scholarly journals Predictors of Early Retinal Changes in Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
V. S. Kulybysheva ◽  
I. A. Ronzina ◽  
A. A. Gamidov ◽  
V. G. Motalov ◽  
V. N. Nikolenko
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Light Sensitivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Almost All

Purpose. Determining the functional state of the outer and inner retina’s layers in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 and 2 before the clinical manifestations and in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) using the methods of multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and microperimetry (MP).Patients and methods. 91 patients were examined (182 eyes). The patients were divided into 4 groups: 1st — 23 people (46 eyes) with diabetes without DR (the duration of the disease is up to 2 years); 2nd — 22 people (44 eyes) with diabetes without DR (diabetes from 2 to 8 years); 3rd — 24 people (48 eyes) with NPDR on the background of diabetes; 4th — 22 people (44 eyes) of the control group (healthy eyes). In addition to the standard ophthalmologic examination, all patients were registered mfERG (FOK1) on the diagnostic equipment EP-1000 Multifocal (Tomey, Germany) and carried out MP using the device “MAIA” (CenterVue, Italy).Results. According to mfERG, it has been established that the components of mfERG, the biopotential density and the amplitude of P1, are most sensitive to diabetic changes. In groups with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, there is a significant decrease in the density of P1 in comparison with the control group (p < 0.005, Mann-Whitney test), as well as a decrease in the amplitude of P1 on almost all tested rings (p < 0.005). In all groups, there is an increase in the latency of P1 in the central ring (0–2.3°). According to MP data, it was found that patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes showed a decrease in the average light sensitivity in comparison with the control group, however, our data are within the reference values, regardless of the presence or absence of clinical manifestations of PD.Conclusion. As a result of the study, early functional and morphological disorders of the neurosensory apparatus of the eye in diabetes were identified. It is proved that mfER and MP allow to detect violations at the preclinical stage of DR and are necessary studies for the dynamic control of the progression of DR.

scholarly journals THE USE OF A VITAMIN-MINERAL COMPLEX IN THE COMBINED THERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH OBESITY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A CLINICAL TRIAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
I.A. Lapik ◽  
◽  
K.M. Gapparova ◽  
A.V. Galchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Complex ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Low caloric diet is used in the complex treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus and obesity. However, the reduced caloric food can inadvertently lead to decreased intake of micronutrients. The main goal of the research was to assess the necessity and effectiveness of the vitamin-mineral complex in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with obesity. Methods: 80 females suffering from type 2 diabetes and obesity, ranging from 40 to 65 years old participated in the study. The total patients were divided into two groups, each containing 40 patients. All patients were given a personalized diet and 1000mg of metformin every day. The experimental group, besides that, received vitamin-mineral complex. The biochemical analysis of the blood, composition of the body, and the complaint on micronutrient deficiency were taken before the experiment and after 14 days of the therapy. Results: Supplementation of the vitamin-mineral complex was associated with higher blood serum levels of vitamins B6, B12, B9, C, D, potassium, calcium, magnesium and zinc, and lower levels of glucose. Clinical manifestations, associated with micronutrient deficiency, were significantly decreased in patients who were given vitamin-mineral complex. All these changes were valid both in relation to the initial level in the study group and to the indicators after treatment in the control group. Conclusion: Micronutrient supplements may be a very important part of the combined therapy of patients with diabetes mellitus and obesity.

Model estimates of the results of diabetes patients using modern glucometers with tri-color technology for displaying test results

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Larisa Dmitrievna Popovich ◽  
Svetlana Valentinovna Svetlichnaya ◽  
Aleksandr Alekseevich Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Impact

Diabetes – a disease in which the effect of the treatment substantially depends on the patient. Known a study showed that the use of glucometers with the technology of three-color display of test results facilitates self-monitoring of blood sugar and leads to a decrease in glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc). Purpose of the study: to modeling the impact of using of a glucometer with a color-coded display on the clinical outcomes of diabetes mellitus and calculating, the potential economic benefits of reducing the hospitalization rate of patients with diabetes. Material and methods. Based on data from two studies (O. Schnell et al. and M. Baxter et al.) simulation of the reduction in the number of complications with the use of a glucometer with a color indication. In a study by O. Schnell et al. a decrease of HbA1c by 0.69 percent is shown when using the considered type of glucometers, which was the basis of the model. Results. In the model, the use of a glucometer with a color-coded display for type 1 diabetes led to a decrease in the total number of complications by 9.2 thousand over 5 years per a cohort of 40 thousand patients with different initial levels of HbA1c. In a cohort of 40 thousand patients with type 2 diabetes, the simulated number of prevented complications was 1.7 thousand over 5 years. When extrapolating these data to all patients with diabetes included in the federal register of diabetes mellitus (FRD), the number of prevented complications was 55.4 thousand cases for type 1 diabetes and 67.1 thousand cases for type 2 diabetes. The possible economic effect from the use of the device by all patients with a diagnosis of diabetes, which are included in the FRD, estimated at 1.5 billion rubles for a cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes and 5.3 billion rubles for patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion. Improving the effectiveness of self-monitoring, which is the result of the use of glucometers with color indicators, can potentially significantly reduce the incidence of complications in diabetes and thereby provide significant economic benefits to society.

