scholarly journals Millimeter-Wave Channel Measurement at 73GHz and 81GHz

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changyu Guo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wave Channel ◽  
Narrowband Signal ◽  
Loss Models ◽  
Log Normal

The abundant spectrum available at mmWave band can provide high capacity, high throughput, and low latency. In this thesis, we present experimental measurements for 73 and 81 GHz mmWave bands. Wideband propagation measurements were performed at the Boise Airport concourse C area and tarmac for both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of sight (NLOS) scenarios. Power delay profiles were recorded and analyzed with close-in free space reference path loss models and floating intercept path loss models. In addition, building material attenuation at 28, 73, and 91 GHz is presented. Measurements at 73 GHz for wideband and narrowband signal are performed with directional antennas. Moreover, wideband spatial fading measurements were performed at the Boise State University Micron Engineering Building and Boise Airport. The power delay profiles are recorded and analyzed with Rayleigh, Ricean, and log-normal models. Large scale path loss parameters at the airport, material attenuation and small scale fading parameters were computed. The results can help researchers and network designers in simulation and design of mmWave wireless networks.

scholarly journals Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Propagation Channel over Vegetation and Lake Areas: First- and Second-Order Statistical Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Deyvid L. Leite ◽  
Pablo Javier Alsina ◽  
Millena M. de Medeiros Campos ◽  
Vicente A. de Sousa ◽  
Alvaro A. M. de Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Secure Communication ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Doppler Frequency ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Log Normal

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to provide services such as the Internet, goods delivery, and air taxis has become a reality in recent years. The use of these aircraft requires a secure communication between the control station and the UAV, which demands the characterization of the communication channel. This paper aims to present a measurement setup using an unmanned aircraft to acquire data for the characterization of the radio frequency channel in a propagation environment with particular vegetation (Caatinga) and a lake. This paper presents the following contributions: identification of the communication channel model that best describes the characteristics of communication; characterization of the effects of large-scale fading, such as path loss and log-normal shadowing; characterization of small-scale fading (multipath and Doppler); and estimation of the aircraft speed from the identified Doppler frequency.

scholarly journals Channel Characterization and Path Loss Modeling in Indoor Environment at 4.5, 28, and 38 GHz for 5G Cellular Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bahjat Majed ◽  
Tharek Abd Rahman ◽  
Omar Abdul Aziz ◽  
Mohammad Nour Hindia ◽  
Effariza Hanafi
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Channel Characterization ◽  
Loss Models ◽  
Loss Modeling ◽  
Path Loss Modeling

The current propagation models used for frequency bands less than 6 GHz are not appropriate and cannot be applied for path loss modeling and channel characteristics for frequency bands above 6 GHz millimeter wave (mmWave) bands, due to the difference of signal propagation characteristics between existing frequency bands and mmWave frequency bands. Thus, extensive studies on channel characterization and path loss modeling are required to develop a general and appropriate channel model that can be suitable for a wide range of mmWave frequency bands in its modeling parameter. This paper presents a study of well-known channel models for an indoor environment on the 4.5, 28, and 38 GHz frequency bands. A new path loss model is proposed for the 28 GHz and 38 GHz frequency bands. Measurements for the indoor line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios were taken every meter over a separation distance of 23 m between the TX and RX antenna locations to compare the well-known and the new large-scale generic path loss models. This measurement was conducted in a new wireless communication center WCC block P15a at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM Johor, Malaysia, and the results were analyzed based on the well-known and proposed path loss models for single-frequency and multifrequency models and for directional and omnidirectional path loss models. Results show that the large-scale path loss over distance could be modeled better with good accuracy by using the simple proposed model with one parameter path loss exponent PLE (n) that is physically based to the transmitter power, rather than using the well-known models that have no physical base to the transmitted power, more complications (require more parameters), and lack of anticipation when explaining model parameters. The PLE values for the LOS scenario were 0.92, 0.90, and 1.07 for the V-V, V-H, and V-Omni antenna polarizations, respectively, at the 28 GHz frequency and were 2.30, 2.24, and 2.40 for the V-V, V-H, and V-Omni antenna polarizations, respectively, at the 38 GHz frequency.

scholarly journals Deterministic and Empirical Approach for Millimeter-Wave Complex Outdoor Smart Parking Solution Deployments

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4112
Author(s):  
Fidel Alejandro Rodríguez-Corbo ◽  
Leyre Azpilicueta ◽  
Mikel Celaya-Echarri ◽  
Peio Lopez-Iturri ◽  
Ana V. Alejos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Scale Parameters ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Wireless Communications Systems

The characterization of different vegetation/vehicle densities and their corresponding effects on large-scale channel parameters such as path loss can provide important information during the deployment of wireless communications systems under outdoor conditions. In this work, a deterministic analysis based on ray-launching (RL) simulation and empirical measurements for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications for outdoor parking environments and smart parking solutions is presented. The study was carried out at a frequency of 28 GHz using directional antennas, with the transmitter raised above ground level under realistic use case conditions. Different radio channel impairments were weighed in, considering the progressive effect of first, the density of an incremental obstructed barrier of trees, and the effect of different parked vehicle densities within the parking lot. On the basis of these scenarios, large-scale parameters and temporal dispersion characteristics were obtained, and the effect of vegetation/vehicle density changes was assessed. The characterization of propagation impairments that different vegetation/vehicle densities can impose onto the wireless radio channel in the millimeter frequency range was performed. Finally, the results obtained in this research can aid communication deployment in outdoor parking conditions.

scholarly journals Experimental Characterization and Correlation Analysis of Indoor Channels at 15 GHz

