scholarly journals Review of Modern Transportation Technologies with focus on Containerization

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Helga Pavlić Skender ◽  
Petra Adelajda Zaninović ◽  
Elena Srića
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Transportation Technologies

Modern transportation technologies emerged in the mid-20th century and their appearance changed the current course of the transportation of goods. The use of modern transportation technologies in transport processes results in faster, more efficient and safer transport of goods from the sender/consignor, the manufacturer, to the receiver/consignee, consumer or customer. Container, i.e. containerization is one of the most important transportation technologies with significant impact on the development of international trade and globalization from the 1960s until present time. The aim of this paper is to review the role of containerization, as the most significant transportation technology. The results show an ever growing yet slower trend of containerization during past years that is likely to continue in the upcoming period . In the future, challenges can be expected in the container business especially in the field of digitalization and automation. This paper contributes to the valorization of containerization and points to the important role of infrastructure as a support to the realization of the potential of containerization in future.

ABOUT CUSTOMS BUSINESS IN TURKESTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th -EARLY 20th CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Chinpulat Kurbanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stage Development

The author in this scientific article examines the stage-by-stage development and formation of customs in Turkestan in the second half of the 19th -early 20th centuries. The author studied the history of customs in Turkestan and its role in establishing a single customs line in the future with neighboring khanates. The author focuses on the role of Russia in the establishment of a single customs line and the development of customs in Turkestan

scholarly journals The role of factoring in international trade financing

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Tural Alasgarli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Economic System ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Trade Finance ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Trade Financing

As 20th century ends, international economic system has gained new characteristics, international trade and its finance has reached at a different aspect. Parallel to the increasing trade relations, new technics of foreign trade finance has been widely available. Among them, factoring was evaluated in this study.

Educators, professional bodies and the future of the valuation profession

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-399
Author(s):  
Sara Wilkinson ◽  
Dulani Halvitigala ◽  
Hera Antoniades
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Continuing Professional Development ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Professional Body

Purpose Valuers face significant challenges as valuation becomes automated and the role evolves from economic analysis to data handling and processing. The purpose of this paper is to identify new knowledge and skills Valuers will need in the future and the role of professional bodies and educators in meeting future challenges in Australia, although the issues are considered global. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative research sought a deeper understanding of the issues, threats, challenges, opportunities, new areas of practice and knowledge that Valuers were experiencing with a view to identifying the role of professional bodies, industry and educators to meet the challenges. A focus group approach was adopted to collect data from practitioners in Sydney and Melbourne. Findings The roles of the professional body the Australian Property Institute, industry/employers and educators to meet these future challenges were identified. Changes are required to degree programme content in respect of digital technologies and statistical knowledge and skills. Continuing professional development programmes are required to address knowledge and skills gaps in existing practitioners. Research limitations/implications In this study, key limitations were that focus group participants were from Melbourne and Sydney only, and the focus is NSW and Victoria centric, although many participants have international work experience. Overall there was under representation of rural Valuers, of small valuation firms, of young, recently joined or qualified Valuers and females. Originality/value This is original research and highlights some real threats, issues and challenges facing the Australian Valuers. It complements work undertaken by legal and accounting professional bodies who perceive change and uncertainty affecting membership and services. To address and where, appropriate, embrace the changes that are coming and those already here, a manifesto for action for educators and the professional body is established.

Does strategic leadership development feature in managers’ responses to future HRM challenges?

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riitta Viitala ◽  
Susanna Kultalahti ◽  
Hilpi Kangas
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Common View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Hr Managers

Purpose Recent academic discussion depicts leadership development (LD) as an important tool for supporting the implementation of an organization’s strategy, maintaining ongoing development of the organization, and building capabilities that are essential for the future. However, the role of LD in reality depends to a considerable extent on how human resource (HR) managers and other top managers perceive LD and its importance. In this study, the purpose of this paper is to examine how LD manifests in HR managers’ and other top managers’ views on the future challenges of HRM. Accordingly, the authors reason what the findings indicate concerning the strategic role of LD in managers’ minds. Design/methodology/approach The topic was approached inductively. The qualitative data were collected from 473 Finnish HR managers and 276 other top managers, using a web-based brainstorming tool that adopted ideas from social media platforms. All of the informants are part of the top management team. The material was analysed using content analysis. Findings The findings were a cause for concern. They show that top managers do not very actively consider either leadership or LD when asked to consider the HR challenges of the future. In addition, when they did so, the ideas of LD were mostly traditional and individual-centred. Only a few of the informants connected LD to business needs. The comments mainly reflected ideas of heroic leadership and training. Originality/value The study advances the understanding of the perceptions of LD decision makers in organizations, but also suggests that more research on the topic is needed. In addition, the study shows that more discussion would be required between academics and managers to deepen the common view of the content, potential, and reality of LD.

