scholarly journals Evaluation of Spark Ignition Engine Performance Using Ethanol as Doping Agent on Constant Speed Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Jerry O. Azubuike ◽  
Onwuzuruigbo Martin I. Nwafor ◽  
Johnson O. Igbokwe ◽  
D.O. Isiohia
Keyword(s):  
Critical Phenomenon ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
As Doping ◽  
Octane Rating ◽  
Antiknock Agents

Engine knock is a critical phenomenon engine designers strive to minimize in the world today. Before now, this has made tetra ethyl lead (TEL) an option for minimizing knock. The basic essence of tetra ethyl lead is to enhance octane rating of petrol which is a vital factor to knocking ability. However, the health and environmental challenges associated with the use of tetra ethyl lead propel the desire to replace it with a better environmental and health friendly substance that will at the same time boost octane rating and give a smoother engine operation. Hence, ethanol was considered in this work at a constant speed test of 2000 rpm and compared to leaded petrol as baseline petrol. BSFC of 0.703 kg\kWhr was obtained with 20/80 compared to 0.709 kg\kWhr obtained with 0/100 as baseline fuel. Maximum brake power of 0.74 kW occurred at a bmep of 1.235 bar with 15/85 ethanol/petrol. Similarly, maximum brake thermal efficiency of 13.44% was obtained with 20/80 ethanol/petrol compared to 11.49% obtained with leaded petrol as baseline petrol. It is indicated that maximum power output, low BSFC and low petrol consumption was obtained with 20/80 ethanol/petrol blend. It is convincible that 20/80 blend ratio offer good alternative to other antiknock agents which are associated with harmful consequences to man and environment. The implication of this work is that a definite blend for optimum performance and more environmentally friendly antiknock agent is established.

A Multiple-Zone Cycle Simulation for Spark-Ignition Engines: Thermodynamic Details

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerald A. Caton
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Cycle Simulation ◽  
The Individual

Abstract A thermodynamic cycle simulation was developed for a spark-ignition engine which included the use of multiple zones for the combustion process. This simulation was used to complete analyses for a commercial, spark-ignition V-8 engine operating at a part load condition. Specifically, the engine possessed a compression ratio of 8.1:1, and had a bore and stroke of 101.6 and 88.4 mm, respectively. A part load operating condition at 1400 rpm with an equivalence ratio of 1.0 was examined. Results were obtained for overall engine performance, for detailed in-cylinder events, and for the thermodynamics of the individual processes. In particular, the characteristics of the engine operation with respect to the combustion process were examined. Implications of the multiple zones formulation for the combustion process are described.

Characteristics of New Ignition Systems to Improve Engine Performance

1967 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
By R. C. Teasel ◽  
R. D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Discharge ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Discharge Characteristics ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
Spark Plug

The increasing use of spark ignition engines throughout the world has confronted the engine designer with new problems such as air pollution, world-wide temperature extremes, as well as legislative, economic, and human considerations. To meet these situations and improve the competitive position of the spark ignition engine requires considerable research and development effort. This paper reports on work conducted by Champion Spark Plug Company in attempting to evaluate the potential contribution that ignition system and spark plug designs can make towards improving spark ignition engine operation. Almost all the work reported here covers investigations in current large displacement United States passenger car engines. The three main characteristics of the overall ignition systems that are investigated are (1) the available output voltage characteristics of the ignition systems; (2) the effect of the ignition system spark discharge characteristics on engine performance; and (3) the effect of several spark plug design features on engine performance. This investigation shows that the inter-relationship of the ignition system spark discharge characteristics and the spark plug design requires that the overall evaluation must consider the dependence of both items. It also suggests that significant improvements can result in other United States and European engines, through the careful evaluation of ignition system and spark plug designs. The results of this work indicate that a fast rise time, short arc duration system results in reduced spark plug gap growth and better resistance to spark plug fouling. However, the arc duration must not be shorter than a minimum value, or a loss in engine performance may result. High output systems are desirable as they provide a higher voltage reserve to provide longer spark plug life, but the higher voltages that occur with the larger spark plug gaps can stress other ignition system components. The spark plug designs which incorporate a projection of the spark plug gap result in better performance in the engines tested, and possibly even reduce exhaust emissions. Certainly other features which engine manufacturers must consider, which are not discussed in detail here, are costs, durability, and maintenance of the new systems. At least one other important related problem is that of interference.

An Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Spark Ignition Engine Operation on H2, CO, CH4, and Their Mixtures

2009 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailin Li ◽  
Ghazi A. Karim ◽  
A. Sohrabi
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
Co Addition ◽  
H2 Addition

The knock and combustion characteristics of CO, H2, CH4, and their mixtures were determined experimentally in a variable compression ratio spark ignition (SI) cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine. The significant effects of gaseous fuel mixtures containing H2 in enhancing the combustion and oxidation process of CH4 were examined. The unique combustion characteristics of CO in dry air and its distinct performance in mixtures with H-containing fuels were investigated. The addition of a simulated synthesis gas (2H2+CO) to CH4 was found to enhance the combustion process of the resulting mixture and lowers its knock resistance. The effectiveness of such an addition is slightly weaker than that of a comparable H2 addition but much stronger than that with CO addition only. A predictive model with detailed kinetic chemistry was used successfully to simulate SI engine operation fuelled with CH4, H2, CO, and their mixtures. The predicted engine performance and knock limits of CH4, H2, CO, and their mixtures agree well with experimental data with the exception around pure CO operation in dry air with the presence of small amounts of CH4 or H2. A remedial approach to improve the prediction of the knock limits of fuel mixtures containing mainly CO with a small amount of H-containing fuels such as H2 and CH4 was proposed and discussed.

scholarly journals The study of the spark ignition engine operation at fuelling with n-butanol-gasoline blends

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Cristian Sandu ◽  
Constantin Pană ◽  
Niculae Negurescu ◽  
Alexandru Cernat ◽  
Cristian Nuţu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Combustion Properties

For conventional internal combustion engines alternative fuels such alcohols (ethanol, methanol and butanol) have attracted more attention. This aspect is due to the fact that alcohols have good combustion properties and high oxygen content. Butanol is a viable fuel for blending with conventional fuels such as gasoline or diesel because of its high miscibility with these conventional fuels. The high combustion speed of butanol compared to that of gasoline ensures a shorter burning process thus the engine thermal efficiency can potentially be improved. Moreover, the additional oxygen content of the alcohol n-butanol can potentially improve the combustion process and can lead to a reduction of carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons emissions level. Utilizing butanol-gasoline blends can provide a good solution for the reduction of greenhouse gases level (CO2) and pollutants level (CO, HC, and NOx). An experimental study was carried out in a spark ignition engine which was fueled with a blend of n-butanol-gasoline at different volume percentages. The objective of this paper is to determine the effects of butanol on the engine energetic performances and on the emissions (HC, CO and NOx). At first the engine fueled with pure gasoline to set up a reference at the engine load χ=55%, engine speed of n=2500 min-1 and different excess air coefficients (λ). After setting the reference the engine was fueled with butanol-gasoline blend (10% vol. butanol 90% vol. gasoline) with the same engine adjustments. At butanol use the CO, HC and CO2 emissions level decreased, but the NOx emission level increased. The butanol can be considered a good alternative fuel for the spark ignition engines without modifications.

scholarly journals Spark ignition engine performance, standard emissions and particulates using GDI, PFI-CNG and DI-CNG systems

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 293 ◽  
pp. 120454
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Melaika ◽  
Gilles Herbillon ◽  
Petter Dahlander
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Performance Standard

scholarly journals Numerical Study of Engine Performance and Emissions for Port Injection of Ammonia into a Gasoline\Ethanol Dual-Fuel Spark Ignition Engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Farhad Salek ◽  
Meisam Babaie ◽  
Amin Shakeri ◽  
Seyed Vahid Hosseini ◽  
Timothy Bodisco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Hc Emissions

This study aims to investigate the effect of the port injection of ammonia on performance, knock and NOx emission across a range of engine speeds in a gasoline/ethanol dual-fuel engine. An experimentally validated numerical model of a naturally aspirated spark-ignition (SI) engine was developed in AVL BOOST for the purpose of this investigation. The vibe two zone combustion model, which is widely used for the mathematical modeling of spark-ignition engines is employed for the numerical analysis of the combustion process. A significant reduction of ~50% in NOx emissions was observed across the engine speed range. However, the port injection of ammonia imposed some negative impacts on engine equivalent BSFC, CO and HC emissions, increasing these parameters by 3%, 30% and 21%, respectively, at the 10% ammonia injection ratio. Additionally, the minimum octane number of primary fuel required to prevent knock was reduced by up to 3.6% by adding ammonia between 5 and 10%. All in all, the injection of ammonia inside a bio-fueled engine could make it robust and produce less NOx, while having some undesirable effects on BSFC, CO and HC emissions.

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