scholarly journals Clinical significance of intramammary arterial calcifications in diabetic women

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorica Milosevic ◽  
Jelica Bjekic ◽  
Stanko Radulovic ◽  
Branislav Goldner
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Macroangiopathy ◽  
Indirect Sign ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. It is well known that intramammary arterial calcifications diagnosed by mammography as a part of generalized diabetic macroangiopathy may be an indirect sign of diabetes mellitus. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the incidence of intramammary arterial calcifications, the patient?s age when the calcifications occur, as well as to observe the influence of diabetic polineuropathy, type, and the duration of diabetes on the onset of calcifications, in comparison with nondiabetic women. Methods. Mammographic findings of 113 diabetic female patients (21 with type 1 diabetes and 92 with type 2), as well as of 208 nondiabetic women (the control group) were analyzed in the prospective study. The data about the type of diabetes, its duration, and polineuropathy were obtained using the questionnaire. Statistical differences were determined by Mann-Whitney test. Results. Intramammary arterial calcifications were identified in 33.3% of the women with type 1 diabetes, in 40.2% with type 2, and in 8.2% of the women from the control group, respectively. The differences comparing the women with type 1, as well as type 2 diabetes and the controls were statistically significant (p=0.0001). Women with intramammary arterial calcifications and type 1 diabetes were younger comparing to the control group (median age 52 years, comparing to 67 years of age, p=0.001), while there was no statistically significant difference in age between the women with calcifications and type 2 diabetes (61 years of age) in relation to the control group (p=0.176). The incidence of polineuropathy in diabetic women was higher in the group with intramammary arterial calcifications (52.3%) in comparison to the group without calcifications (26.1%), (p=0.005). The association between intramammary arterial calcifications and the duration of diabetes was not found. Conclusion. The obtained results supported the theory that intramammary arterial calcifications, detected by mammography could serve as markers of co-existing diabetes mellitus and therefore should be specified in radiologic report in case of their early development.

scholarly journals Parameters of cardiac hemodynamics in patients with diabetes mellitus with impairment of renal function

HYPERTENSION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
I.I. Topchiy ◽  
O.N. Kirienko ◽  
P.S. Semyonovykh ◽  
D.O. Kirienko ◽  
O.I. Tsygankov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Currently, diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex global problem, which is increasing every year. So, in 2019, diabetes mellitus was detected in 463 million adults (from 20 to 79 years old) in the world. And the main cause of death in patients with diabetes mellitus is cardiovascular complications. The study was aimed investigate the features of functional and structural changes in the heart in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nephropathy. A total of 98 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were examined, out of which 78 patients had diabetic nephropathy (DN) of varying severity. The control group consisted of 20 healthy patients. After a clinical examination, depending on the state of renal function, all patients were divided into the following groups: group I — patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without signs of nephropathy (n = 36), group II — patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria (n = 33), group III — patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with decreased GFR and albuminuria (n = 29). To study changes in hemodynamics and structural parameters of the heart, patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography on an ULTIMA PA ultrasound machine (Radmir, Ukraine) using a sectoral phased transducer with a frequency range of 2–3 MHz according to the standard technique based on the recommendations of the American Echocardiographic Society. To determine indexing indicators, the patients underwent anthropometric measurements. Patients with DN and albuminuria and decreased GFR showed an increase in the linear dimensions of the heart in comparison with controls and patients without signs of nephropathy. With DN, patients have a significant increase in left ventricular mass and a significant increase in the detection rate of left ventricular hypertrophy up to 91.3 % in patients with albuminuria and preserved renal function and up to 100 % with a decrease in GFR.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF THE ACTIVATION OF MTORC1 AND ITS SUBSTRATE P70S6K INVOLVED IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND ONCOGENETIC PROCESSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-190
Author(s):  
T. S. Vatseba ◽  
L. K. Sokolova ◽  
V. V. Pushkarev ◽  
O. I. Kovzun ◽  
V. M. Pushkarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Assay ◽  
Metabolism Regulation ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer

