scholarly journals Visualizing the Impact of Cyberattacks on Web-Based Transactions on Large-Scale Data and Knowledge-Based Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
Mani Manavalan ◽  
Nur Mohammad Ali Chisty
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Manual approaches rely on the abilities and knowledge of individual human administrators to detect, analyze, and interpret attacks. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are systems that can automatically detect and warn the appropriate persons when an attack occurs. Despite the fact that individual attacks can be useful, they are frequently insufficient for understanding the entire attacking process, as well as the attackers' talents and objectives. The attacking stage is usually merely a component of a larger infiltration process, during which attackers gather information and set up the proper conditions before launching an attack, after which they clear log records in order to conceal their footprints and disappear. In today's assault scenarios, the pre-definition of cause-and-effect links between events is required, which is a tough and time-consuming task that takes considerable effort. Our technique for creating attack scenarios is based on the linking nature of web pages, and it does not require the pre-definition of cause and effect links, as demonstrated in previous work. Constructed situations are displayed in spatial and temporal coordinate systems to make viewing and analyzing them more convenient. In addition, we develop a prototype implementation of the concept, which we utilize to test a number of assault scenario scenarios.

Impact of COVID-19 on Nuclear Medicine in Germany, Austria and Switzerland: An International Survey in April 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (04) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz S. Freudenberg ◽  
Ulf Dittmer ◽  
Ken Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Public Versus Private ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Preparations of health systems to accommodate large number of severely ill COVID-19 patients in March/April 2020 has a significant impact on nuclear medicine departments. Materials and Methods A web-based questionnaire was designed to differentiate the impact of the pandemic on inpatient and outpatient nuclear medicine operations and on public versus private health systems, respectively. Questions were addressing the following issues: impact on nuclear medicine diagnostics and therapy, use of recommendations, personal protective equipment, and organizational adaptations. The survey was available for 6 days and closed on April 20, 2020. Results 113 complete responses were recorded. Nearly all participants (97 %) report a decline of nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures. The mean reduction in the last three weeks for PET/CT, scintigraphies of bone, myocardium, lung thyroid, sentinel lymph-node are –14.4 %, –47.2 %, –47.5 %, –40.7 %, –58.4 %, and –25.2 % respectively. Furthermore, 76 % of the participants report a reduction in therapies especially for benign thyroid disease (-41.8 %) and radiosynoviorthesis (–53.8 %) while tumor therapies remained mainly stable. 48 % of the participants report a shortage of personal protective equipment. Conclusions Nuclear medicine services are notably reduced 3 weeks after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic reached Germany, Austria and Switzerland on a large scale. We must be aware that the current crisis will also have a significant economic impact on the healthcare system. As the survey cannot adapt to daily dynamic changes in priorities, it serves as a first snapshot requiring follow-up studies and comparisons with other countries and regions.

scholarly journals Multi-GPU approach to global induction of classification trees for large-scale data mining

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Jurczuk ◽  
Marcin Czajkowski ◽  
Marek Kretowski
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tree Structure ◽  
Global Approach ◽  
Data Parallel ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scale Data

AbstractThis paper concerns the evolutionary induction of decision trees (DT) for large-scale data. Such a global approach is one of the alternatives to the top-down inducers. It searches for the tree structure and tests simultaneously and thus gives improvements in the prediction and size of resulting classifiers in many situations. However, it is the population-based and iterative approach that can be too computationally demanding to apply for big data mining directly. The paper demonstrates that this barrier can be overcome by smart distributed/parallel processing. Moreover, we ask the question whether the global approach can truly compete with the greedy systems for large-scale data. For this purpose, we propose a novel multi-GPU approach. It incorporates the knowledge of global DT induction and evolutionary algorithm parallelization together with efficient utilization of memory and computing GPU’s resources. The searches for the tree structure and tests are performed simultaneously on a CPU, while the fitness calculations are delegated to GPUs. Data-parallel decomposition strategy and CUDA framework are applied. Experimental validation is performed on both artificial and real-life datasets. In both cases, the obtained acceleration is very satisfactory. The solution is able to process even billions of instances in a few hours on a single workstation equipped with 4 GPUs. The impact of data characteristics (size and dimension) on convergence and speedup of the evolutionary search is also shown. When the number of GPUs grows, nearly linear scalability is observed what suggests that data size boundaries for evolutionary DT mining are fading.

scholarly journals Geographical and logistical factors of sustainable development of rural tourism in the context of regional economy

