scholarly journals The waste management sector of Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Katalin Lipták ◽  
Andrea S. Gubik ◽  
Ágnes Horváth ◽  
Mónika Kis-Orloczki
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Waste Hierarchy ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
Consumer Habits ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

Nowadays, the waste management sector faces a number of challenges. Changes in consumer habits generate huge amounts of industrial and household waste. Today’s trends, which involve a higher use of critical raw materials, such as in the manufacture of batteries and solar cells, make it urgent to extract valuable raw materials from waste. The waste sector as a whole, taking into consideration all levels of the waste hierarchy (prevention, reuse, recycling, energy recovery, landfilling), is a significant branch of the national economy, both in terms of employment and income-generating capacity. In addition, the sector can be considered a major intermediary in industrial value chains as it contributes to the generation of secondary raw materials that can be sold to industries and thus help to achieve a circular economy through the collection, treatment and processing of waste.

scholarly journals Sustainable mining towards accomplishing circular economy principles

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-499
Author(s):  
Nela Petronijević ◽  
Vesna Alivojvodić ◽  
Miroslav Sokić ◽  
Branislav Marković ◽  
Srđan Stanković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mining Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Anthropogenic Resources ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

Today human society is already witnessing rapid depletion of non-renewable ore resources. As the distribution of raw material resources globally is very off-balance, and preassure on environment as the consequence of ore exploatation is not negligible, re-utilization and recycling of industrial side-streams gaining on importance. Finding new potentially anthropogenic resources of material (at first place critical raw materials) are inline with sustainable waste management goals, and in correlation with boundaries given by the circular economy principles. Side-streams from mines can become source for recovery of these materials. The aim of this paper was to analyze position of mining waste in correlation with circular economy principles, as well potential for implementation of them within extraction industry in the Republic of Serbia.

scholarly journals How Far Away Are World Economies from Circularity: Assessing the Capacity of Circular Economy Policy Packages in the Operation of Raw Materials and Industrial Wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4394
Author(s):  
Margarita Ignatyeva ◽  
Vera Yurak ◽  
Alexey Dushin ◽  
Vladimir Strovsky ◽  
Sergey Zavyalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Degree Level ◽  
The Eu

Nowadays, circular economy (CE) is on the agenda, however, this concept of closed supply chains originated in the 1960s. The current growing quantity of studies in this area accounts for different discourses except the holistic one, which mixes both approaches—contextual and operating (contextual approach utilizes the thorough examination of the CE theory, stricture of the policy, etc.; the operating one uses any kind of statistical data)—to assess the capacity of circular economy regulatory policy packages (CERPP) in operating raw materials and industrial wastes. This article demonstrates new guidelines for assessing the degree level of capacity (DLC) of CERPPs in the operation of raw materials and industrial wastes by utilizing the apparatus of the fuzzy set theory. It scrupulously surveys current CERPPs in three regions: the EU overall, Finland and Russia; and assesses for eight regions—the EU overall, Finland, Russia, China, Greece, France, the Netherlands and South Korea—the DLC of CERPPs in operating raw materials and industrial wastes. The results show that EU is the best in CE policy and its CERPP is 3R. The following are South Korea and China with the same type of CERPP. Finland, France and the Netherlands have worse results than EU with the type of CERPP called “integrated waste management” because of the absence of a waste hierarchy (reduce, recover, recycle). Russia closes the list with the type of CERPP “basic waste management”.

scholarly journals MEASURING THE PROGRESS TOWARDS CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Nicolae Pintilie ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Continuous Actions ◽  
Consumption Waste

