scholarly journals Response of a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stand to application of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and lime. 3. Foliar nutrient concentrations and stand development

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-307
Author(s):  
G. Arnold ◽  
A. Van Diest
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
Individual Trees

In 1985-88, a 25-yr-old Scots pine forest in Netherlands was limed and fertilized with P, K and Mg in a factoral design. This paper addresses effects of these treatments on foliar nutrient concentrations and tree growth. Stem volume increments of individual trees were measured. Average annual volume growth was estimated to be about 16 msuperscript 3/ha, which may be a slight underestimation. P and K showed increased foliar concentrations immediately after treatment and were the only elements that significantly increased volume growth in 1988-91. Additional annual volume growth of individual trees brought about by P and K corresponded with 0.9 and 2.2 msuperscript 3/ha, respectively. Foliar Mg and Ca increased later and insignificantly reduced and increased volume growth, respectively. Lime and Mg applications tended to lower foliar N. When absolute foliar concentrations and element ratios were compared to Dutch and German standards, it appeared that application of some of these standards in present research would not always have given a fully correct prediction of growth responses to nutrient additions.

Ten-year growth response to fertilizers by semimature black spruce and spruce-poplar mixedwoods near Kapuskasing, Ontario

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations

Five- and 10-year mean DBH, BA and volume growth responses to N, P and K fertilizer combinations are reported for three field trials in semimature black spruce and spruce-poplar mixedwoods in the clay belt of northern Ontario. Responses, though present, were generally nonsignificant. Modest responses to N, improved somewhat by the addition of K, but not P, were noted in a pure black spruce stand on an upland site. On a lowland site, however, no response by pure black spruce to either N or K, and only a small, nonsignificant response to P, were noted. In an upland mixedwood stand containing mainly black spruce and balsam poplar, responses were variable. In comparison with jack pine in northern Ontario, black spruce has responded poorly to mineral fertilizers. Results are discussed in relation to foliar nutrient concentrations and are compared with results from other fertilizer trials in the eastern boreal forest.

Effect of thinning on the foliar nutrient status of Scots pine stands on drained boreal peatlands

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1577-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannu Hökkä ◽  
Timo Penttilä ◽  
Björn Hånell
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Needle Size ◽  
Boreal Peatlands ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Individual Trees

Foliar responses to thinning in midrotation stands of Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) were studied in six thinning experiments (0–50% of basal area removed) established on drained peatlands in northern Finland and southern Sweden. The trophic level of the sites varied from ombrotrophic to meso-eutrophic. Needle sampling and analyses were carried out on individual trees of dominant and suppressed canopy layers. The variation in the needle dry mass and in the element concentrations and contents, calculated as plot means, was explained by thinning treatment, blocking by site groups and randoming blocking within the site. Thinning increased foliar concentrations of P, needle size, and contents of N, P, and K in all the canopy layers. It was concluded that thinning improved the foliar nutrient status by reducing the competition for nutrients.

Growth and foliar nutrient concentrations of Pacific silver fir

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1429-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Radwan ◽  
M. D. Murray ◽  
J. M. Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Site Index ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Natural Stands

Nineteen natural stands of Pacific silver fir (Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forbes) were assessed for selected site and tree characteristics. The stands, located throughout western Washington, were 26 to 37 years old; they occurred at various elevations (110–1300 m) and on different soil types, and varied greatly in associated plant species. Site index at 50 years breast-high age ranged from 12 to 24 m. Terminal growth per year during the previous 3 years, needle number per centimetre of twig tissue, needle weight and area, and foliar concentrations of 13 elements varied among the 19 stands. Compared with associated western conifers, silver fir had moderate terminal growth, larger and heavier needles, more needles per centimetre of twig tissue, and lower foliar concentrations of N, S, and Mg. There were many significant correlations among the different variables. The foliar nutrient data obtained provide base-line information for future research in nutrition and fertilization of silver fir. These data and the significant correlations between nutrients and site-stand characteristics suggest that (i) silver fir may be more efficient than some western conifers in use of some nutrients, (ii) productivity of silver fir may be improved by application of certain fertilizers; fertilization may be particularly effective during the seedling stage when growth is typically slow, and (iii) levels of some foliar nutrients may be useful as indicators of site quality for silver fir production.

scholarly journals Effects of Phosphorus on Morphology and Foliar Nutrient Concentrations of Hydroponically Grown Scaevola aemula R. Br. ‘Whirlwind Blue’

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 902-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie E. Burnett ◽  
Donglin Zhang ◽  
Lois B. Stack ◽  
Zhongqi He
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

In commercial greenhouses, fan flower ‘Whirlwind Blue’ (Scaevola aemula R. Br.) plants are sensitive to phosphorus applications in the range typically applied to other floricultural crops. To quantify this response, fan flower plants were grown in Hoagland solutions containing 0, 20, 40, 60, or 80 mg·L−1 P. Plants fertilized with either the highest (80 mg·L−1) or lowest (0 mg·L−1) P concentrations had significantly shorter stems and smaller shoot dry weights and leaf areas than plants fertilized with 20 to 60 mg·L−1 P. Low or high P concentrations negatively impacted flower number; fan flower fertilized with 0, 60, or 80 mg·L−1 P had fewer flowering branches and flowers compared with plants fertilized with 20 to 40 mg·L−1 P. Plants receiving no P had longer roots than those receiving any P and had greater root dry weights than plants receiving all other P concentrations except 20 mg·L−1. Foliar nutrient analysis indicated that although P treatments significantly impacted foliar concentrations of at least some essential macro- and micronutrients, all essential elements were within or near recommended ranges except P. Foliar P concentrations exceeded 1 mg·g−1 in fan flower that received even the lowest concentration of supplemental P, but leaf chlorosis was only observed in plants grown in 60 to 80 mg·L−1 P. As a result of rapid accumulation of P in fan flower foliage and subsequent reductions in flower number and shoot elongation, fan flower should be fertilized with no more than 20 mg·L−1 P.

