Environmental Temperature and Relative Humidity, two Key Factors in Maize Technology Affecting Ochratoxin a Production and Growth of Ochratoxigenic Species

2018 ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M. Mateo ◽  
◽  
José V. Gómez ◽  
David Romera ◽  
Andrea Tarazona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Key Factors

scholarly journals Effect of relative humidity on biodeterioration of poultry feed and ochratoxin A production by Penicillium species

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Koteswara Rao ◽  
B. Aruna ◽  
Md. Rafiyuddin ◽  
K. Narasimha Rao ◽  
S. Girisham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Penicillium Species

scholarly journals A Study on Suitable Habitat for Swiftlet Farming

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ibrahim S. H. ◽  
Teo W.C. ◽  
Baharun A.
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
New Industry ◽  
Temperature Surface

Swiftlet farming is a new industry in Sarawak as compared to other long-standing industries such as rubber, palm oil and timber. It is one of the businesses that involved a small capital investment that could generate enormous returns in the future. Swiftlet farming involves the conversion of human-centric building into structures for Swiftlet. The purpose of this conversion is to let Swiftlet for nesting and protect them. The design and construction of such building will also helps to accommodate Swiftlets' population. The nest of the Edible-nest Swiftlet rank amongst the world's most expensive animal products. Therefore, in order to increase the productivity of bird nest, study of the suitable habitat for Swiftlet should be done thoroughly. Environmental factors such as air temperature, surface temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and light intensity are the key factors for a successful Swiftlet farm house. Internal air temperature of building should be maintained from 26°C to 35°C, relative humidity from 80% to 90%, low air velocity and light intensity less than 5 LUX. Proper ventilation and installation of a humidifier could help the building to achieve the desirable range of environment factors. Location of structure will also be considered from direct sunlight direction to reduce the internal temperature. Only licensed Swiftlet farming is legal.

scholarly journals The effect of some seasonal conditions on oestrus occurrence in cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-465
Author(s):  
B. Bülbül ◽  
M. B. Ataman
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Annual Distribution

Abstract. In this study, the effect of climatic conditions on oestrus occurrence was investigated by using 9 972 oestrus records of cows recorded between 1995 and 2003. A distinct seasonal variation in the oestrus occurrence was determined. Oestrus occurrence observed in January, March, November and December was less than that in June and September (P<0.05). Annual distribution of the oestrus occurrence was positively correlated with environment temperature and insulation duration, but it was negatively correlated with rainfall (P<0.01). However, there was no relationship between oestrus occurrence and relative humidity. In addition to these, there was a slight decrease in the oestrus response when the temperature-humidity index (THI) was above 72; nevertheless, this decrease was not significant (P >0.05). The data presented in this study demonstrated that the increase in the environmental temperature up to 23 °C did not cause a suppressive effect on the ovarian activity. In conclusion, annual distribution of the oestrus occurrence is positively correlated with environment temperature and insulation duration whereas it is negatively correlated with rainfall in Holstein cows, in this study.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Fungi and Fungal Toxins in Fish Feed during Storage

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Constanze Pietsch ◽  
Georg Müller ◽  
Sulayman Mourabit ◽  
Simon Carnal ◽  
Kasun Bandara
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Fungal Toxins ◽  
Fish Feeds

Periods of unfavorable storing conditions can lead to changes in the quality of fish feeds, as well as the development of relevant mycotoxins. In the present study, a commercial fish feed was stored under defined conditions for four weeks. The main findings indicate that even storing fish feeds under unsuitable conditions for a short duration leads to a deterioration in quality. Mycotoxin and fungal contamination were subsequently analyzed. These investigations confirmed that different storage conditions can influence the presence of fungi and mycotoxins on fish feed. Notably, ochratoxin A (OTA) was found in samples after warm (25 °C) and humid (>60% relative humidity) treatment. This confirms the importance of this compound as a typical contaminant of fish feed and reveals how fast this mycotoxin can be formed in fish feed during storage.

scholarly journals The Adhesion of Ice Spheres in Electric Fields

1967 ◽  
Vol 6 (46) ◽  
pp. 505-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Latham ◽  
C. P. R. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Electrostatic Forces ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Crystal Aggregation

