scholarly journals Small Influence of Performing from Memory on Audience Evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Kopiez ◽  
Anna Wolf ◽  
Friedrich Platz
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluations ◽  
Instrumental Performance ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Performance Quality ◽  
Small Influence ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Technical Proficiency

This study investigates the influence of an actual music stand on the evaluation of a videotaped audio-visual solo instrumental performance. Previous research has provided evidence that the presence of a score or music stand (obstructing the audience's view of the performer) might negatively influence the evaluation of the performance. However, due to methodological ambiguities, results in previous studies cannot be regarded as definitive. Thus, we conducted a replication study of Williamon (1999) with better control over confounding variables (e.g., varying levels of technical proficiency in different conditions). A violoncello player performed two pieces for solo instrument: once with a music stand on stage (pretending to play from score) and once without. The level of technical proficiency was kept constant in both performance presentations by the use of a pre-recorded, well-rehearsed performance from memory. Audio tracks were synchronized with the performance movements in a playback paradigm. Based on the performance evaluations from a web-based experiment (N = 471 participants), we found a significant but small effect size for the main effect of performance presentation (with vs. without music stand) (d = 0.23). We conclude that the audience's appreciation of a particular performance from memory might be based on factors other than the objective performance quality.

Effects of focus of attention instructions on listeners’ evaluations of solo instrumental performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 025576142110333
Author(s):  
D. Gregory Springer ◽  
Brian A. Silvey
Keyword(s):  
Music Educators ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Band Directors ◽  
Performance Evaluations ◽  
Performance Ratings ◽  
Instrumental Performance ◽  
Collaborative Performance ◽  
Main Effect

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of focus of attention instructions (i.e. focus on the solo, accompaniment, or collaboration) on listeners’ performance evaluations. Participants ( N = 159) were inservice band directors who listened to and evaluated the accuracy and expressivity of four excerpts of Haydn’s Concerto for Trumpet in E-Flat Major, which we created by synchronizing recordings of good and bad performances of a trumpet soloist with good and bad performances of a piano accompaniment. Results indicated a significant main effect for focus-of-attention instructions group, indicating that listeners’ ratings were affected by the focus-of-attention instructions they received. However, we also found a significant three-way interaction among solo, accompaniment, and group, which signified that the effects of focus-of-attention instructions varied according to both solo and accompaniment conditions. Asking adjudicators to focus their evaluations on the collaborative performance of a soloist and pianist may result in different performance ratings than when asked to rate the soloist or pianist only. Implications for music educators and solo and ensemble event organizers are discussed.

Relationships Between Subjective Ratings and Objective Measures of Performance in Speechreading Sentences

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 900-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn E. Demorest ◽  
Lynne E. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Performance Evaluations ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
Phonetic Distance ◽  
Stimulus Length ◽  
Measures Of Performance ◽  
Confidence Scale

Ninety-six participants with normal hearing and 63 with severe-to-profound hearing impairment viewed 100 CID Sentences (Davis & Silverman, 1970) and 100 B-E Sentences (Bernstein & Eberhardt, 1986b). Objective measures included words correct, phonemes correct, and visual-phonetic distance between the stimulus and response. Subjective ratings were made on a 7-point confidence scale. Magnitude of validity coefficients ranged from .34 to .76 across materials, measures, and groups. Participants with hearing impairment had higher levels of objective performance, higher subjective ratings, and higher validity coefficients, although there were large individual differences. Regression analyses revealed that subjective ratings are predictable from stimulus length, response length, and objective performance. The ability of speechreaders to make valid performance evaluations was interpreted in terms of contemporary word recognition models.