Wood ash as a fertilizer on drained mires — growth and foliar nutrients of Scots pine

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2734-2742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko Moilanen ◽  
Klaus Silfverberg ◽  
Hannu Hökkä ◽  
Jorma Issakainen
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Foliar Nutrients ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Anova Model ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
High Doses

The availability of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) commonly limits tree growth on drained peatlands. The nutritional status and volume growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) after varying doses of wood ash fertilization were investigated in seven field experiments located on deep-peated sites in Finland between latitudes 63°N and 67°N. Needle samples were taken 14–20 years after fertilization and trees measured 15 years after fertilization. Annual growth rates and differences in foliar nutrients were analyzed with a two-way ANOVA model. A regression model was used in the analysis of periodic relative volume growth. High doses of wood ash (100–265 kg P·ha–1, 225–450 kg K·ha–1) resulted in greater changes in foliar nutrient concentrations and in a stronger growth response than low doses (5–50 kg P·ha–1, 14–210 kg K·ha–1). Significant increases in needle mass and concentrations of P, K, and B were observed in the ash-fertilized stands, with a good status for these elements 20 years after fertilization. Depending on the ash dose, the mean annual volume growth was 0.5–1.4 m3·ha–1 higher than in the control plots during the 15 year postfertilization period.

Effects of Thinning and Fertilization on Foliar Nutrient Concentrations of Sugar Maple

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Stone ◽  
D. R. Christenson
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Foliar Nutrients ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Dilution Effects

Effects of thinning and fertilization on growth and foliar nutrients were studied in pole-size sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.). Thinning plus fertilization resulted in significantly lower concentrations of foliar N, P, K, Mg, Cu, Zn, B, and Al in the first growing season, and of Mg, Cu, Zn, and Al in the 2nd year. Foliar nutrients in released, but nonfertilized, trees exhibited similar trends. The decreased foliar nutrient concentrations are attributed to dilution effects as a result of increased growth.Fertilization with N, P, and K significantly increased foliar concentrations of those nutrients but did not stimulate radial growth. Thinning resulted in highly significant increase in diameter growth both years.

Variation in red pine (Pinusresinosa) foliar nutrient concentrations as influenced by sampling procedure

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237
Author(s):  
Edwin H. White ◽  
Eric J. Jokela
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Glacial Outwash ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations

Paired foliar samples were collected by shooting with a shotgun versus climbing and clipping near terminal foliage from twentythree 40-year-old Pinusresinosa Ait. trees located on a glacial outwash loamy sand. Samples were analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations. Regression analyses indicated that the foliar nutrient concentrations of the "shot" samples, which came from the lower crown, would be poor predictors for the foliar nutrient concentrations of the "cut' samples. Paired t-tests indicated that the shot samples consistently and significantly resulted in lower estimates of foliar concentrations of N, P, and K than did the cut samples. Shot samples were significantly higher in Ca concentrations than cut samples. The results indicate that caution is advised in the use of sampling techniques that do not result in foliar samples being collected from proven diagnostic, standardized near-terminal crown positions.

scholarly journals Response of a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stand to application of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and lime. 1. Soil data

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-265
Author(s):  
G. Arnold ◽  
A. Van Diest
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Transient Effects ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Scots Pine Forest

In 1985-1988, a 25-yr-old Scots pine forest in Netherlands was limed and fertilized with P, K and Mg in a 24 factorial design and in an experiment with 5 liming levels, in order to alleviate potential nutrient deficiencies as a result of high N depositions (ca. 40 kg ha-1 yr-1). In this paper, effects of fertilization and liming on nutrients in forest floor and mineral soil are discussed as a basis for explanation of foliar nutrient concentrations and tree performance. Of all treatments, liming showed the widest array of effects, especially in forest floor: raised pH and lowered extractable Al in forest floor, and after 4 yr those in 0-50 cm mineral soil. These effects, except for that on forest floor pH, were stronger with increasing lime dosages. Liming showed transient effects on amounts of soil inorganic N (Ni). Until 1989, Ni in forest floor was lowered and that in mineral soil was raised by liming. This could be attributed to the formation of NO3, which is more mobile than NH4. Plots limed with 3 t lime/ha appeared to have higher Ni concentrations in the whole sampled profile than those limed with >3 t/ha or unlimed plots, the reason for which is unclear. Liming removed extractable K and Mg from forest floor probably by exchange against Ca. Residence time of added P and possibly Mg in forest floor was increased by liming, probably by solubility of added fertilizers. Added K was poorly retained in forest floor and probably quickly leached to soil layers deeper than 50 cm.

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