scholarly journals The Little Ice Age, the climatic background of present-day warming in Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Oliva
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Climate Regime ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The Little Ice Age (LIA) constitutes the coldest period of the last millennia in Europe. A wide range of natural and historical records show evidence of colder climate conditions between the 14th and 19th centuries, together with a higher frequency of extreme hydroclimatic events. During these centuries, temperatures and precipitations showed different spatio-temporal patterns across Europe. This Special Issue includes eleven scientific works focusing on the climate regime, environmental dynamics as well as socio-economic implications of the LIA in Europe. Besides, this paper also identifies key guidelines for future research on the LIA causes and its consequences on environmental systems in the European continent.

scholarly journals Late Holocene environmental reconstructions and their implications on flood events, typhoon, and agricultural activities in NE Taiwan

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1857-1869 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-C. Wang ◽  
H. Behling ◽  
T.-Q. Lee ◽  
H.-C. Li ◽  
C.-A. Huh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Warm Pool ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Hydrological Conditions ◽  
Enso Events

Abstract. We reconstructed paleoenvironmental changes from a sediment archive of a lake in the floodplain of the Ilan Plain of NE Taiwan on multi-decadal resolution for the last ca. 1900 years. On the basis of pollen and diatom records, we evaluated past floods, typhoons, and agricultural activities in this area which are sensitive to the hydrological conditions in the western Pacific. Considering the high sedimentation rates with low microfossil preservations in our sedimentary record, multiple flood events were. identified during the period AD 100–1400. During the Little Ice Age phase 1 (LIA 1 – AD 1400–1620), the abundant occurrences of wetland plant (Cyperaceae) and diatom frustules imply less flood events under stable climate conditions in this period. Between AD 500 and 700 and the Little Ice Age phase 2 (LIA 2 – AD 1630–1850), the frequent typhoons were inferred by coarse sediments and planktonic diatoms, which represented more dynamical climate conditions than in the LIA 1. By comparing our results with the reconstructed changes in tropical hydrological conditions, we suggested that the local hydrology in NE Taiwan is strongly influenced by typhoon-triggered heavy rainfalls, which could be influenced by the variation of global temperature, the expansion of the Pacific warm pool, and the intensification of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events.

Oxygen isotope evidence of Little Ice Age aridity on the Caribbean slope of the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad S. Lane ◽  
Sally P. Horn ◽  
Kenneth H. Orvis ◽  
John M. Thomason
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Cordillera Central ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Caribbean

AbstractClimate change during the so-called Little Ice Age (LIA) of the 15th to 19th centuries was once thought to be limited to the high northern latitudes, but increasing evidence reflects significant climate change in the tropics. One of the hypothesized features of LIA climate in the low latitudes is a more southerly mean annual position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), which produced more arid conditions through much of the northern tropics. High-resolution stable oxygen isotope data and other sedimentary evidence from Laguna de Felipe, located on the Caribbean slope of the Cordillera Central of the Dominican Republic, support the hypothesis that the mean annual position of the ITCZ was displaced significantly southward during much of the LIA. Placed within the context of regional paleoclimate and paleoceanographic records, and reconstructions of global LIA climate, this shift in mean annual ITCZ position appears to have been induced by lower solar insolation and internal dynamical responses of the global climate system. Our results from Hispaniola further emphasize the global nature of LIA climate change and the sensitivity of circum-Caribbean climate conditions to what are hypothesized to be relatively small variations in global energy budgets.

scholarly journals Morphogenesis of New Straits and Islands Originated in the European Arctic Since the 1980s

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Wieslaw Ziaja ◽  
Krzysztof Ostafin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Franz Josef Land ◽  
European Arctic ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Origin Analysis

Several new islands and many islets have appeared in the European Arctic since the end of the 20th century due to glacial recession under climate warming. The specificity of the formation of each individual strait and island is shown in the paper (apart from its location and timing of its origin). Analysis of available maps and satellite images of all three European Arctic archipelagos, from different times since 1909–1910, was the main research method. There are three pathways of the morphogenesis of the new islands: (1) simultaneous recession of glaciers from both sides of a depression in bedrock being a potential strait (typical in Franz Josef Land), (2) uncovering a rocky hill (which protrudes from a depression in bedrock) from under a receding glacier, (3) recession of one glacier which had reached a rocky fragment of a coastline (e.g., headland or peninsula), being a potential new island, during a maximum extent of this glacier during the Little Ice Age (in the beginning of the 20th century). Additional straits and islands are currently at the stage of formation and will continue to form in the European Arctic in the case of further warming or stabilization of the current climate conditions.