This paper aims to create an image of progress towards circular economy registered by European Union countries through specific indicators. In this way, this paper is based on the study and analysis of the 13 indicators, grouped on 4 pillars: Production and consumption, Waste management, Secondary raw materials, Competitiveness and innovation. After the presentation of the methodology, the paper develops an analysis in time and space of the selected indicators, then an analysis of the countries with their grouping on clusters, creating a map of them and highlighting the current situation of circular economy in the European Union. Moreover, the paper also presents the evolution of the countries regarding circular economy, which has a big importance taking into account that in the European Union the preoccupations for this concept is higher from one period to another. Among the most interesting results are: (1) a massive concentration of countries with problems for Waste management pillar; (2) Europe is one of the regions with the largest contribution in terms of circular economy, but the concept is developing differently from one country to another; (3) The scoreboard evolution is particularly useful in revealing the continuous actions adopted by countries in order to facilitate the conversion to circular economy. Finally, the paper presents possible limits of the research, but also future directions of its development.

scholarly journals WEEE collection and CRM recovery trials: piloting a holistic approach for Scotland

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-718
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chain ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

<p>Re-Tek UK and its partners, Enscape Consulting and the University of West of Scotland commenced trials for the collection and recovery of critical raw materials from waste electrical and electronic (WEEE) products in July 2016. Sponsored by the EU LIFE funded project ‘Critical Raw Material Closed Loop Recovery’ coordinated by WRAP with EARN, ERP UK Ltd, KTN Ltd and Wuppertal Institute as beneficiaries. The trials are aimed at boosting the recovery of critical raw materials (CRMs) from household waste electrical and electronic products (WEEE) and Information Communications Technology (ICT) in particular, after functioning equipment is separated out for re-use. The new collection models provided residents with the opportunity to drop-off unwanted electrical and electronic appliances at a time and place that suits them, through a collaborative approach which encourages local authorities, educational establishments, businesses, and Social Enterprises, etc to act as hub sites. Hubs were designed to minimize product damage and encourage drop-off, rather than hoarding. Extraction methods developed after the collection phase of the trial looked at the opportunity to recover cobalt, gold and silver from ICT products, with the potential to inform how a more sustainable supply chain could be developed in Scotland. The elements studied were selected to demonstrate financial opportunity (gold/silver) and a strategic priority material (cobalt) for long term supply. These are based on bioleaching and electrochemical recovery using novel carbon based electrode systems, and chemical processing methods using extraction techniques with an assessment of pilot performance and scale up challenges. Our report is on the state of progress towards practical solutions to WEEE and CRM recovery.</p>

Sustainable Waste Management Challenges in Argentina

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atilio Armando Savino ◽  
Ernesto de Titto
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Owned Company

A general picture of waste management in Argentina is presented, taking into consideration the obligations of the state to guarantee the collection of household waste and to dispose of it in authorized sites and the generator's responsibility on the management of hazardous waste. Separate boxes are presented to present the activities performed by organized waste pickers and by CEAMSE, a state-owned company responsible for waste disposition in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires. Waste management is essential for a sustainable development agenda. As witnessed in Argentina, this requires (1) closing open dumpsites, (2) a reliable and complete waste collection service, and (3) proper treatment of all waste streams. It is thus clear the need to (1) promote a circular economy; (2) tackle the management of organic waste; (3) ensure the adequate control and treatment of hazardous waste; (4) promote a suitable set of policies, regulations, and economic instruments; (5) select the best available technologies; and (6) formalize the informal phase of recycling.

Waste hierarchy index for circular economy in waste management

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 298-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Pires ◽  
Graça Martinho
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Waste Hierarchy

scholarly journals Organization of Business Activities Taking into Account Environmental and Economic Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Oleksandr V. Kubatko ◽  
Oleksandra V. Kubatko ◽  
Tetyana I. Sachnenko ◽  
Odevole O. Oluwaseun
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
The Impact