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhou ◽  
Zhangdui Zhong ◽  
Bei Zhang ◽  
Ruisi He ◽  
Ke Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Wireless System ◽  
Normal Distributions ◽  
Indoor Radio ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Wireless System Design ◽  
Correlation Properties

The indoor radio channels at 15 GHz are investigated based on measurements. The large- and small-scale fading behaviors as well as the delay dispersion characteristics are discussed. It is found that the large-scale fading, RiceanK-factor, and delay spread can be described by log-normal distributions. Furthermore, both autocorrelation and cross correlation properties of the above parameters are analyzed and modeled. These parameters characterize fading and delay behaviors as well as their mutual dependency and can be used as empirical values for future wireless system design and simulation in 15 GHz short-range indoor channels.

scholarly journals Path Loss Characterization in an Indoor Laboratory Environment at 3.7 GHz in in Line-Of-Sight Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (54) ◽  
pp. e12015
Author(s):  
Sandy Enrique Avella-Cely ◽  
Juan Carlos Muñoz-Pérez ◽  
Herman Antonio Fernández-González ◽  
Lorenzo Rubio-Arjona ◽  
Juan Ribera Reig-Pascual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Path Loss ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Laboratory Environment ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Reference Distance ◽  
Loss Models ◽  
And Performance

The objective of this work is to propose experimental path loss propagation models for communication channels in indoor environments. In this sense, an experimental path loss characterization has been achieved, according to the measurements campaign carried out in a typical scenario of a university campus. These narrowband measurements were collected in the laboratory environment at 3.7 GHz in line-of-sight (LOS) condition. Also, these measurements were carried out at night to simulate stationary channel conditions. Thus, the results obtained show the values of the parameters of the close-in (CI) free space reference distance and floating-intercept (FI) path loss models, in terms of the transmitter and receiver separation distance. It should be noted that these values of the path loss models have been extracted applying linear regression techniques to the measured data. Also, these values agree with the path loss exponent values presented by other researchers in similar scenarios. The path loss behavior can be described with the implementation of these models. However, more measurement campaigns are needed to improve the understanding of propagation channel features, as well as to obtain better precision in the results obtained. This, in order to optimize the deployment and performance of next fifth-generation (5G) networks that combine indoor environments to offer their services and applications.

scholarly journals Development of Frequency Modulated Array Antennas for Millimeter-Wave Communications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Shaddrack Yaw Nusenu
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Massive Growth ◽  
Array Antennas ◽  
Point To Point

With the massive growth of wireless data in mobile broadband communications, millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication is an alternative enabling technique for fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems. More importantly, mm-wave offers large frequency spectrum bands ranging from 30GHz to 300GHz that can be utilized to provide very high capacity (i.e., multigigabits per-second data rates). Moreover, because of the small wavelength at mm-wave frequencies, we can exploit large antenna elements in a small physical area, meaning beamforming schemes are feasible. Nevertheless, high directional antennas should be used due to overcoming the severe path loss and absorption in mm-wave frequencies. Further, the antennas should be steerable in angle and range directions to support point-to-point (multipoint) communications. So far, mm-wave communication has utilized phased-array antennas arrangement which is solely angle dependent. This review paper presents recent array technology, namely, frequency modulated frequency diverse array (FDA) for mm-wave communication applications with an emphasis on beamforming. In FDA, small frequency increment is added across the elements. In doing so, an array beam is generated which is angle-range-time dependent without the need of phase shifters. This feature has several promising potentials in mm-wave communications. In this review, the object is to bring to the fore this advance FDA technology to mm-wave communications community to call for more investigations. We review FDA research progress up to date and highlight the potential applications in mm-wave communications.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Channel Modeling and Measurements for 10 GHz in Indoor Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Iury S. Batalha ◽  
Andréia V. R. Lopes ◽  
Jasmine P. L. Araújo ◽  
Fabrício J. B. Barros ◽  
Bruno L. S. Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Channel Modeling ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Computer Engineering ◽  
Cross Polarization ◽  
Non Line Of Sight

With the advent of 5G mobile communication and researches into the propagation of large-scale channel modeling for frequencies above 6 GHz, measurement investigation was performed at 10 GHz with horn-type directional antennas in a corridor and a computer room within the Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratories’ first floor, at Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Brazil. This paper presents data obtained through experimental work, channel modeling with co-polarization V-V and H-H and cross-polarization V-H in line-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions. The large-scale close-in reference is sustained by a comprehensive analysis, considering propagation mechanisms such as reflection and diffraction. Results demonstrate that the established model had inferior standard deviation in relation to measured data, proving itself more significant to propagation in indoor environments.

scholarly journals Ray-Based Statistical Propagation Modeling for Indoor Corridor Scenarios at 15 GHz

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Bo Ai ◽  
Ke Guan ◽  
David W. Matolak ◽  
Ruisi He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Propagation Characteristic ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Channel Measurements ◽  
The Impact

According to the demands for fifth-generation (5G) communication systems, high frequency bands (above 6 GHz) need to be adopted to provide additional spectrum. This paper investigates the characteristics of indoor corridor channels at 15 GHz. Channel measurements with a vector network analyzer in two corridors were conducted. Based on a ray-optical approach, a deterministic channel model covering both antenna and propagation characteristic is presented. The channel model is evaluated by comparing simulated results of received power and root mean square delay spread with the corresponding measurements. By removing the impact of directional antennas from the transmitter and receiver, a path loss model as well as small-scale fading properties for typical corridors is presented based on the generated samples from the deterministic model. Results show that the standard deviation of path loss variation is related to the Tx height, and placing the Tx closer to the ceiling leads to a smaller fluctuation of path loss.

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