scholarly journals Recent Climatic Mass Balance of the Schiaparelli Glacier at the Monte Sarmiento Massif and Reconstruction of Little Ice Age Climate by Simulating Steady-State Glacier Conditions

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Stephanie Suzanne Weidemann ◽  
Jorge Arigony-Neto ◽  
Ricardo Jaña ◽  
Guilherme Netto ◽  
Inti Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Recent Climate

The Cordillera Darwin Icefield loses mass at a similar rate as the Northern and Southern Patagonian Icefields, showing contrasting individual glacier responses, particularly between the north-facing and south-facing glaciers, which are subject to changing climate conditions. Detailed investigations of climatic mass balance processes on recent glacier behavior are not available for glaciers of the Cordillera Darwin Icefield and surrounding icefields. We therefore applied the coupled snow and ice energy and mass balance model in Python (COSIPY) to assess recent surface energy and mass balance variability for the Schiaparelli Glacier at the Monte Sarmiento Massif. We further used COSIPY to simulate steady-state glacier conditions during the Little Ice Age using information of moraine systems and glacier areal extent. The model is driven by downscaled 6-hourly atmospheric data and high resolution precipitation fields, obtained by using an analytical orographic precipitation model. Precipitation and air temperature offsets to present-day climate were considered to reconstruct climatic conditions during the Little Ice Age. A glacier-wide mean annual climatic mass balance of −1.8 ± 0.36 m w.e. a − 1 was simulated between between April 2000 and March 2017. An air temperature decrease between −0.9 ° C and −1.7 ° C in combination with a precipitation offset of up to +60% to recent climate conditions is necessary to simulate steady-state conditions for Schiaparelli Glacier in 1870.

scholarly journals Omni-channel users and omni-channel customers: a segmentation analysis using distribution services

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Cortiñas ◽  
Raquel Chocarro ◽  
Margarita Elorz
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Customer Segmentation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Price Perception ◽  
Distribution Services ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Channel Segment

Purpose Consumers are increasingly combining distribution channels, thus displaying so-called omni-channel behavior, both to complete a given purchase and between purchases. The authors make a distinction between omni-channel customers, who make use of distribution services in both channels and omni-channel users, who make partial use of the distribution services of one channel to support purchases in another. This paper aims to identify the omni-channel behavior among the customers of a global fast fashion retailer dealing in a wide range of apparel and clothing accessories. Design/methodology/approach Using a multinomial logit model, the authors perform a customer segmentation based on observed omni-channel behavior, considering the explanatory roles of demographics, distribution service features and customer service policies across the different retail channels. Findings The authors observe that the key retail channel features for explaining omni-channel customer behavior are product accessibility, both in store and online; the assurance that goods purchased online will satisfy the customer’s needs and expectations; and the option to return goods found unsatisfactory. Practical implications The results clearly show that the nature of the visits and purchases made by customers is determined by various components of the companýs customer service policy, which can, therefore, be used to guide the retailer’s segmentation strategy. Originality/value Future lines of research should explore the economic implications of this customer segmentation. The price perception data emerging from our findings suggest a greater sensitivity to prices in the mono-channel segment, which might be worth exploring in future research. Future research Future lines of research should explore the economic implications of this customer segmentation. The price perception data emerging from our findings suggest a greater sensitivity to prices in the mono-channel segment which might be worth exploring in future research.

scholarly journals Defining the Little Ice Age

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2159-2175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ø. Paasche ◽  
J. Bakke
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
West African Monsoon ◽  
West African ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Northern Annular Mode ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
Harsh Climate

Abstract. The "Little Ice Age" (LIA) is possibly the best-documented climatic anomaly of the past. A wide range of datasets portrays a harsh climate that worsened living conditions, primarily in terms of cooler temperatures, for people across Europe sometime during the last millennium. Regardless of the vast amount of data covering the LIA, there is presently no consensus concerning its spatial manifestation (was it regional or global?), its temporal constraints (when did it start and end?), or the broad-scale dynamics associated with it (what mechanisms did it involve?), although there is no shortage of suggestions. Based on a new compilation of data reflecting atmospheric circulation at both high and low latitudes, we show that the LIA lasted for roughly 400 years (∼1400–1800 AD). During this period at least four major atmospheric circulation systems on Earth co-varied on decadal to centennial timescales: Northern Annular Mode (NAM), Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and West African Monsoon (WAM). This pattern of convergence suggests that a strong coupling between these circulation systems was an important pre-condition for the realisation of the LIA.

