scholarly journals Development of Frequency Modulated Array Antennas for Millimeter-Wave Communications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Shaddrack Yaw Nusenu
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Massive Growth ◽  
Array Antennas ◽  
Point To Point

With the massive growth of wireless data in mobile broadband communications, millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication is an alternative enabling technique for fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems. More importantly, mm-wave offers large frequency spectrum bands ranging from 30GHz to 300GHz that can be utilized to provide very high capacity (i.e., multigigabits per-second data rates). Moreover, because of the small wavelength at mm-wave frequencies, we can exploit large antenna elements in a small physical area, meaning beamforming schemes are feasible. Nevertheless, high directional antennas should be used due to overcoming the severe path loss and absorption in mm-wave frequencies. Further, the antennas should be steerable in angle and range directions to support point-to-point (multipoint) communications. So far, mm-wave communication has utilized phased-array antennas arrangement which is solely angle dependent. This review paper presents recent array technology, namely, frequency modulated frequency diverse array (FDA) for mm-wave communication applications with an emphasis on beamforming. In FDA, small frequency increment is added across the elements. In doing so, an array beam is generated which is angle-range-time dependent without the need of phase shifters. This feature has several promising potentials in mm-wave communications. In this review, the object is to bring to the fore this advance FDA technology to mm-wave communications community to call for more investigations. We review FDA research progress up to date and highlight the potential applications in mm-wave communications.

scholarly journals Review of Recent Phased Arrays for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Communication

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqeel Naqvi ◽  
Sungjoon Lim
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Phased Arrays ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
System Architectures

Owing to the rapid growth in wireless data traffic, millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communications have shown tremendous promise and are considered an attractive technique in fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems. However, to design robust communication systems, it is important to understand the channel dynamics with respect to space and time at these frequencies. Millimeter-wave signals are highly susceptible to blocking, and they have communication limitations owing to their poor signal attenuation compared with microwave signals. Therefore, by employing highly directional antennas, co-channel interference to or from other systems can be alleviated using line-of-sight (LOS) propagation. Because of the ability to shape, switch, or scan the propagating beam, phased arrays play an important role in advanced wireless communication systems. Beam-switching, beam-scanning, and multibeam arrays can be realized at mm-wave frequencies using analog or digital system architectures. This review article presents state-of-the-art phased arrays for mm-wave mobile terminals (MSs) and base stations (BSs), with an emphasis on beamforming arrays. We also discuss challenges and strategies used to address unfavorable path loss and blockage issues related to mm-wave applications, which sets future directions.

scholarly journals Split Antenna Array in Millimeter Wave for Secure Vehicular Communication

2018 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 02024
Author(s):  
Shah Marjan ◽  
Lin Bai ◽  
Chao Han
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Physical Layer Security ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Artificial Noise ◽  
Vehicular Communication

The small carrier wavelength at millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequencies features a large number of co-located antennas. Wireless networks with directional antennas using beamforming at mm-wave also have potential to provide an enhanced security in the vehicular communication system. Large bandwidth of mm-wave can provide auto drive and safety linked functionalities, However, safety and efficiency of the vehicular transportation system can be jeopardized by many kinds of attacks by eavesdroppers, physical layer security can work as an extra layer of security for wireless communication systems. To secure communication in-between Vehicles, an Analog precoding based physical Layer technique for mm-wave vehicular communication systems is presented in the paper. The proposed technique works by exploiting large Antenna arrays at millimeter waves and provide a secure directional transmission with low power consuming phase shifters and single Radio Frequency Chain. Larger antennas arrays are split into two subsets, one for transmission of data and another for generating noise. The proposed technique offers improved coherent transmission at the legitimate receiver and by introducing artificial noise to the eavesdroppers at random directions. This outcome in low SNR for the eavesdroppers, hence hacking information becomes extremely difficult. Numerical and Simulation results show the superior performance of the proposed technique compared to traditional physical layer security technique and conventional array technique.

scholarly journals Study and Design of Array and Beamsteering Antennas for Millimeter Wave Band Application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeideh Shad
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
High Data Rate ◽  
Lens Antenna ◽  
High Data ◽  
Lens Antennas ◽  
Point To Point

