mining Dalam Clustering Produksi Susu Segar Di Indonesia Dengan Algoritma K-Means

BRAHMANA: Jurnal Penerapan Kecerdasan Buatan ◽

10.30645/brahmana.v1i1.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 31-39

Author(s):

Ilham Safitra Damanik ◽

Sundari Retno Andani ◽

Dedi Sehendro

Keyword(s):

Data Mining ◽

Milk Production ◽

Clustering Algorithm ◽

Clustering Method ◽

Data Mining Techniques ◽

Low Level ◽

Fresh Milk ◽

Nutritional Needs ◽

High Level ◽

Level Cluster

Milk is an important intake to meet nutritional needs. Both consumed by children, and adults. Indonesia has many producers of fresh milk, but it is not sufficient for national milk needs. Data mining is a science in the field of computers that is widely used in research. one of the data mining techniques is Clustering. Clustering is a method by grouping data. The Clustering method will be more optimal if you use a lot of data. Data to be used are provincial data in Indonesia from 2000 to 2017 obtained from the Central Statistics Agency. The results of this study are in Clusters based on 2 milk-producing groups, namely high-dairy producers and low-milk producing regions. From 27 data on fresh milk production in Indonesia, two high-level provinces can be obtained, namely: West Java and East Java. And 25 others were added in 7 provinces which did not follow the calculation of the K-Means Clustering Algorithm, including in the low level cluster.

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Determinants of Abuse of the Bodies of the Dead

Rossijskoe Pravo. Obrazovanie, Praktika, Nauka ◽

10.34076/2410-2709-2019-4-71-77 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 71-77

Author(s):

Margarita Khomyakova

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Criminal Code ◽

Value Judgments ◽

Legal Norms ◽

Low Level ◽

Medical Institutions ◽

Specific Object ◽

The Subject ◽

The Dead ◽

High Level

The author analyzes definitions of the concepts of determinants of crime given by various scientists and offers her definition. In this study, determinants of crime are understood as a set of its causes, the circumstances that contribute committing them, as well as the dynamics of crime. It is noted that the Russian legislator in Article 244 of the Criminal Code defines the object of this criminal assault as public morality. Despite the use of evaluative concepts both in the disposition of this norm and in determining the specific object of a given crime, the position of criminologists is unequivocal: crimes of this kind are immoral and are in irreconcilable conflict with generally accepted moral and legal norms. In the paper, some views are considered with regard to making value judgments which could hardly apply to legal norms. According to the author, the reasons for abuse of the bodies of the dead include economic problems of the subject of a crime, a low level of culture and legal awareness; this list is not exhaustive. The main circumstances that contribute committing abuse of the bodies of the dead and their burial places are the following: low income and unemployment, low level of criminological prevention, poor maintenance and protection of medical institutions and cemeteries due to underperformance of state and municipal bodies. The list of circumstances is also open-ended. Due to some factors, including a high level of latency, it is not possible to reflect the dynamics of such crimes objectively. At the same time, identification of the determinants of abuse of the bodies of the dead will reduce the number of such crimes.

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EXPRESS: Marketers Project Their Personal Preferences onto Consumers: Overcoming the Threat of Egocentric Decision Making

Journal of Marketing Research ◽

10.1177/0022243721998378 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002224372199837

Author(s):

Walter Herzog ◽

Johannes D. Hattula ◽

Darren W. Dahl

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Consumer Preferences ◽

Research Question ◽

Pilot Studies ◽

Low Level ◽

Marketing Managers ◽

False Consensus Effect ◽

False Consensus ◽

High Level

This research explores how marketing managers can avoid the so-called false consensus effect—the egocentric tendency to project personal preferences onto consumers. Two pilot studies were conducted to provide evidence for the managerial importance of this research question and to explore how marketing managers attempt to avoid false consensus effects in practice. The results suggest that the debiasing tactic most frequently used by marketers is to suppress their personal preferences when predicting consumer preferences. Four subsequent studies show that, ironically, this debiasing tactic can backfire and increase managers’ susceptibility to the false consensus effect. Specifically, the results suggest that these backfire effects are most likely to occur for managers with a low level of preference certainty. In contrast, the results imply that preference suppression does not backfire but instead decreases false consensus effects for managers with a high level of preference certainty. Finally, the studies explore the mechanism behind these results and show how managers can ultimately avoid false consensus effects—regardless of their level of preference certainty and without risking backfire effects.

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Exploring The Effect of Visual Information Degradation on Human Perception and Performance In A Human-Telerobot System

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181320641310 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 1302-1307

Author(s):

Richard Stone ◽

Minglu Wang ◽

Thomas Schnieders ◽

Esraa Abdelall

Keyword(s):

Visual Information ◽

Human Perception ◽

Low Level ◽

Hit Rate ◽

Word Level ◽

Level Of Automation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Human Operators ◽

And Performance ◽

High Level

Human-robotic interaction system are increasingly becoming integrated into industrial, commercial and emergency service agencies. It is critical that human operators understand and trust automation when these systems support and even make important decisions. The following study focused on human-in-loop telerobotic system performing a reconnaissance operation. Twenty-four subjects were divided into groups based on level of automation (Low-Level Automation (LLA), and High-Level Automation (HLA)). Results indicated a significant difference between low and high word level of control in hit rate when permanent error occurred. In the LLA group, the type of error had a significant effect on the hit rate. In general, the high level of automation was better than the low level of automation, especially if it was more reliable, suggesting that subjects in the HLA group could rely on the automatic implementation to perform the task more effectively and more accurately.

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