Exploring the Morning Morality Effect in the context of moral utilitarianism: a post-hoc analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastien Trémolière ◽  
Corentin J Gosling
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Individual Study ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Reflection ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Large Heterogeneity ◽  
Post Hoc

Recent research has shown mixed evidence for the morning morality effect (i.e., the observation that individuals are less immoral in the morning than in the afternoon). In the present research, we target the morning morality effect in the context of moral utilitarianism, by reanalyzing observational data previously collected by our lab. These data include different tasks capturing moral utilitarianism (i.e., standard sacrificial dilemmas, an ecological utilitarian scale, and/or dilemmas involving the morality of autonomous vehicles). We report a meta-analysis of 6 studies which showed that participants became less utilitarian as the day goes on, but with a small effect size (r = -0.14) and a large heterogeneity. Exploration of this heterogeneity showed that such a conclusion was statistically significant for classic sacrificial dilemmas only. Notably, even when restricting the analysis to the classic sacrificial dilemmas, a moderate inconsistency remained. Post-hoc analysis of an individual study showed that this small effect did not survive the inclusion of potentially confounding variables, such as psychopathy trait and cognitive reflection. Implications and limitations are discussed.

The Comparative Impact of Critics and Consumers: Applying the Generalisability Theory to Online Movie Ratings

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Peng ◽  
Geng Cui ◽  
Chunyu Li
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Theory ◽  
Performance Evaluations ◽  
Movie Industry ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Consumer Ratings ◽  
Movie Ratings ◽  
Professional Critics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Generalisability Theory ◽  
Movie Performance

This study employs a new measurement theory (i.e. Generalisability Theory) to investigate the comparative influence of early movie ratings from professional critics versus ordinary consumers on latent movie performance. The empirical results show that both ordinary consumers and critics have great impact on the latent movie performance. In particular, the main effect of rater sources and the two-way interaction between raters and movies are substantial contributors to the variation in movie performance, with the contribution from ordinary consumers even more substantial than that from professional critics. However, professional critics provide more reliable ratings (a higher G coefficient) than ordinary consumers. Moreover, we found that genre familiarity is an important factor that moderates the differential effect of these two sources of ratings. Professional critic ratings contribute more to the total variance of movie performance evaluations in the case of less familiar genres, while ordinary consumer ratings contribute more to that in the case of more familiar genres. The aggregate level validity (correlation) results for each rater source indicate that professional critics consistently provide better concurrent and predictive validity than ordinary consumers. While our analyses focused on the impact of two sources of ratings on movie performance evaluations, the findings have implications not limited to the movie industry. They are also applicable to the broad category of experience goods such as music, restaurants, video games and books, where consumers could seek opinion from both experts and ordinary consumers.

The Role of Accompaniment Quality in the Evaluation of Solo Instrumental Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gregory Springer ◽  
Brian A. Silvey
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Education Majors ◽  
Instrumental Performance ◽  
Solo Performance ◽  
Instrumental Music Education ◽  
Performance Quality ◽  
Music Education Majors ◽  
Main Effects

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of accompaniment quality on the evaluation of solo instrumental performance. Undergraduate instrumental music education majors ( N = 71) listened to and evaluated the accuracy and expressivity of six excerpts of Haydn’s Concerto for Trumpet in E-Flat Major, which we created by synchronizing recordings of good and bad performances of a trumpet soloist with good and bad performances of a piano accompaniment (as well as a no-accompaniment condition). Participants also chose one “best aspect of the performance” and one “aspect needing most improvement” for each excerpt. Significant main effects for accompaniment condition (good, bad, or none) and solo condition (good or bad) were found, in addition to interaction effects. Results of a Solo × Accompaniment interaction signified that participants’ ratings were not independent of accompaniment condition, and this effect was moderated by the performance quality of the trumpet soloist. Additionally, participants noted different “best aspects” and “aspects needing most improvement” based on both solo performance quality and accompaniment condition.

scholarly journals Sleep During “Lockdown” in the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasia Trakada ◽  
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽  
Marilia dos Santos Andrade ◽  
Paulo José Puccinelli ◽  
Nicholas-Tiberio Economou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

