Non-contact heart rate assessment based on spectral analysis of video images

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Loskutov ◽  
O.V. Melnik ◽  
E.R. Muratov ◽  
M.B. Nikiforov
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Video Images ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Video Sequence Analysis ◽  
Contact Sensors

Heart rate is one of the main physiological indicators of the body, and the parameters of heart rate variability reflect various aspects of the functional and psychoemotional status. Automatic determination of a person's condition based on video sequence analysis is an important problem in various areas related to ensuring the safety of production, air and transport communications, prevention of crimes and terrorist threats, etc. Therefore, an important task is to develop methods and algorithms for analyzing video images that allow remote monitoring of heart rate parameters. Purpose – development and software implementation of a method for non-contact assessment of heart rate based on spectral analysis of a video image of a person's face recorded using a traditional video camera. A method for non-contact measurement of heart rate has been developed, including the stages of data collection and preprocessing, spectral analysis of video images and analysis of the information obtained to calculate the results. The difference between the values of the average heart rate recorded using contact sensors and using the developed software does not exceed 3-4 beats per minute. The proposed approach can be implemented as part of various information systems where it is required to control the functional and psycho-emotional status of a person, for example, systems for operator’s status monitoring.

scholarly journals Noncontact monitoring of heart rate responses to taste stimuli using a video camera

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Masnani Bt Mohamed ◽  
Makoto Yoshizawa ◽  
Norihiro Sugita ◽  
Shunsuke Yamaki ◽  
Kei Ichiji
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Video Images ◽  
Green Component ◽  
Unpleasant Feeling ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Contact Sensors

Pleasant or unpleasant feeling stimulated by taste usually expressed to describe the acceptance or rejection of food and beverages intake by a human. Since it stimulates the emotional reactions, therefore it also induces other response such as heart rate variations. Traditional sensory tools used only subjective measurement such as self-report, to estimate the feeling of tasting. This method sometimes failed to show some differences between the pleasant and unpleasant type of feelings unconsciously. Previous unconscious measurement methods used the intrusive technique by placing some sensors in contact with the body, which may affect the results of sensory analysis. This study was conducted to avoid the effects of using contact sensors and validate the contact-less method of monitoring heart rate due to emotional changes by extracting plethysmographic signal from the green component of the video images. The videos were recorded while the subject responded to pleasant, unpleasant and neutral stimuli. The findings indicated that the heart rate was significantly related to taste stimuli that also reflected the subjective feelings. The unpleasant-taste influenced heart rate to increase more compared to pleasant-taste and neutral-taste. This proposed approach can be used to remotely detect the feeling/emotion that not overtly express through facial expression, speech or gestures.

XXI. Description of a hydropneumatic baroscope

1839 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 425-431
Keyword(s):  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Simple Calculation ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Floating Body ◽  
Convex Side ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Increased Pressure ◽  
Brass Wire

The principle on which the instrument I am about to describe is constructed, is, that the volume of a given quantity of air under a constant temperature, is inversely as the pressure to which it is subjected ; and the means I employ to estimate the change of volume which that quantity of air undergoes, by being subjected to differences of pressure caused by a change of elevation, are the determination of the difference of weight which a floating body is capable of sustaining in both situations. Thus, if a vessel containing a quantity of air and water be floated in water, and there be a com­munication between the water in the floating body and that in which it floats, it will follow, that when such an apparatus is subjected to diminished pressure, the air within the float will dilate, and cause a volume of water equal in amount to the dilatation of the air to be driven from the float; and the difference of weight which the floating body will sustain, will be the exact weight of the water expelled : if such an appa­ratus is subjected to an increased pressure, the air within it will contract, and consequently a quantity of water, from that in which it floats, will enter the float, and the diminished weight it is capable of sustaining will be the weight of the water which has entered the float, in consequence of the diminution of the volume of the air. It is by such means, with the instrument immediately to be described, and by the help of a very simple calculation, that I propose to determine the difference of level between any two places. Plate X. fig. 1. represents the floating part, made of thin sheet brass, the body of which ( a ), in form the frustum of a cone, is nine inches long, two inches in dia­meter at one end, and one inch at the other, and capable of containing about fourteen cubic inches. In the centre of the widest end, a small stud of brass ( b ) is hard sol­dered, into which a brass wire ( c ) is screwed, an inch and three-eighths long, and about one twenty-fifth or one thirtieth of an inch in diameter : the other end of the wire is screwed into a brass stud in the middle of the convex side of a shallow cup ( d ), made also of brass, and as light as possible, so that it will retain its shape, and be capable of sustaining a weight of about eight hundred or one thousand grains.

scholarly journals HEMATOSALIVAL BARRIER IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Oleg Chuykin ◽  
Maria Shtanko ◽  
Kristina Kuchuk
Keyword(s):  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Level Analysis