AbstractThe forceFrequired to separate two ice spheres was measured as a function of environmental temperatureT, relative humidityHand the strengthEof the external electric field in which the spheres were situated. It was found that over the entire attainable range ofTandH,Fincreased rapidly with increasingE. The increased adhesion was not accompanied by an increase in the rate of growth of the ice bridge between the two spheres and is explicable in terms of Davis’s (1964) calculations of the purely electrostatic forces between two spheres situated in an electric field. The experiments indicate that the rate of growth of snowflakes in a cloud by means of ice crystal aggregation will be markedly enhanced if the cloud is highly electrified.

Comparison of auricular and rectal temperature measurement in normothermic, hypothermic, and hyperthermic dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (01) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Kruse ◽  
R. Müller ◽  
C. Stockhaus ◽  
K. Hartmann ◽  
A. Wehner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Large Case Series ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Large Case

Summary Objective: Measurement of rectal temperature is the most common method and considered gold standard for obtaining body temperature in dogs. So far, no study has been performed comparing agreement between rectal and auricular measurements in a large case series. The purpose of the study was to assess agreement between rectal and auricular temperature measurement in normothermic, hypothermic, and hyperthermic dogs with consideration of different environmental conditions and ear conformations. Materials and methods: Reference values for both methods were established using 62 healthy dogs. Three hundred dogs with various diseases (220 normothermic, 32 hypothermic, 48 hyperthermic) were enrolled in this prospective study. Rectal temperature was compared to auricular temperature and differences in agreement with regard to environmental temperature, relative humidity, and different ear conformations (pendulous versus prick ears) were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis. Results: Correlation between rectal and auricular temperature was significant (r: 0.892; p < 0.01). However, Bland-Altman plots showed an inacceptable variation of values (bias: 0.300 °C; limits of agreement: –0.606 to 1.206 °C). This variation was above a maximal clinical tolerance of 0.3 °C, which was established by experts’ opinion (n = 16). Relative humidity had a significant influence (p = 0.001), whereas environmental temperature did not. Conclusion: Variation between the two methods of measuring body temperature was clinically unacceptable. Clinical relevance: Although measurement of auricular temperature is fast, simple, and well tolerated, this method provides a clinically unacceptable difference to the rectal measurement.

Penicillium Populations in Dry-Cured Ham Manufacturing Plants

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAOLA BATTILANI ◽  
AMEDEO PIETRI ◽  
PAOLA GIORNI ◽  
SILVIA FORMENTI ◽  
TERENZIO BERTUZZI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Surface Contamination ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Dry Cured Ham ◽  
Penicillium Nordicum

Seven ham manufacturing plants were sampled for 1 year to assess the mycoflora present in the air and on hams, with special attention given to potential mycotoxin producers. Temperature and relative humidity were recorded in the ripening rooms. Maturing rooms held hams from 2 to 3 through 6 to 7 ripening months, and aging rooms held hams for the following 6 to 7 months, until the 14-month ripening point, when they were ready for the market. Mean temperatures and relative humidities registered during the study were 14.9°C and 62.4%, respectively, in maturing rooms and 16.3°C and 57.6% in aging rooms. Aspergilli and penicillia, potential mycotoxin producers, were isolated in all the plants from the air and the ham. Aspergilli represented 5% of the isolates, while penicillia were largely dominant, with Penicillium nalgiovense being the most represented species (around 60% of the penicillia), followed by Penicillium nordicum, with 10 and 26% of the penicillia isolated, respectively, from the air or the ham. Ochratoxin A production ability, checked in vitro at 25°C, was observed in 50% of the P. nordicum isolates obtained both from the air and the ham. Air and ham surface contamination by penicillia was greater in the ripening rooms, where higher temperatures were registered. A certain correlation was also observed between air and ham surface contamination. On the basis of this study, P. nordicum, the ochratoxin A producer that is notable on proteinaceous substrates, is normally present in ham manufacturing plants in Italy, even though not a dominant species. Further studies are necessary to clarify and ensure if dry-curing conditions minimize the potential risk of ochratoxin A formation in the product.

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