Introduction. Pathogenetic factors of diabetes may affect the activity of intracellular systems of oncogenesis and metabolism regulation, one of which is PI3K/Akt/mTORC1. Macrophages and lymphocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and cancer. Detection of excessive activation of PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 components and substrates in these cells may indicate the need for additional correction of metabolic processes in patients with type 2 diabetes from the point of prevention of cancer. The aim: to study the activation of mTORC1 by determining the phosphorylation of PRAS40 and p70S6K1 in the leukocytes of patients with type 2 diabetes and cancer. Materials and methods. The study included women from the following groups: control group, patients with type 2 diabetes, cancer patients, patients with both diseases. The content of phosphorylated PRAS40 (phospho-T246) and p70S6K1 (phospho-T389) was determined using laboratory kits ELISA KNO0421 and ELISA 85-86053 of Invitrogen (USA). The protein concentration in the lysate was determined using a BCA Novagen protein assay kit (USA). Measurements were performed on a microplate reader (Bio-tek Instruments, USA) at a wavelength of 450 nm. Results. Significantly increased the content of phosphorylated PRAS40 and p70S6K1 in leukocytes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer was detected. The number of positive phospho-PRAS40 tests in patients with diabetes was 83.3%, and in cancer patients - 66.7%. Was revealed the reduced content of phospho-PRAS40 in leukocytes of patients with a combination of diabetes and cancer. Conclusions. The increased amount of phosphorylated PRAS40 and p70S6K1 proves the activation of the studied signaling pathway by diabetes mellitus type 2. Its decrease by cancer and diabetes can be explained by the possible competing effects of the proteins that affect upstream regulators of these kinases or them directly.

scholarly journals Psychological aspects of diet therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
E G Starostina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Dietary Restrictions ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

The importance of studying the psychological aspects of nutrition diet is, perhaps, the most commonly used words in the lexicon of Endocrinology and Diabetology and most unpleasant - for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Any restrictions on certain aspects of nutrition in patients with diabetes create a negative attitude to the disease, since they require non-established habits and tastes, a significant change in lifestyle, often - constant "struggle" with gusto. And if type 1 diabetes decrease dietary restrictions for patient education - the so-called liberalized diet - allows much to make life easier to patient without compromising compensation diabetes [3, 11], the rules for type 2 diabetes, especially in combination with obesity, are fundamentally based on constraints.

scholarly journals Evaluation of calcium level in patients with diabetes mellitus according to the examination in the mobile medical center (Diamodule)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-388
Author(s):  
Anna V. Zheleznyakova ◽  
◽  
Victoriya L. Volodicheva ◽  
Olga K. Vikulova ◽  
Alexey A. Serkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Background. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by multiple risk factors for the combined development of disorders of phosphorus-calcium metabolism, due to more frequent overweight, decreased renal filtration function and vitamin D deficiency in this category of patients. Aim. To assess the level of calcium in blood serum and its correlations with parameters of carbohydrate metabolism, body mass index (BMI) and renal function in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods. The object of the study: adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) ≥18 years old who underwent examination in Diamodule (n=294) in 2019 in the Voronezh region, who were additionally tested for serum calcium. The examination at the mobile medical center includes: assessment of anthropometric data (height, weight, BMI), biochemical data of blood lipids and creatinine levels with calculation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR-EPI), albuminuria and the albumin/creatinine in a single portion of urine, measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure, electrocardiogram, consultation with a cardiologist, ophthalmologist, specialist of the Diabetic Foot office, diabetologist. All biochemical parameters was carried out using commercial kits on a biochemical express analyzer Spotchem EZ ArkraySP-4430. Determination of HbA1c, albuminuria, albumin/creatinine was performed by immunochemical method on a DCA Vantage analyzer. Data analysis was carried out using the Statistica v.13.3 software package (TIBCO Software Inc., USA). The results are presented as medians and quartiles [25; 75], the level of reliability is taken as p<0.05. Results. Hypocalcemia (serum calcium level less 2.15 mmol/L) was detected in 88.3% of patients with T1DM and 73.6% of patients with T2DM. The level of serum calcium in T1DM was 1.96 [1.83; 2.07], in T2DM – 2.04 [1.97; 2.16] (p<0.001) with significant differences in GFR: in T1DM 69.6 [57.8; 82.5], with T2DM 50.5 [44.1; 59.9] (p<0.001). We observed correlation between GFR and calcium level r=-0.3 (p<0.05,). GFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m² was observed in 30.5% of T1DM patients, in 75.0% of T2DM. The HbA1c in T1DM was 8.7% [7.7; 9.8], in T2DM – 8.3% [6.8; 9.4] (p=0.01). Obesity was revealed in T1DM in 12.3%, in T2DM in 71.4%; the median BMI in T1DM was 25.5 kg/m2 [21.9; 28.4], in T2DM – 33.2 kg/m2 [29.7; 37.9]. There was correlation between BMI and calcium level r=0.26 (p<0.05). Conclusion. The results of the study revealed a high prevalence of hypocalcemia among patients with diabetes, the most pronounced in type 1 diabetes. In the presence of a correlation between calcium and GFR, there was a high incidence of hypocalcemia in patients with T1DM, even in the absence of a significant decrease in GFR, which may indicate to additional risk factors. Since the assessment of the level of calcium is not included in the list of standard clinical examination, it is recommended to include this parameter and conduct regular screening in risk groups, which include patients with diabetes. More extensive research is needed to analyze the factors.