To maintain homeostasis of the internal environment of the body, mechanisms are needed that control the exchange of various components between blood and the internal environment of tissues and organs. One of these physiological structures is the blood-salivary barrier, which regulates the selective metabolism between blood and oral fluid. Changes in the composition of biological fluids (blood and saliva) can be used as markers for diagnosing pathological conditions of the body and the dynamics of therapeutic measures. Of great importance is the study of the blood-salivary barrier for the search for drugs that are selectively transferred from the blood to the saliva. Some drugs are excreted in saliva at a concentration higher than they are in the blood. However, more often the concentration of drugs in saliva is much lower than in blood serum. Purpose: to form a list of the main trends and scientific and practical directions on the func-tioning of the hematosalvarial barrier. Materials and methods: to analyze the topic of the clinical significance of the hematosalvarial barrier, periodicals and scientific journals of domestic and foreign literature were studied, which determined the difference in the levels of trace elements, hormones, immune complexes between the oral fluid and serum. Conclusion: Analysis of literature data shows that the function of the blood-salivary barrier acts as a nonspecific adaptive mechanism, while saliva reflects the state of the protective functions of the barrier at the organismal level. Analysis of the selectivity and permeability of the blood-salivary barrier, as well as determination of changes in the composition and proper-ties of blood and oral fluid, can optimize and facilitate the diagnosis and control of treatment of various diseases of the oral cavity and the body as a whole.

scholarly journals Retrospective study of allometric relationship between heart rate, electrocardiographic parameters and bodyweight in dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1800-1804
Author(s):  
A.S.C. Aleixo ◽  
A. Alfonso ◽  
M.G. Fillippi ◽  
S.B. Chiacchio ◽  
M.L.G. Lourenço
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Allometric Relationship ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Electrocardiographic Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Weight Groups

ABSTRACT The allometric relationship between bodyweight (BW) and heart rate (HR) has been described as inversely proportional in domestic species, but that has been refuted. The relationship between HR and electrocardiographic variables is described in literature. However, studies about the variation and influence of factors on the hemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters in dogs are not abundant. As the metabolic rate is defined as the production and dissipation of heat by the body surface area (BSA) in m², it is essential to define that relationship. A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the correlation between HR, ECG parameters and BW in dogs. One thousand electrocardiographic tracings were analyzed in addition to the ECG parameters and clinical data such as gender, age and bodyweight. The determination of BSA was performed as follows: BSA (m2) = (10.1 x bodyweight 0.67) X 10-4. When the unified groups were analyzed, there was a negative but weak correlation (r= -0.14, P< 0.0001) between bodyweight and HR. There were differences between weight groups regarding electrocardiographic variables. There is no allometric relationship between BW and HR in dogs. Weight was associated with changes in ECG variables.

Fidelity of the Estimation of the Deformation Gradient From Data Deduced From the Motion of Markers Placed on a Body That is Subject to an Inhomogeneous Deformation Field

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vít Průša ◽  
K. R. Rajagopal ◽  
U. Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Number ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Deformation Gradient ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inhomogeneous Deformation ◽  
Actual Error ◽  
The Difference

Practically all experimental measurements related to the response of nonlinear bodies that are made within a purely mechanical context are concerned with inhomogeneous deformations, though, in many experiments, much effort is taken to engender homogeneous deformation fields. However, in experiments that are carried out in vivo, one cannot control the nature of the deformation. The quantity of interest is the deformation gradient and/or its invariants. The deformation gradient is estimated by tracking positions of a finite number of markers placed in the body. Any experimental data-reduction procedure based on tracking a finite number of markers will, for a general inhomogeneous deformation, introduce an error in the determination of the deformation gradient, even in the idealized case, when the positions of the markers are measured with no error. In our study, we are interested in a quantitative description of the difference between the true gradient and its estimate obtained by tracking the markers, that is, in the quantitative description of the induced error due to the data reduction. We derive a rigorous upper bound on the error, and we discuss what factors influence the error bound and the actual error itself. Finally, we illustrate the results by studying a practically interesting model problem. We show that different choices of the tracked markers can lead to substantially different estimates of the deformation gradient and its invariants. It is alarming that even qualitative features of the material under consideration, such as the incompressibility of the body, can be evaluated differently with different choices of the tracked markers. We also demonstrate that the derived error estimate can be used as a tool for choosing the appropriate marker set that leads to the deformation gradient estimate with the least guaranteed error.