One of the most urgent environmental problems today is the pollution of the environment by emissions of harmful substances and industrial waste. The negative impact on the environment and people is becoming more widespread, and its disposal methods inhibit the development of the economic system. In a market economy, entrepreneurs are not interested in increasing environmental costs, which naturally lead to higher production costs and reduce profits. The impact on the environment is becoming more widespread every year and has led to an ecological crisis in some parts of the world. Waste recycling has been constantly discussed since a person “produces” more than 250 kg of household waste per year. At the enterprise, these figures reach 10 000 kg. In recent years, Ukraine has imported about 30-50 thousand tons of PET granulate, which is gradually accumulating in landfills in the form of packaging, bottles, films. Such hazardous pollutants affect the environment through soil and water. In contrast, Ukraine does not yet have successful experience in waste management. In our opinion, such behavior is the ignorance of the population about waste disposal and replacement of a particular product with a more environmentally friendly one. The functioning of enterprises and farms does not always have the equipment to dispose of waste, and there is no room for the disposal of unnecessary products and raw materials. However, the problem of lack of innovative equipment arises due to a lack of adequate funding. Therefore, the lack of possibilities for a comprehensive solution to the situation creates a barrier, which does not allow to take proper measures to eliminate and reduce the amount of garbage. Despite many regulations and legal frameworks for regulating waste management, there is no cost-effective policy, and there is no regional waste management program and plan for their proper disposal. It can be concluded that the recycling and disposal of waste will reduce the need for waste incineration, create conditions for improving the economic component of the region and the country as a whole with an account of environmental quality standards. The paper pays attention to the essence of waste disposal; identified ways to recycle garbage.

scholarly journals Application of the circular economy in the industrial scrapmanagement process: a case study in the Açu Port Complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Messias Sodré Cunha ◽  
Jully do Nascimento Germano ◽  
Gustavo Tavares Machado ◽  
Frank Pavan de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Environmental Treatment ◽  
Environmental Development

The main proposal of the circular economy is to change the concept of "garbage" fromWaste that was structured in this project and replaced by a continuous and cyclical vision of the production, in which resources are no longer just explored and discarded and are now reused in a new Cycle. The Circular Economy encourages new management practices, creating opportunities and value for organizations in harmony with the environment. This article aims to analyze the feasibility of implementing Circular Economy methods, with an emphasis on controlling scrap disposal in the Açu Port Complex (São Joãoda Barra/RJ), bringing sustainable alternatives to Waste Management. In addition to evaluating its environmental and economic efficiency, it proposes to end the linear production process and reinsert waste into the production cycle to minimize environmental treatment and the extraction of raw materials. The investigation will start through specific exploratory research, bringing as a consequence, possible economic alternatives for the reuse of these materials. The research is also classified as descriptiveand case study since a survey of real information on waste management in the Açu Port Complex will be carried out. It is hoped through this research to demonstrate how the circular economy can contribute to economic, social, and environmental development when used in an interdisciplinary way by productive activities.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL REGULATION OF CONCESSION IN THE FIELD OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
О.A. Trehub ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Optimal Location ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Hierarchy ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Operational Readiness ◽  
Waste Facility

The article considers the peculiarities of legal regulation of concession relations in field of waste management in the context of the new Law of Ukraine «On Concession». The main purpose of this paper is to substantiate proposals for the development of the above-mentioned legal regulation. The paper offers to establish special performance indicators, the achievement of which will determine the amount of fee for the operational readiness of waste facility (paid to concessionaire by public partner). Such indicators are increase in volume of separate collection and recycling of waste, reducing volume of biodegradable waste disposal, as well as non-pretreated household waste disposal. The procedure for analyzing the effectiveness of public-private partnership in the form of a concession is specified, taking into account the principles of waste hierarchy, self-sufficiency and proximity. The waste hierarchy will allow a fuller assessment of the environmental, resource, energy, social and other efficiencies of potential concession projects. The principle of proximity can be an important criterion for determining the optimal location of waste facility to be built by concessionaire. It is proposed to approve model concession agreements for the construction and management of waste facilities. By analogy with model lease agreements of state property, all conditions established by model concession agreements for the construction and management of waste facilities it is advisable to divide into changeable (recommended) and unchangeable (mandatory). It is argued the direct inclusion of waste legislation in the legislation, which is not subject to the guarantees of the rights of concessionaire.

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