scholarly journals Relation between nutrition and fertility in pigs.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. den Hartog ◽  
G.J.M. van Kempen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
High Energy Intake ◽  
Suitable Sequence

A review of experiments on the effect of energy and protein intake on fertility in gilts suggested that a high energy intake shortly before oestrus (flushing) increased ovulation rate. Although high energy intake gave more ovulations than low energy intake, embryonic mortality was greater. The most suitable sequence during rearing, flushing and early pregnancy seemed to be low, high and low energy, respectively. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Effect of feeding level on milk production of sows during four weeks of lactation.

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
G.J.M. van Kempen ◽  
C. Geerse ◽  
M.W.A. Verstegen ◽  
J. Mesu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
High Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Daily Milk

During 2nd lactation, 12 Dutch Landrace X Norwegian Landrace sows suckling 7-9 piglets were kept in farrowing crates in calorimeters and given a 21.4% protein diet at 2.5 kg (ME about 800 kJ/kg0.75) or 4.8-6 kg (ME about 1500 kJ/kg0.75) daily. The diet was reckoned to supply requirements for milk production at the higher intake but not at the lower intake. Weight loss in days 4-25 of lactation averaged 10 and 28 kg for sows with high and low energy intakes, resp. From day 10 onwards, sows on the low energy intake gave less milk but with higher concn. of total solids, fat and protein than sows on the high intake. Yields of energy and protein were significantly higher in sows on high intakes only after day 15 of lactation. The daily gain of piglets was lower with the low energy intake; daily milk intake by piglets was higher, but energy intake per kg piglet gain was lower, with the high energy intake. Age of piglets had a significant effect on milk needed for gain. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals A study of the protein requirements of the mature breeding ewe

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Robinson ◽  
T. J. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
N Retention

1. An experiment was carried out in which protein utilization in the pregnant ewe was studied using the nitrogen balance technique.2. Eight diets supplying four different intakes of crude protein and two different intakes of energy were each offered to eight individually penned ewes.3. The mean crude protein intakes per day were 7·2, 5·5, 4·1 and 3·0 g/kg W0·73 (where W = body-weight) and the metabolizable energy intakes 134 and 113 kcal/kg W0·73.4. N balances were carried out at 10–12, 14–16 and 18–20 weeks of gestation on five ewes from each treatment.5. The apparent digestibility of both dry matter and crude protein decreased with decreasing protein intake. With the high energy intake, the apparent dry-matter digestibility was increased and the apparent digestibility of crude protein decreased. Stage of gestation had no significant effect on the apparent digestibility of either of these constituents.6. N retention was not affected by the number of foetuses carried. With the higher energy intake and the higher protein intakes, the absolute retention of N was significantly increased at all stages of gestation. N retention increased with advancing pregnancy; the retentions at 10–12, 14–16 and 18–20 weeks of gestation being 0·086, 0·114 and 0·163 g/kg W0·73 per day respectively.7. The efficiency of utilization of apparently digested N was calculated from the regression of retained N as a percentage of apparently digested N against apparently digested N.8. The daily intakes of apparently digested N required for maximum efficiency were 0·551 and 0·620 g/kg W0·73 on the high and low energy intakes respectively. The daily intake for maximum efficiency decreased with advancing pregnancy, the values being 0·623, 0·587 and 0·567 g/kg W0·73 for the 10–12, 14–16 and 18–20 weeks of gestation respectively.9. The levels of N retained at maximum efficiency were 0·235 and 0·202 g/kg W0·73 per day for the high and low energy intakes respectively. The levels of N retained increased during pregnancy from 0·170 g/kg W0·73 per day at 10–12 weeks to 0·286 g/kg W0·73 at 18–20 weeks. The requirements for zero N balance were 0·072 and 0·153 g apparently digested N/kg W0·73 per day for the high and low energy intakes respectively. The requirement for zero N balance decreased from 0·176 g/kg W0·73 per day at 10–12 weeks to 0·071 g/kg W0·73 at 18–20 weeks.10. The results are discussed in relation to other research findings and current recommendations.

scholarly journals Blood Proteomics-Based Detection of Upregulated Lipid Metabolism and Immune Dysfunction in an Elite Adventure Athlete Trekking Across Antarctica

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1760-1760
Author(s):  
David Nieman ◽  
Arnoud Groen ◽  
Artyom Pugachev ◽  
Andrew Simonson ◽  
Kristine Polley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ppi Networks ◽  
High Energy Intake ◽  
Immune System Process ◽  
Go Terms ◽  
Blood Spot

Abstract Objectives Proteomics when combined with psychological, nutrition, and performance measures may serve as a useful monitoring system for immune dysfunction, training distress, and exercise-induced muscle damage and exhaustion in athletes. Global proteomics monitoring of an elite adventure athlete (age 33 years) was conducted over a 28-week period that culminated in the successful, unassisted 2-month trek across Antarctica (1500 km). Methods Training distress was monitored weekly using the 19-item, validated Training Distress Scale (TDS). Weekly dried blood spot (DBS) specimens were collected via fingerprick blood drops onto standard blood spot cards. DBS proteins were measured with nano-electrospray ionization liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS) in data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode, and 712 proteins were identified and quantified. Results The participant experienced a decrease of 11.4 kg in body mass during the Antarctica trek. The 28-week period was divided into time segments based on TDS scores, and a contrast analysis between weeks 5–8 (low TDS) and weeks 20–23 (high TDS, last month of Antarctica trek) showed that 31 proteins (n = 20 immune related, n = 14 nutrition related with n = 8 in dual roles) were upregulated and 35 (n = 17 immune related) were downregulated. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and gene ontology (GO) biological process analysis supported an increase in plasma lipoprotein particle remodeling, regulation of lipid transport, retinoid metabolic process, and vitamin transport due to high energy intake (7048 kcal/d). PPI networks also supported a dichotomous immune response. GO terms for the upregulated immune proteins showed an increase in regulation of the immune system process, especially inflammation, complement activation, and leukocyte mediated immunity. GO terms for the downregulated immune-related proteins indicated a decrease in several aspects of the overall immune system process including neutrophil degranulation and the antimicrobial humoral response. Conclusions These proteomics data support a dysfunctional immune response in an elite adventure athlete during a sustained period of mental and physical distress, high energy intake, and significant loss of body mass while trekking solo across Antarctica. Funding Sources Standard Process, Inc., Palmyra, WI.