The aim of this study was to determine if the lockdown measures applied due to the pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected the sleep of the general population and health professionals in six different countries (Greece, Switzerland, Austria, Germany, France, and Brazil). We used a web-based survey with a short questionnaire of 13 questions, translated into four languages (Greek, German, French, and Portuguese). The questionnaire included information about demographic and professional data, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sleep, degree of abidance in lockdown measures, and data about illness or close contact with active confirmed cases of COVID-19. Initially, 2093 individuals participated. After exclusion of those who did not report their duration of sleep, the final sample comprised 1908 participants (Greek, n = 1271; German, n = 257, French, n = 48; Portuguese, n = 332), aged 42.6 ± 12.7 years, who were considered for further analysis. A main effect of the lockdown week on sleep duration was observed (+0.25 h; 95% confidence intervals, CI, 0.17, 0.32; p < 0.001), with the total sleep time of the lockdown week being longer than that under normal conditions. A week*occupation interaction on sleep duration was demonstrated (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.012). Sleep duration remained stable in health professionals (−0.18 h; 95% CI −0.36, 0.01; p = 0.063), whereas it increased in other occupations by 0.31 h (95% CI, 0.24, 0.39; p < 0.001). In terms of sleep quality, 15% of participants characterized their sleep as bad and 37.9% as average during the lockdown week. Almost 1 in 3 individuals (31.3%) reported worse quality of sleep during the lockdown week than under normal conditions. Sleep during the lockdown week was characterized as good by 47.1%, but only 38% of the health professionals group. In conclusion, the COVID−19 pandemic and lockdown affected sleep in different ways, depending on age, level of education, occupation, and country of residence.

scholarly journals The Relative Importance of Aural and Visual Information in the Evaluation of Western Canon Music Performance by Musicians and Nonmusicians

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noola K. Griffiths ◽  
Jonathon L. Reay
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Musical Expertise ◽  
Performance Quality ◽  
Professional Quality ◽  
Technical Proficiency ◽  
Overall Performance

Aural and visual information have been shown to affect audience evaluations of music performance (Griffiths, 2010; Juslin, 2000); however, it is not fully understood which modality has the greatest relative impact upon judgements of performance or if the evaluator’s musical expertise mediates this effect. An opportunity sample of thirty-four musicians (8 male, 26 female Mage = 26.4 years) and 26 nonmusicians (6 male, 20 female, Mage = 44.0 years) rated four video clips for technical proficiency, musicality, and overall performance quality using 7-point Likert scales. Two video performances of Debussy’s Clare de lune (one professional, one amateur) were used to create the four video clips, comprising two clips with congruent modality information, and two clips with incongruent modality information. The incongruent clips contained the visual modality of one quality condition with the audio modality of the other. It was possible to determine which modality was most important in participants’ evaluative judgements based on the modality of the professional quality condition in the clip that was rated most highly. The current study confirms that both aural and visual information can affect audience members’ experience of musical performance. We provide evidence that visual information has a greater impact than aural information on evaluations of performance quality, as the incongruent clip with amateur audio + professional video was rated significantly higher than that with professional audio + amateur video. Participants’ level of musical expertise was found to have no effect on their judgements of performance quality.

scholarly journals Výkonnost podniku v kontextu spokojenosti zákazníka, zpětných toků, kvality, inovací a znalostí

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Klapalová ◽  
Petr Suchánek ◽  
Radoslav Škapa
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Performance Quality ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mutual Relations

The subject of the publication is the research of customer satisfaction and its connection with company performance, quality, innovation and knowledge. The main goal is to analyze the mutual relations of the above factors, including their systematization on the basis of empirical findings in companies across industries in the CR. The publication captures a theoretical analysis of the basic relationships of the above quantities and discusses them with the results of the analysis of primary data from companies. The purpose is to clarify to what extent connections assumed in the literature are reflected in the Czech environment and how much they influence the subjective and objective performance of companies. Both types of indicators were used in the construction of models and it was found that results based on them differ and that models within the different indicators also differ.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document