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems have attracted significant interest regarding supporting high data rate of Gigabit/s communications for the new generation of wireless communication networks. MmWave communication systems have frequency ranges in between 30 and 300 GHz wherein an enormous amount of unused bandwidth is available. Although the available bandwidth of mmWave frequencies is promising for high data rate communications, the propagation characteristics of mmWave frequencies are significantly different from microwave frequency band in terms of path loss, diffraction and blockage, and atmospheric absorption. In general, the overall losses of mmWave signals are significantly larger than that of microwave signals in point-to-point wireless communications. To compensate the high propagation losses, due to the limited output power that the current RF active components can deliver in millimeter waves, the use of directional and beam-steerable antennas become necessary in mmWave wireless systems. The use of directional antennas can effectively alleviate the signal interference in mmWave communications. High-gain directional antennas can be used at both the transmitting and receiving ends, resulting in a significantly enhanced Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR) and improved data security, and can be used in long-range mmWave point-to-point communications. Moreover, directional antenna beams with limited spatial coverage need to be steered either electronically or mechanically to obtain a better substitute link for non-Line of Loss (LOS) communications. Therefore, this dissertation mainly focuses on antenna design for mmWave frequency band applications. High gain and beam-steerable antennas with the merits of low profile, high gain, high efficiency and low cost are studied to address the new challenges of high frequency band antennas. First, waveguide-based technology is employed to propose a new wideband high gain antenna for 60 GHz band applications. Then, for beam-steerable antenna applications to steer the antenna beam in a specific direction, different structures of cylindrical lens antennas are studied. First, a compact two-dimensional lens antenna is designed and proposed at 28 GHz, and then a possible design of a wideband beam-steerable lens antenna is discussed and presented. Finally, a fully metallic wideband metasurface-based lens antenna is explored. The antenna is realized based on an array of periodic unit-cells to reduce the loss of the dielectric part in the conventional lens antennas. This property is exploited to design wideband cost-effective fully metallic antenna at mmWave frequencies.

scholarly journals A Tutorial on Optical Feeding of Millimeter-Wave Phased Array Antennas for Communication Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Aldaya ◽  
Gabriel Campuzano ◽  
Gerardo Castañón ◽  
Alejandro Aragón-Zavala
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Interference Avoidance ◽  
Amplitude Control ◽  
Phased Array Antennas ◽  
Array Antennas ◽  
The Impact

Given the interference avoidance capacity, high gain, and dynamical reconfigurability, phased array antennas (PAAs) have emerged as a key enabling technology for future broadband mobile applications. This is especially important at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies, where the high power consumption and significant path loss impose serious range constraints. However, at mm-wave frequencies the phase and amplitude control of the feeding currents of the PAA elements is not a trivial issue because electrical beamforming requires bulky devices and exhibits relatively narrow bandwidth. In order to overcome these limitations, different optical beamforming architectures have been presented. In this paper we review the basic principles of phased arrays and identify the main challenges, that is, integration of high-speed photodetectors with antenna elements and the efficient optical control of both amplitude and phase of the feeding current. After presenting the most important solutions found in the literature, we analyze the impact of the different noise sources on the PAA performance, giving some guidelines for the design of optically fed PAAs.

Interference and SINR in Millimeter Wave and Terahertz Communication Systems With Blocking and Directional Antennas

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1791-1808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Petrov ◽  
Mikhail Komarov ◽  
Dmitri Moltchanov ◽  
Josep Miquel Jornet ◽  
Yevgeni Koucheryavy
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Terahertz Communication

scholarly journals Design of True Time Delay Millimeter Wave Beamformers for 5G Multibeam Phased Arrays

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios I. Lialios ◽  
Nikolaos Ntetsikas ◽  
Konstantinos D. Paschaloudis ◽  
Constantinos L. Zekios ◽  
Stavros V. Georgakopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Phased Arrays ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Wireless Systems ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
True Time Delay ◽  
True Time

Millimeter wave (mm-Wave) technology is likely the key enabler of 5G and early 6G wireless systems. The high throughput, high capacity, and low latency that can be achieved, when mm-Waves are utilized, makes them the most promising backhaul as well as fronthaul solutions for the communication between small cells and base stations or between base stations and the gateway. Depending on the channel properties different communication systems (e.g., beamforming and MIMO) can accordingly offer the best solution. In this work, our goal is to design millimeter wave beamformers for switched beam phased arrays as hybrid beamforming stages. Specifically, three different analog beamforming techniques for the frequency range of 27–33 GHz are presented. First, a novel compact multilayer Blass matrix is proposed. Second, a modified dummy-ports free, highly efficient Rotman lens is introduced. Finally, a three-layer true-time-delay tree topology inspired by microwave photonics is presented.

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