Challenges for the (Present/) Future of ird World Approaches to International Law

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-477
Author(s):  
Ibironke Odumosu
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Third World ◽  
International System ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
International Legal System ◽  
Material Power

AbstractThis article examines the future of Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) and its ability to meet its challenges and achieve its objectives in a hegemonic international system. It discusses the fundamental role of ideas, the challenge of ideational (and material) power, and the reconstruction of identities, in meeting the challenges of TWAIL perspectives. In discussing these components and their interaction, the article observes that while they show some promise for the future of TWAIL, they also embody severe limitations. The article concludes with some thoughts about TWAIL's future engagements and on the note that even though the challenges are arduous, TWAIL perspectives possess some potential to meet the present and future challenges of reconstructing the international legal system.

Arts Writing in 20th-Century Egypt: Methodology, Continuity, and Change

ARTMargins ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-42
Author(s):  
Clare Davies
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Art Critics

This article discusses an approach to arts writing rooted in the work of Egypt's earliest art critics and historians, yet associated primarily with the legacy of those writers who dominated artistic discourse of the 1960s. In suspending the assumption that Egyptian arts writing resists methodological analysis, I seek to describe the procedures and premises that characterize this approach, as well as address its longstanding dominance within the field, its relationship to the role of concepts of change and continuity in shaping artistic discourse in Egypt of the latter part of the 20th century, and its enduring influence today.

scholarly journals The Early Days of the Euro Debt Crisis Revisited: Historical, Legal and Institutional Overview of the Role of the ECB in the Context of an Economic and Monetary Union in Mutation

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 94-109
Author(s):  
Rui do Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Union ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
Euro Crisis ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Set Up

This paper seeks to shed some light on the different stages of what ended up being a deep euro debt crisis of unforeseen proportions and the attempts of responses designed to address it in the context of an EU, unprepared to face its outcomes and implications. Our starting point is a quick overview of the historical, institutional and legal pathway that led to the set-up of the EMU, seeking to provide a better understanding of the backdrop for the on-going euro crisis and the several legal instruments put forward within and alongside the EMU framework to tackle it. Particular attention is given to the functions and goals originally attributed to the ECB and to some of the controversial steps this institution decided to take in order to address the debt crisis at its different stages. Finally, some lines of reflexion are proposed in light of the future challenges that we consider that an EMU in mutation inevitably entails.

scholarly journals Opening out and closing down: the treatment of uncertainty in transport planning’s forecasting paradigm

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Lyons ◽  
Greg Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
The Future ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Illustrative Case Study ◽  
Adaptation Scenarios

AbstractSince the 1960s, development of the transport system has been framed by the notion of forecasting future demand. Yet the past decade or more appears to signal some significant changes to the role of travel in society which are having a material impact on how much people travel (and may travel in the future). Coupled with the potential for major technological changes and a range of climate adaptation scenarios, the future of mobility presents today’s decision making on transport strategy and investment with a broader set of uncertainties than has previously been considered. This paper examines current mainstream practice for incorporating uncertainty into decision-making, through an illustrative case study of the highly codified approaches of the Department for Transport in England. It deconstructs the issue by first focussing on different ways in which there is an opening out or acceptance of new uncertainties and how this creates a (wider) set of potential futures. It then turns to consider how this set of futures is used, or not, in decision-making, i.e. the process of closing down uncertainty to arrive at or at least inform a decision. We demonstrate that, because the range of uncertainties has broadened in scope and scale, the traditional technocratic approach of closing down decisions through sensitivity testing is at odds with the greater breadth now being called for at the opening out stage. We conclude that transport decision-making would benefit from a rebalancing of technical depth with analytical breadth. The paper outlines a plausible new approach to opening out and closing down that is starting to be applied in practice. This approach must be accompanied by an opening up of the processes by which technical advice for decisions are reached and how uncertainties are understood and negotiated.

Outsourcing FTA Dispute Settlement Administration to Third-Party International Arbitral Institutions: Opportunities and the Role of the Permanent Court of Arbitration

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-78
Author(s):  
Scott Falls
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Trade Disputes ◽  
Contracting Out ◽  
Administrative Functions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Viability ◽  
Potential Benefits

Abstract With the future viability of WTO dispute settlement being uncertain, states may be required to rely on the dispute settlement mechanisms of their FTAs to provide a forum for litigating international trade disputes. Given however that these mechanisms have historically been inefficient and ineffective, it would be judicious for states to consider delegating the administrative functions of FTA dispute settlement to a third-party arbitral institution in order to remedy these deficiencies. This article analyzes both the factors impelling states to consider contracting out the administrative function of FTA dispute settlement, as well as the potential benefits states can reap by pursuing this strategy. Assessing the strengths and potential drawbacks of delegating FTA dispute settlement administration to the Permanent Court of Arbitration in particular, this article argues that the PCA is well positioned to undertake effective and efficient administration of FTA trade disputes.

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