scholarly journals “ANTIGONES” FROM TRANSBAIKALIA. THE SPECIFICITY OF WOMEN’S COUNTER-MEMORY IN THE BORDER REGIONS OF INNER ASIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Peshkov Ivan O. ◽  

Stalinist mass violence led to the dispersion of Transbaikalian Cossacks, the loss of their material and cultural base, the decrease of their population and the disintegra-tion of the group. The reaction of the ex-Cossack transborder society in the USSR, China and Mongolia were the counter-memory building practices including the glori-fication of anticommunist uprisings and great respect for the local warlord Ataman Semenov (being the symbol of resistance). These re-remembering practices of the ul-tra male-oriented and dominated community reveal essential gender aspects. Para-doxically, the Transbaikalian Cossack counter-memory is a mostly women project. The Socialist modernization trauma confronted Cossack women with the so-called Antigone dilemma of the choice between the family (memory) and the state (forced forgetting). This article aims at showing the specificity of Cossack womens memory-building practices from the perspective of the character of women’s memories (con-nected with their family life, religious experiences and local social network), the dif-ference between the sexes as regards the social experience in Transbaikalian villages and women’s role in the Cossack tradition (telling the truth). The empirical founda-tions of this investigation are based on the field work and archive research conducted in Russia, Mongolia and China. The theoretical basis is the assumption of the mostly epistemological presence of the Past and the dependence of memory on the current social and cultural situation. Thus, that proves the active social role of memory and the impossibility of the purely autonomous collective memory in the conditions of isolation and mass political indoctrination. Nonetheless, the analyzed case has also shown the possibility of transforming ideological patterns into private mythology and the women’s legends about the ancestors’ glory, crucial for the cultural survival of the community.

Tendencias ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Neritza Alvarado ◽  
Maryoly Molero ◽  
Ingrid Olmos ◽  
José Soto

Se estudia el papel de Petróleos de Venezuela Sociedad Anónima (PDVSA, la principal empresa estratégica del Estado en este país) en la lucha contra la pobreza-exclusión social, en tanto organismo promotor, financista y ejecutor de programas y proyectos sociales, junto con el poder comunal, desde el año 2003 cuando pasa a control directo del gobierno bolivariano. El objetivo del trabajo es discernir algunos logros y limitaciones de esa intervención, a través de dos proyectos de desarrollo social ejecutados por PDVSA-Occidente (Maracaibo y Costa Oriental del Lago), en dos comunidades de los municipios Maracaibo y Lagunillas del estado Zulia, entidad-región petrolera por excelencia. Se toma como base la percepción de los actores involucrados, tanto de parte de la empresa como de las comunidades. Se realiza una breve revisión documental, especialmente de la normativa que le prescribe ese nuevo rol social a PDVSA; y un trabajo de campo dentro de una investigación cualitativa etnográfica, con uso del método estudio de casos, observación directa y entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad a informantes clave: gerentes de desarrollo social y coordinadores de los proyectos; voceros de los consejos comunales y beneficiarios directos. Según los informantes, el papel de PDVSA ha sido decisivo en el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida aunque no suficiente para erradicar la pobreza; los beneficiarios se sienten incluidos y tienen expectativas positivas hacia el futuro, no obstante admiten limitaciones como retraso en los proyectos, débil comunicación industria-comunidad, escasa participación de ésta y ausencia de contraloría social. ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the active role played by Petróleos de Venezuela SA (PDVSA, the main strategic State enterprise), since 2003, when it became directly controlled by the bolivarian government, as an entity promoter, financier and implementer of diverse social programs and projects, together with the communal power, aimed to combat poverty and exclusion in the country. So, PDVSA plays unpublished social functions and therefore a new historical role, as part of its responsibility for the development of the endogenous-socialist model. The objective of this work is to discern some achievements and limitations of this intervention (until 2011), through two social development projects executed by PDVSA-West (Maracaibo Lake and East Coast) in two communities of extreme poverty of Maracaibo and Lagunillas Municipalities, traditional oil region, in Zulia State, Venezuela. It builds on the perception of the involved actors, both, the company and communities. A literature review is made, especially the legislation that prescribes that new role to PDVSA; and a field work in a qualitative ethnographic research, using the case study method, direct observation and semi-structured in-depth interviews to key informants: social development managers and project coordinators; spokesmen communal councils and direct beneficiaries. According to the informants, the social role of PDVSA has been an instrumental in improving the living conditions, although it´s not enough to eradicate poverty; the beneficiaries feel included and have positive expectations for the future, however they allow limitations as delayed projects, weak industry-community communication, low participation of the community and lack of social control. RESUMOEste artigo examina o papel na luta contra a pobreza e a exclusão social da Petroleos de Venezuela SA (PDVSA, a principal empresa estatal estratégica neste país), como entidade promotora, financiadora e executora de programas e projetos sociais, juntamente com o poder comunal, desde 2003, quando ela passa o controle direto do governo bolivariano. O objetivo deste trabalho é discernir algumas conquistas e limitações dessa intervenção, através de dois projetos de desenvolvimento social implementados pela PDVSA-Oeste (de Maracaibo y da Costa Leste do Lago), em duas comunidades dos municípios Maracaibo e Lagunillas do estado Zulia, importante região petrolífera. O estudo se baseia na percepção dos atores envolvidos, da empresa y das comunidades.Uma breve revisão da literatura e documentos é feita, especialmente dos regulamentos que prescrevem o novo papel social para PDVSA.Também foi realizado um trabalho de campo numa pesquisa qualitativa etnográfica, utilizando o método Estudo de Casos, a observação direta e entrevistas semi-estruturadas, em profundidade, a informantes-chave: gerentes de desenvolvimento social e  coordenadores dos projectos; porta-vozes dos conselhos comunitários e beneficiários diretos. De acordo com os informantes, o papel da PDVSA tem sido fundamental para melhorar as condições de vida mas não é suficiente para erradicar a pobreza; os beneficiários se sintam incluídos e têm expectativas positivas para o futuro, no entanto, eles admitem limitações como projetos adiados, fraco comunicação  indústria-comunidade, baixa participação desta e falta de controle social.