2016 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
I. Smyrnov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Tourist Flows ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Rural tourism is now seen as an important direction of development of the regional economy. From the perspective of sustainable development rural tourism affects the economic, social and environmental aspects of the regional and local economy. Rural tourism is closely linked with agrotourism, eco-tourism, natural tourism and so on. Sustainable rural tourism can be realized by applying logistic, geographic and marketing approaches as components of sustainable development strategies. Logistics approach is determined by logistic potential of resource base of rural tourism and appropriate tourist flows regulation. In this context in the article the concept of tourism capacity or capacity of the resource base of rural tourism is used. The problem of the definition of tourism pressure on the resource base of rural tourism, particularly in natural landscapes is disclosed. Unlike environmental and recrealogical sciences, which stop at the capacity definition of the resource base of tourism, tourism logistics compares this figure with the existing tourist flows and accordingly determines the safe way of tourism management to ensure its sustainable nature. It was shown that these strategies boil down to two basic types – the further development of tourism in a particular area or limit such activities to conserve the resource base of tourism. Recreational (travel) load is the indicator that reflects the impact of tourism on the resource base of tourism (especially landscape complex), expressed by the number of tourists or tourists-days per area unit or per tourist site for the certain period of time (day, month, season year). There are actual, allowable (the maximum) and destructive (dangerous) types of travel load. The latter can lead recreational area or resource base of rural tourism to destruction. Thus, depending on the intensity of tourism resource base using in rural tourism it may change – according to tourist consumption. Large number of tourists affects the entire range of recreational destinations and their individual components. The most vulnerable part of the environment in this sense is vegetation, except that significant changes may occur with soil, water bodies, air and so on. The geographic dimension of the problem of rural tourism sustainable development includes the concept of zoning, ie the division of the territory, offering to develop rural tourism in several zones with different modes of travel usage – from a total ban (in protected areas) for complete freedom with transitional stages, involving various limit degrees in the development of rural tourism. Marketing approach reflects the application of the curve R. Butler to the stages of development of rural tourism destinations with the release of such steps as: research, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation (also called “saturation”), revival or decline. Shown the models that link the stage of resource base tourist development (under “Curve Butler”), strength of tourism consumption the magnitude of such effects (eg weak (disperse) impact in large scale, strong (concentrated) impact in large scale, strong (concentrated) impact in small scale, weak (disperse) impact in small scale), dynamics of tourism development at the territory.

scholarly journals Occupational exoskeletons: A roadmap toward large-scale adoption. Methodology and challenges of bringing exoskeletons to workplaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Crea ◽  
Philipp Beckerle ◽  
Michiel De Looze ◽  
Kevin De Pauw ◽  
Lorenzo Grazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Standards And Regulations ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The large-scale adoption of occupational exoskeletons (OEs) will only happen if clear evidence of effectiveness of the devices is available. Performing product-specific field validation studies would allow the stakeholders and decision-makers (e.g., employers, ergonomists, health, and safety departments) to assess OEs’ effectiveness in their specific work contexts and with experienced workers, who could further provide useful insights on practical issues related to exoskeleton daily use. This paper reviews present-day scientific methods for assessing the effectiveness of OEs in laboratory and field studies, and presents the vision of the authors on a roadmap that could lead to large-scale adoption of this technology. The analysis of the state-of-the-art shows methodological differences between laboratory and field studies. While the former are more extensively reported in scientific papers, they exhibit limited generalizability of the findings to real-world scenarios. On the contrary, field studies are limited in sample sizes and frequently focused only on subjective metrics. We propose a roadmap to promote large-scale knowledge-based adoption of OEs. It details that the analysis of the costs and benefits of this technology should be communicated to all stakeholders to facilitate informed decision making, so that each stakeholder can develop their specific role regarding this innovation. Large-scale field studies can help identify and monitor the possible side-effects related to exoskeleton use in real work situations, as well as provide a comprehensive scientific knowledge base to support the revision of ergonomics risk-assessment methods, safety standards and regulations, and the definition of guidelines and practices for the selection and use of OEs.

Institutional Ethnography and Exploring the Social

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-140
Author(s):  
Amal Adel Abdrabo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Institutional Ethnography ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Egyptian Government ◽  
Global Agenda ◽  
Developmental Policies ◽  
The Relationship

There is a new trend taking place in Egypt over the last decades that is attempting to establish a new culture of development arguing for a knowledge-based development of Egyptian society. Consequently, Egyptian society has begun to witness the emergence of different policies, national strategies, and mega development projects that try to translate these policies into reality. But the question that remains is what type of knowledge, and in which context, should be developed? In this vein, this research serves two purposes. First, it contests the notion of knowledge while using a new method of inquiry that creates an opening for an alternative-more-humanized sociology that opposes the dominant sociological perspective that studies people as quantitative objects. The research uses institutional ethnography to provide new-actor-related insights and interpretations while exploring the social momentum within Egyptian society. Second, the research seeks to investigate the relationship between the desire to transform Egypt into a knowledge-based society through the knowledge precincts projects, following the global agenda, and the creation of a political, social, and cultural environment that allows knowledge to thrive, leading to more social justice and equity. In the end, the research asks: What is the definition of ‘knowledge' provided by the Egyptian government through its different developmental policies? How does it function inside the knowledge precincts projects? It also asks: Does Egypt's commitment to large scale programs through knowledge precincts reveal an authoritarian inclination?