From Disaster to Belief

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Philip Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Cooling Period ◽  
Abundant Food ◽  
Over Time

Throughout history, climate-related disasters commonly had wide-ranging religious consequences. As climate conditions have changed over time, they have affected human affairs and shaped attitudes. At times those conditions might have promoted prosperity, abundant food supplies, fertility, and general contentment. Quite frequently, though, we can identify periods of acute harm, either short-lived, such as that of 1739–1742, or much longer-lasting, such as the repeated hammer blows during the prolonged cooling period that has been termed the Little Ice Age. This chapter describes the complex means by which climate affects human societies and thereby drives religious change, often on a revolutionary scale. It especially stresses the “apocalyptic” consequences: famine, plague, war, and death.

Radiocarbon Chronology of the Schurovo Burial Mound Cremation Complex (Viking Times, Middle Oka River, Russia)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 771-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Syrovatko ◽  
N E Zaretskaya ◽  
A A Troshina ◽  
A V Panin
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
River Terrace ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology

Excavation of the Schurovo archaeological site, located on a ∼12-m river terrace, has revealed 3 occupation periods: 1) as a dwelling site of the Migration period (4th–5th centuries AD); 2) as local burial mounds (termed “houses of the dead” in Russian); 3) and as a ground burial period, which left a cremation layer directly on the ground and is now covered by the Little Ice Age overbank alluvium. The latter 2 periods contain few artifacts, which makes radiocarbon dating more appropriate for establishing their chronology. The burial mounds were dated to the mid-6th to mid-7th centuries AD. The accumulation of colluvium in mound ditches points to a rather long (at least a century) pause between the construction of burial mounds and the appearance of ground burials. Dates from the cremation layer (ground burials) span a wide range from the 8th to 13th centuries AD. As the younger dates do not correspond to regional historical and archaeological contexts, we believe them to be “rejuvenated” due to their long exposure before burial to the young alluvium. The ground burials are dated to the mid-8th to mid-10th centuries AD, the so-called “dark ages” in the Moscow region characterized by very few archaeological data. An isolated ancient branch of the Oka River near the archaeological site was radiocarbon dated and found to be active until the mid-10th to later-12th centuries AD, meaning that it was likely used as a local harbor on the transit river route throughout the site's occupation.

scholarly journals The Spatio-Temporal Pattern of the Mid-Holocene Thermal Maximum

Geografie ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Temperature Pattern ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Firm Conclusion ◽  
Holocene Thermal Maximum ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Data Coverage ◽  
Spatio Temporal

This article presents a review of the spatio-temporal pattern of the mid-Holocene Thermal Maximum as it occurs in 60 different reconstructions of annual mean temperature from locations around the globe. The geographical coherency of multi-centennial periods with annual mean temperatures at least 1°C and 2°C above the pre-industrial (~1750 AD) equivalents are presented. Although the reconstructions show a heterogeneous temperature pattern for the period c. 10–8 ka BP, a rather coherent period of temperatures exceeding the pre-industrial ones are seen for c. 8–4 ka BP. The onset of the Neoglaciation takes place 4–3 ka BP and cumulates during the Little Ice Age (c. 1300–1900 AD). Overall, our review points towards a more homogeneous mid-Holocene Thermal Maximum than hitherto reported. However, the still limited data coverage, especially for the Southern Hemisphere, restricts the possibility to draw any firm conclusion regarding the amplitude and spatio-temporal pattern of the maximum mid- Holocene warming.

scholarly journals Continental atmospheric circulation over Europe during the Little Ice Age inferred from grape harvest dates

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 3023-3048 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Yiou ◽  
I. García de Cortázar-Atauri ◽  
I. Chuine ◽  
V. Daux ◽  
E. Garnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Atmospheric Flow ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract. Estimates of climate conditions before the 19th century are based on proxy data reconstructions or sparse meteorological measurements. The reconstruction of the atmospheric circulation that prevailed during the European Little Ice Age (~1500–1850) has fostered many efforts. This study illustrates a methodology combining historical proxies and modern data sets to obtain detailed information on the atmospheric circulation that prevailed over the North Atlantic region during the Little Ice Age. We use reconstructions of temperature gradients over France based on grape harvest dates to infer the atmospheric circulation. We find that blocking situations were more likely in summer, inducing a continental atmospheric flow. This study advocates that the reconstructions of the past atmospheric circulation should take this regime into account.

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