scholarly journals Cystatin C and Its Role in Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaaeldin M. Bashier ◽  
Ayman Aly Seddik Fadlallah ◽  
Nada Alhashemi ◽  
Puja Murli Thadani ◽  
Elamin Abdelgadir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Weight Protein

Diabetes mellitus is the commonest cause of CKD. It is the leading cause of new patients requiring renal replacement therapy, accounting for 40%, 34%, and 30% of cases in United States, Germany, and Australia, respectively. Recent studies have shown that a low-molecular weight protein, cystatin C, freely filtered by the kidneys is a novel biomarker that may be used for detection of early renal dysfunction in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Cystatin C has also been shown to detect cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes and it may also be linked with incident type 2 diabetes in obese patients. We aim to review current evidence based literature on use of cystatin C for early detection of diabetic nephropathy due to type 1 and type 2 diabetes in comparison to conventional methods and explore its association with other comorbidities.

Determination of clinical and metabolic features in pre- and postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoarthrosis against the background of visfatin metabolism disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. O. Cherpita
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Women

Objective — to determine the clinical and metabolic features of pre‑ and postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and osteoarthritis (OA) against the background of impaired metabolism of visfatin (VF). Materials and methods. 120 pre‑ and postmenopausal women were selected for the study and divided into 3 groups: group 1 included women with isolated DM2; group 2 — women with isolated OA; group 3 — women with DM2, combined with OA. The control group consisted of 16 healthy women. Investigations included anthropometric measurements, assessment of the indices of lipid and carbohydrate exchange and clinical manifestations of premenopause and postmenopause. Determination of the serum VF levels of patients was performed by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay on the analyzer «Labline‑90» (Austria). Results. Investigation of the specific features of the DM2 and OA course in premenopausal women demonstrated violations of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, defined by the significant (р < 0.001) increase in VF levels up to (3.9 ± 1.2 ng/ml) and (4.2 ± 1.1 ng/ml), respectively. The highest VF level was recorded in the group of comorbid DM2 and OA (5.5 ± 1.0 ng/ml) compared with the levels of relatively healthy women of the same age group (1.8 ± 0.5 ng/ml). Moreover, the high indices of body mass index, waist and hip circumference, systolic and diastolic pressure, as well as of the menopausal index were established at DM2 and OA vs control group. Conclusions. Clinical and metabolic disorders have been identified in pre‑ and postmenopausal women against the background of OA and DM2 based on the significant (р < 0.001) increase in visfatin levels, especially in case of comorbid OA and DM2, as compared to the control group of age‑matched practically healthy women.

scholarly journals Correlations between Iron Metabolism Parameters, Inflammatory Markers and Lipid Profile Indicators in Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Nadezhda N. Musina ◽  
Tatiana V. Saprina ◽  
Tatiana S. Prokhorenko ◽  
Alexander Kanev ◽  
Anastasia P. Zima
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

This study aims to establish relationships between inflammatory status, ferrokinetics and lipid metabolism in patients with diabetes mellitus. Subclinical inflammation was assessed by levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Iron metabolism parameters included complete blood count, serum iron, transferrin and ferritin. Metabolic status assessment included lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin and microalbuminuria measurement. As a result of the study it was possible to establish both general (universal) and diabetes mellitus (DM) type-dependent relationships between the parameters of lipid profile and metabolic control in DM. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels negatively correlated with microalbuminuria (r = −0.293; p ˂ 0.05 for type 1 diabetes and r = −0.272; p ˂ 0.05 for type 2 diabetes). Ferritin concentration positively correlated with triglyceride level (r = 0.346; p ˂ 0.05 for type 1 diabetes and r = 0.244; p ˂ 0.05 for type 2 diabetes). In type 1 diabetes, a negative correlation was discovered between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and LDL-C (r = −0.480; p ˂ 0.05), very low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) (r = −0.490; p ˂ 0.05) and triglycerides (r = −0.553; p ˂ 0.05), and a positive one between C-reactive protein concentration and triglyceride level (r = 0.567; p ˂ 0.05). Discovered relationships between lipid profile indices, inflammatory status and microalbuminuria confirmed mutual influence of hyperlipidemia, inflammation and nephropathy in diabetes patients. Obtained results justify the strategy of early hypolipidemic therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus to prevent the development and progression of microvascular complications.

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