An Applicative Survey on Few-Shot Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwei Zhang ◽  
Xubin Zhang ◽  
Lei Lv ◽  
Yining Di ◽  
Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Representation Learning ◽  
Language Models ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Meta Learning ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Future Work

Background: Learning discriminative representation from large-scale data sets has made a breakthrough in decades. However, it is still a thorny problem to generate representative embedding from limited examples, for example, a class containing only one image. Recently, deep learning-based Few-Shot Learning (FSL) has been proposed. It tackles this problem by leveraging prior knowledge in various ways. Objective: In this work, we review recent advances of FSL from the perspective of high-dimensional representation learning. The results of the analysis can provide insights and directions for future work. Methods: We first present the definition of general FSL. Then we propose a general framework for the FSL problem and give the taxonomy under the framework. We survey two FSL directions: learning policy and meta-learning. Results: We review the advanced applications of FSL, including image classification, object detection, image segmentation and other tasks etc., as well as the corresponding benchmarks to provide an overview of recent progress. Conclusion: FSL needs to be further studied in medical images, language models, and reinforcement learning in future work. In addition, cross-domain FSL, successive FSL, and associated FSL are more challenging and valuable research directions.

ICT for Educational Excellence in Jordan

2013 ◽  
pp. 119-135
Author(s):  
Atef Abuhmaid
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Education System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
External Assistance ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses the Jordanian Ministry of Education’s reliance on both the local private sector (public-private partnership) and foreign aids in order to accelerate its integration of ICT to meet the needs and demands of the knowledge-based economy. The discussion sheds light on strings attached to the role played by the Ministry of Education, as the central educational authority, in the diffusion of ICT across the education system. Understandably, in the Jordanian context, likewise other countries in the Middle East and North Africa region, the education system has to deal with a great deal of complexities in which, internal and external issues can impede reform efforts. Partnership with local and international partners might be needed in the Jordanian context in order to initiate reform especially the large-scale and costly ones. ICT-related reform initiatives are expensive and require expertise in various areas which might justify seeking external assistance by the educational system. However, external involvement can impact the integrity of the educational reform when it is left with inadequate coordination and efforts in order to keep them in line with national interests and agendas. Furthermore, the impact of these issues can be severer when they are not taken into account during the planning stage of the reform. Thus, this chapter discusses major issues arose when international partners and the local private sector were involved in ICT-based education initiatives in Jordan.

Data Warehousing Requirements Collection and Definition

2012 ◽  
pp. 261-271
Author(s):  
Nenad Jukic ◽  
Miguel Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Data Warehouse ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Warehousing ◽  
System Development ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Typical Data ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Real Scenario ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scale Data

Defining data warehouse requirements is widely recognized as one of the most important steps in the larger data warehouse system development process. This paper examines the potential risks and pitfalls within the data warehouse requirement collection and definition process. A real scenario of a large-scale data warehouse implementation is given, and details of this project, which ultimately failed due to inadequate requirement collection and definition process, are described. The presented case underscores and illustrates the impact of the requirement collection and definition process on the data warehouse implementation, while the case is analyzed within the context of the existing approaches, methodologies, and best practices for prevention and avoidance of typical data warehouse requirement errors and oversights.

Data Warehousing Requirements Collection and Definition

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
Nenad Jukic ◽  
Miguel Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Data Warehouse ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Development Process ◽  
System Development ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Typical Data ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Real Scenario ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scale Data

Defining data warehouse requirements is widely recognized as one of the most important steps in the larger data warehouse system development process. This paper examines the potential risks and pitfalls within the data warehouse requirement collection and definition process. A real scenario of a large-scale data warehouse implementation is given, and details of this project, which ultimately failed due to inadequate requirement collection and definition process, are described. The presented case underscores and illustrates the impact of the requirement collection and definition process on the data warehouse implementation, while the case is analyzed within the context of the existing approaches, methodologies, and best practices for prevention and avoidance of typical data warehouse requirement errors and oversights.

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