IDENTIFICATION OF OVARIAN FOLLICLES AT ESTRUS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR ENSUING CORPORA LUTEA IN SINGLE AND MULTIPLE OVULATING EWES ON TWO FEEDING REGIMES

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. DUFOUR ◽  
P. MATTON
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
The Third ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Feeding Regimes

Twelve hours after standing estrus was first detected, 30 ewes had their four largest follicles identified and marked with India ink. Seven days later, ovulation rates and origin of the corpora lutea (CL) from previously marked follicles were determined. Feeding a high energy ration from day 10 to estrus did not change the ovulation rate as compared to feeding a low energy ration. Its only effect was to increase the diameter of the third and fourth largest follicles. The diameter of the largest follicle was identical in single and multiple ovulators. However, in multiple ovulators, the diameter of the second largest follicle was larger than in single ovulators. The largest follicle identified at estrus developed into a CL that was 15% heavier in single than in multiple ovulators. In multiple ovulators, the second largest follicle developed into a CL of weight similar to that from the largest follicle.

Short Stature Is Associated With Overweight but Not With High Energy Intake in Low-Income Quilombola Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroldo da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Andreza A. Luna ◽  
Telma Maria M. T. Florêncio ◽  
Monica L. Assunção ◽  
Bernardo L. Horta
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Thrifty Phenotype ◽  
High Energy Intake

Background: Population exposed to chronic undernutrition in early life seems to be more susceptible to obesity in adulthood due to the development of mechanisms that improve the efficiency of energy use. Therefore, these individuals have relatively reduced energy requirements (thrifty phenotype). Objective: To investigate, among women living on severe socioeconomic vulnerability, whether short stature, a marker for undernutrition in early life, is associated with excess body weight but not with a high energy intake. Methods: This cross-sectional study, carried out between July and November 2008, evaluated 1308 women from all (N = 39) Quilombola communities of Alagoas. Adequacy of energy intake was estimated by the ratio between energetic ingestion and the estimated energy requirement (EER). Results: The prevalence of short stature (≤ 154.8 cm) was 43.0% and 52.4% had excess body weight (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2), being that 33.1% were overweight and 19.3% obese. Excess body weight was higher among women with short stature (56.6% vs 49.2%; P = .008), even after adjusting for age, energy intake, and per capita income (prevalence ratio = 1.16; 95% confidence interval = 1.04; 1.28). The ratio of energy intake/EER was independent of women’s stature. Conclusion: Excess body weight among Quilombola women represents a serious health problem. Short stature was significantly associated with excess body weight but not with a high energy intake. “Thrifty phenotype” may be one of the plausible explanations for this finding.

Thyroid hormone status and nutrient intake in the free-living elderly. Interest of reverse triiodothyronine assessment

1994 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Goichot ◽  
JL Schlienger ◽  
F Grunenberger ◽  
A Pradignac ◽  
R Sapin
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Reverse Triiodothyronine ◽  
Hormone Status

Goichot B, Schlienger JL, Grunenberger F, Pradignac A, Sapin R. Thyroid hormone status and nutrient intake in the free-living elderly. Interest of reverse triiodothyronine assessment. Eur J Endocrinol 1994; 130:244–52. ISSN 0804–4643 Fasting or hypocaloric diets are established methods of inducing low triiodothyronine (T3) levels that resemble the sick euthyroid syndrome in adults, but little is known on the mechanisms of this syndrome in the elderly. Decreasing T3 does not seem to be an unavoidable consequence of ageing, but the role of illness or other factors in this decline remains unclear. The aim of this work was to study the influence of nutritional factors on thyroid hormone levels in free-living elderly subjects. A 3-day dietary survey was conducted in 440 randomized subjects aged between 65 and 96. Cholesterol, apoproteins, prealbumin, hemoglobin, thyrotropin-free thyroxine (FT4), FT3 and reverse T3 (rT3) were assayed in each subject. Only 11 subjects had low FT3 levels, and they also had low levels of cholesterol, prealbumin and hemoglobin and a lower Folstein score compared to the rest of the population. Twenty-one subjects had isolated elevated rT3 levels, they were older and had significantly lower energy and fat intakes than the rest of the population. There was a clear reduction in FT3 levels and an increase in rT3 levels with age, although in the normal ranges, which occurred despite maintenance of a high-energy intake even in the oldest group. The FT3 level was lower in the subjects with poor health status, whereas high rT3 levels were associated with low energy intake in men. Stepwise regression showed that hemoglobin, age and prealbumin were the best predictors of FT3 levels, whereas age and energy intake were the main predictors of rT3 levels. Our results confirm the low prevalence of the low T3 syndrome in healthy elderly persons, and demonstrate the existence of another group of elderly subjects with isolated elevated rT3 levels. Whereas a low FT3 level seems to be associated with illness, rT3 is clearly associated with a low energy intake. Other studies are necessary to appreciate the specificity of this association and the usefulness of rT3 as an indication of nutrient intake. JL Schlienger, Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Hautepierre, avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg Cedex, France

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document