scholarly journals Effects of Esmolol on Vascular Waterfall Phenomenon in Septic Shock Patients by Bedside Measurement of Critical Closure Pressure and Mean Systemic Filling Pressure: A Prospective Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehan Liu ◽  
Chuanliang Pan ◽  
Jianping Liu ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Hui Xie
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Filling Pressure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heart Rate Control ◽  
Hemodynamic Optimization ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background To explore the effect of esmolol on the vascular waterfall phenomenon and body oxygen supply and demand in septic shock patients by bedside measurements of critical closure pressure (Pcc) and mean systemic circulation filling pressure (Pmsf). Methods Enrolled in the Intensive Care Medicine Unit (ICU) of the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu City/Southwest Jiaotong University Hospital from August 2019 to January 2021, admitted to our department for infectious shock. Adults with endotracheal intubation, invasive ventilator-assisted ventilation, pulse-indicated continuous cardiac output monitoring (PiCCO) catheters and deep venous catheters placed for medical reasons. Results After 24 hours of initial hemodynamic optimization, 56 patients were finally enrolled. After heart rate control with esmolol, patients had a significant decrease in cardiac index (CI) (4.0 vs. 3.3 L/min/m2, p < 0.001), a significant increase in stroke index (SI) (34.1 vs. 36.6 ml/m2, p < 0.01), and a significant decrease in heart rate (HR) (116.8 vs. 90.6 beats/min, p < 0.001). After 1 hour of treatment with esmolol, patients had a significant increase in Pcc (31.4 vs 36.7 mmHg, p < 0.01). The difference between Pcc and Pmsf before and after treatment was statistically different (4.0 vs 10.0 mmHg, p < 0.01). After heart rate control with esmolol, the patients had a significant increase in the body circulation vascular resistance indices (RIs) (15.14 vs 18.25 mmHg/min/m2-L-1, p < 0.001). There was an increase in ScvO2 in patients after treatment with esmolol, but the difference was not statistically significant (68.4% vs 69.8%, p > 0.05), while Pcv-aCO2 was significantly lower (6.3 vs 4.9 mmHg, p < 0.001) and patients had a significant decrease in blood lactate levels (4.0 vs 3.6 mmol/L, p < 0.05) . Conclusion Patients with septic shock whose heart rate was still greater than 95 beats/min after hemodynamic optimization were treated with esmolol, which could effectively control heart rate and reduce CI, as well as improve Pcc and increase the difference between Pcc and Pmsf, without affecting MAP, CVP, Pmsf and arteriovenous vascular resistance, and improve the balance of oxygen supply and demand in the body.

scholarly journals Analysis of indicators of short recording of heart rate variability in comorbid patients with non-communicable diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2(98)) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
G. Nevoit ◽  
M. Potiazhenko
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Comprehensive Examination

The issues of clinical significance and possibilities of assessing the indicators of variation pulsometry measurement and spectral analysis of a short recording of heart rate variability are highlighted in the article. This is necessary as an objective justification for the subsequent assessment of the functional state of the body and a comprehensive examination of comorbid patients for non-communicable diseases.The aim of the study was to assess the clinical and diagnostic value of a short recording of heart rate variability in comorbid patients with non-communicable diseases in order to increase the effectiveness of measures for their prevention and treatment in Ukraine by improving their diagnosis and prevention through the introduction of modern science-intensive technologies into medical practice.Material and methods. 174 comorbid patients with non-communicable diseases were examined by registering a short record of variability on the hardware-soft-ware complex Poly-Spectrum (Neurosoft, Russia) and the analysis of the results was done. The patients were divided into three groups depending on the degree of comorbidity.Results. Significant differences in spectral analysis and variation pulsometry measurements were established in patients with non-communicable diseases, depending on the degree of comorbidity.Conclusions. The expediency of using the method of short recording of heart rate variability in a comprehensive examination of comorbid patients has been established. The indicator of the total spectral power of the heart rate can be recommended for use as an additional independent predictor of the severity of comorbid pathology and assessment of the functional state.

scholarly journals Hardware and software method preclinical detection of pathological conditions in persons arriving for medical and psychological rehabilitation in the sanatorium conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. Syuris ◽  
Sergey M. Razinkin ◽  
Artem M. Komlev
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Pathological Conditions

