Corrosion of N10276 in a H2S, HCl, and CO2 Containing Atmosphere at 480 °C and 680 °C

In several industrial processes, metallic materials suffer from chlorine- and sulfur-induced high-temperature corrosion. In previous studies, several steels have been tested at laboratory scale in a simulated gas atmosphere of a pyrolysis process of anthropogenic resources. In this paper, we propose a model on the course of corrosion in a H2S and HCl-containing atmosphere for N10276, which contains, besides iron, chromium, and nickel, also molybdenum as main alloying element. Bearing in mind the impact of the main alloying elements, as well as thermodynamic considerations and kinetic effects, the corrosion behavior of N10276 in a H2S and HCl-containing atmosphere at 480 °C and 680 °C can be explained. In addition, the corrosion behavior of N10276 is compared with earlier tested Fe-Cr-Ni alloys and differences in the corrosion behavior are stated within this paper.

Development of rural tourism in the municipality of Dragash

Tourism as an economic activity is a multidimensional phenomenon and is characterized by a pronounced mass in the global school. Modern working conditions in a field and tourist characteristic are characterized by a strong competition. Using tracking and research, we should not achieve a more effective analysis and assessment of natural potentials, anthropogenic resources, infrastructure and investments in the areas of Opolje and Gora, and beyond. With this paper we want to highlight the potentials and achievements of rural tourism in the municipality of Dragash, as well as in the use of policies and the use of concrete initiatives to make a unit. In this way it is necessary to know the tourism and rural economic market, as well as the opportunities for placing goods and the tourist offer of goods in that market, and thus provide reasonable examples for other municipalities in Kosovo.

Albatrosses can memorize locations of predictable fishing boats but favour natural foraging

Human activities generate food attracting many animals worldwide, causing major conservation issues. The spatio-temporal predictability of anthropogenic resources could reduce search costs for animals and mediate their attractiveness. We investigated this through GPS tracking in breeding black-browed albatrosses attracted to fishing boats. We tested for answers to the following questions. (i) Can future boat locations be anticipated from cues available to birds? (ii) Are birds able to appropriately use these cues to increase encounters? (iii) How frequently do birds use these cues? Boats were spatially persistent: birds searching in the direction where they previously attended boats would encounter twice as many boats compared with following a random direction strategy. A large proportion of birds did not use this cue: across pairs of consecutive trips ( n = 85), 51% of birds switched their foraging direction irrespective of previous boat encounters. Still, 15 birds (27%) were observed to closely approach (approx. 0.1–1 km) where they previously attended a boat while boats were no longer there. This is less than the distance expected by chance (approx. 10–100 km), based on permutation control procedures accounting for individual-specific spatial consistency, suggesting individuals could memorize where they encountered boats across consecutive trips. We conclude albatrosses were able to exploit predictive cues from recent boat encounters but most favoured alternative resources.

Anthropogenic food enhancement alters the timing of maturational landmarks among wild savanna monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus)

ABSTRACTAnthropogenic landscapes are rapidly replacing natural nonhuman primate habitats. Yet, the access to anthropogenic resources on primate biology, health, and fitness remain poorly studied. Given their ubiquity across a range of human impacted landscapes, from cities to national parks, savanna monkeys (Chlorocebus spp.) provide an excellent study system in which to test these effects. We compared body condition and reproductive maturation in vervets (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) inhabiting a private farm in !Gariep Dam, with ample access to anthropogenic foods, and wild-foraging vervets in Soetdoring Nature Reserve, South Africa. Overall, vervets in !Gariep show significantly thicker skin folds, and higher BMI and body mass, than those in Soetdoring, suggesting increased fat deposition. Males in !Gariep have larger relative testis volumes at peri-pubescent ages compared to those in Soetdoring, suggesting early reproductive maturation associated with age-specific increases in body mass. Females from !Gariep showed evidence of an earlier onset of reproduction than those in Soetdoring, based on parity status as assessed by nipple length and evidence of lactation. Parity status at sub-adult dental ages was also strongly associated with body mass. These results are consistent with a positive effect of anthropogenic food-enhancement on body fat deposition, potentially linked to an earlier onset of reproductive maturation. Further investigation into primate responses to cultivated resources will inform our understanding of the broader effects of food enhancement on developmental plasticity.

Sustainable mining towards accomplishing circular economy principles

Today human society is already witnessing rapid depletion of non-renewable ore resources. As the distribution of raw material resources globally is very off-balance, and preassure on environment as the consequence of ore exploatation is not negligible, re-utilization and recycling of industrial side-streams gaining on importance. Finding new potentially anthropogenic resources of material (at first place critical raw materials) are inline with sustainable waste management goals, and in correlation with boundaries given by the circular economy principles. Side-streams from mines can become source for recovery of these materials. The aim of this paper was to analyze position of mining waste in correlation with circular economy principles, as well potential for implementation of them within extraction industry in the Republic of Serbia.

Subsidies from anthropogenic resources alter diet, activity, and ranging behavior of an apex predator (Canis lupus)

Acquisition of resources can be costly and individuals are predicted to optimize foraging strategies to maximize net energy gain. Wolves (Canis lupus) would be expected to scavenge on subsidies from anthropogenic resources when these resources provide an energetic benefit over the capture of wild prey. We examined the effects of subsidies from anthropogenic resources in the form of livestock carcass dumps (LCDs) on wolf space use, activity, tortuosity, and diet in portions of North America’s northern hardwood/boreal ecosystem. We fitted 19 wolves with global positioning system collars during May–August of 2009–2011 and 2013–2015. Wolves with LCDs within their home ranges used areas adjacent to LCDs greater than non-LCD sites and had decreased home ranges and activity as compared to wolves without LCDs in their home ranges. Additionally, cattle comprised at least 22% of wolf diet from scavenging in areas with LCDs present as compared to no cattle in the diet of wolves without access to LCDs. Subsidies from anthropogenic resources in the form of LCDs can serve as attractants for wolves and alter wolf diet, activity, and ranging behavior. Apex predators may alter their behavior where subsidies from anthropogenic resources occur and management of these subsidies should be considered when attempting to reduce the impacts of humans on wolf behavior.