2018 ◽  
pp. 1060-1068
Author(s):  
Galina A. Dvoenosova ◽  

The article assesses synergetic theory of document as a new development in document science. In information society the social role of document grows, as information involves all members of society in the process of documentation. The transformation of document under the influence of modern information technologies increases its interest to representatives of different sciences. Interdisciplinary nature of document as an object of research leads to an ambiguous interpretation of its nature and social role. The article expresses and contends the author's views on this issue. In her opinion, social role of document is incidental to its being a main social tool regulating the life of civilized society. Thus, the study aims to create a scientific theory of document, explaining its nature and social role as a tool of social (goal-oriented) action and social self-organization. Substantiation of this idea is based on application of synergetics (i.e., universal theory of self-organization) to scientific study of document. In the synergetic paradigm, social and historical development is seen as the change of phases of chaos and order, and document is considered a main tool that regulates social relations. Unlike other theories of document, synergetic theory studies document not as a carrier and means of information transfer, but as a unique social phenomenon and universal social tool. For the first time, the study of document steps out of traditional frameworks of office, archive, and library. The document is placed on the scales with society as a global social system with its functional subsystems of politics, economy, culture, and personality. For the first time, the methods of social sciences and modern sociological theories are applied to scientific study of document. This methodology provided a basis for theoretical vindication of nature and social role of document as a tool of social (goal-oriented) action and social self-organization. The study frames a synergetic theory of document with methodological foundations and basic concepts, synergetic model of document, laws of development and effectiveness of document in the social continuum. At the present stage of development of science, it can be considered the highest form of theoretical knowledge of document and its scientific explanatory theory.


Author(s):  
Eduardo Manzano Moreno

This chapter addresses a very simple question: is it possible to frame coinage in the Early Middle Ages? The answer will be certainly yes, but will also acknowledge that we lack considerable amounts of relevant data potentially available through state-of-the-art methodologies. One problem is, though, that many times we do not really know the relevant questions we can pose on coins; another is that we still have not figured out the social role of coinage in the aftermath of the Roman Empire. This chapter shows a number of things that could only be known thanks to the analysis of coins. And as its title suggests it will also include some reflections on greed and generosity.


2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Carlos Valera ◽  
Thomas Xaver Schuhmacher ◽  
Arun Banerjee

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. CODELL CARTER

In early-nineteenth-century medical literature, one finds an elegant symmetry between causes of disease and causes of death: both were sufficient causes of particular events. However, as I will argue, by the end of the century physicians no longer sought sufficient causes of individual disease episodes – instead almost all of medical research was organized around the quest for necessary causes that were shared by all the episodes of each particular disease. Such causes carried great practical and theoretical advantages: they enabled physicians to control and to explain disease phenomena.One might wonder why there has been no parallel change in our thinking about causes of death; to this very day, causes of death are sufficient causes of particular events. In principle there is no apparent reason why we could not identify necessary causes for classes of deaths – indeed, we sometimes do so. But, in the case of death, such causes hold little interest. Because of how they are used, sufficient causes for individual deaths are more interesting and more important to us than are necessary causes of deaths. Thus, the change in thinking about causes of disease – the change that destroyed the symmetry between causes of disease and causes of death – may not reflect simply progress within a fixed system of medical goals and values, but a profound change in the social role of physicians.


1943 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
J. E. Hulett
Keyword(s):  

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