BACKGROUND: It is important to identify the risks of developing somatic disorders, for further clarification by laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods. An objective assessment of the effectiveness of the medical and psychological rehabilitation (MPR) of a serviceman is important. AIMS: The aim of the study is to determine the informative value of the Diamed-MBS hardware and software complex as a method of preclinical detection of pathological conditions by assessing heart rate variability (HRV), electrosomatography, bioelectrography (BEG), as well as the psychosomatic context of complaints and identified deviations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Along with the methods of the Diamed-MBS agro-industrial complex, the MPR program of military personnel included a regulated scope of measures: examination for UPFT-1/30 "Psychophysiologist" (simple visual-motor reaction and variational cardiointervalometry); registration of the levels of "energy potential" and stress background by gas-discharge visualization on the pulse analyzer "GRV-Express", determination of the compositional composition of the body by bioimpedance measurement on the analyzer "Tanita BC-532". The automated system of assessment in points (APC) allows for differentiated diagnostics of the somatic and psychoemotional profile of military personnel who arrived at the MPR; to personalize the rehabilitation program; to evaluate the effectiveness of the MPR program. The data of a group of 85 military personnel undergoing MPR were processed in the Statistica 10 (StatSoft Inc., USA). RESULTS: In the branches of the Federal State Budgetary Institution SKK "Privolzhsky" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation ("Volga Clinical Sanatorium", "Chebarkulsky Sanatorium", "Yeltsovka Sanatorium") within the framework of the psychotherapy office (psychologist's office) with the category of MPR, work was carried out on the Diamed-MBS hardware and software complexes for 9 months. This allowed for a short examination time (up to 20 minutes) to conduct an objective assessment of the psychosomatic state of a person: respiratory, digestive, immune, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, endocrine systems, as well as the general state of the body and psychological status. After the course of MPR, the improvement of the indicators of the condition of military personnel was noted to a greater extent due to the indicators according to the survey data (Questionnaire 1, 2) (p 0.000) (the subjective component of the study), which ultimately reflected the improvement of the integral indicator (Integral 1, 2) (p 0.007). Changes in the psychoemotional (Psychoemotional 1, 2) and somatic state (Soma 1, 2) were not statistically significant (p 0.05). CONCLUSION: The restoration of the psychoemotional background and the necessary training in stress resistance skills requires a revision of the duration of the MPR by military personnel. The advantage of the Diamed agro-industrial complex is the arrangement of three diagnostic complexes in one device: for determining the parameters of heart rate variability, electro-tomography, bioelectrography; in the mode of express diagnostics, the determination of the state of the body in the range "healthy-practically-healthy-weakened-premorbid state-sick-critical condition". The possibility of creating a single information and analytical center for processing the final protocols of the examination of military personnel under the MPR program in the CCM sanatoriums.

The Distribution of Temperatures in a Hot/Cold Die Set: The Effect of the Pressure, Temperature, and Material

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Lenard ◽  
M. E. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Control Program ◽  
The Body ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Die Set ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Interface Pressures

Modern hot metalforming operations require a predictive-adaptive control program in which the predictive component precalculates the necessary parameters—such as temperatures and loads—and the adaptive component sets up, monitors and adjusts the forming equipment. One of the needs of a predictive model of the process is for an understanding of the boundary conditions at the surface of contact. For high temperature operations, one of these conditions is described by the heat transfer coefficient, relating the heat flux and the difference of the temperatures of the contacting surfaces, at the die-workpiece interface. The surface temperatures are, of course, dependent on the distribution of the temperatures within the body of the dies. The determination of these distributions is the topic of the present project. Thermocouples embedded in a cold/hot die set as well as thermocouples placed on the surface of contact are used to monitor the temperature fields, within the body as well as on the surfaces, for various interface pressures, initial temperatures and materials. The results indicate that direct measurements of the temperatures of the contacting surfaces is very difficult and may lead to significant errors. It is recommended that a mathematical model, which uses the measured internal temperatures as initial conditions, should be employed to calculate the contact surface temperatures.

scholarly journals Use of Lumbar Point for the Estimation of Potential and Kinetic Mechanical Power in Running

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Slawinski ◽  
Véronique Billat ◽  
Jean-Pierre Koralsztein ◽  
Michel Tavernier
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
The Body ◽  
Motion Analysis System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Significant Underestimation

The purpose of this study was to estimate the difference between potential and kinetic mechanical powers in running (Pke, Ppe) calculated from the center of mass and one anatomic point of the body located on the lower part of the runner's back, the “lumbar point.” Six runners undertook a treadmill run at constant velocity and were filmed individually with a video camera (25 Hz). The 3-D motion analysis system, ANIMAN3D, uses a numerical manikin (MAN3D) which compares a voluminal subject (the athlete) directly to the manikin which possesses the same voluminal properties. This analysis system allows the trajectories of the center of mass and the lumbar point to be calculated. Then, from these trajectories, potential and kinetic mechanical powers in running are calculated. The results show that the utilization of the lumbar point rather than the runner's center of mass leads to a significant overestimation of Pkeand a significant underestimation of Ppe(bothp< 0.05). In spite of these differences, however, both methods of calculating Pkeand Ppeare well correlated: respectively,r= 0.92;p≤ 0.01, andr= 0.68;p≤ 0.05. Taking into account that the trajectory of an anatomic point is experimentally easier to access than that of the center of mass, such a point could be used to estimate the evolution of kinetic or potential energy variation in different cases. However, when the lumbar point rather than the center of mass is used to estimate the mechanical energy produced in running, Pkecould appear to be a discriminating parameter, which it is not.

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