scholarly journals A comparative study of effect of phenytoin, topiramate, and zonisamide in learning and memory of albino rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1297
Author(s):  
Bhulan Prasad Loc ◽  
Kishor Chakraborty ◽  
Vineet Kumar ◽  
Manju Gari
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Retention Behavior ◽  
Learning Behavior ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
Neurologic Diseases ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

Background: Epilepsy is one of the non-communicable neurologic diseases leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Complaints of impaired learning and memory are common in patients of epilepsy. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may further enhance this impairment. So, the present study was carried out on albino rats to evaluate the effect of AEDs on learning and memory.Methods: Albino rats of about 150 -200 gm of either sex were treated with drugs for 15 days and assessed for effect on learning behavior and again treated for next 15 days after which they were assessed for retention behavior on Morris water maze and Elevated plus maze. The data was statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD.Results: Phenytoin and topiramate causes significant delay in learning and memory whereas zonisamide doesn’t causes significant delay in learning and memory.Conclusions: Impairment in learning and memory occurs in treatment with phenytoin and topiramate but not with zonisamide in low therapeutic doses.

scholarly journals Effect of Aegle marmelos methanolic extracts of leaf and fruit pulp on learning and memory in albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Pojala Kumar ◽  
Krishnakanth K. ◽  
Jagadeesh Alla
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: The objective was to study the effect of Aegle marmelos methanolic extracts of leaf (LE) and fruit pulp extract (FE) on learning and memory in albino rats. 40 healthy wistar albino rats of either sex were randomly divided into 10 groups of 4 each (n=4), weighing about 150 to 200 gm were selected for the study. The extracts i.e. 1ml of 1% carboxy methyl cellulose, LE and FE at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg were administered per oral one hour before the experiment.Methods: Learning and memory was assessed by elevated plus maze and Hebb William maze. Latency time and number of entries were assessed by elevated plus maze whereas only latency was assessed by Hebb William maze.Results: Plant extracts of LE and FE at doses 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg have shown significant percentage reduction in latency time in elevated plus maze and Hebb William maze (p<0.05) and reduction in the number of entries in elevated plus maze.Conclusions: LE and FE at doses 200 mg/kg have shown significant effect on learning and memory.

scholarly journals Memory-Enhancing Activity of Palmatine in Mice Using Elevated Plus Maze and Morris Water Maze

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Dhingra ◽  
Varun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Improved Learning ◽  
Memory Enhancing ◽  
Brain Acetylcholinesterase

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of palmatine on memory of Swiss young male albino mice. Palmatine (0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/kg,i.p.) and physostigmine (0.1 mg/kg,i.p.) per se were administered for 10 successive days to separate groups of mice. Effect of drugs on learning and memory of mice was evaluated using elevated plus maze and Morris water maze. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity was also estimated. Effect of palmatine on scopolamine- and diazepam-induced amnesia was also investigated. Palmatine (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) and physostigmine significantly improved learning and memory of mice, as indicated by decrease in transfer latency using elevated plus maze, and decrease in escape latency during training and increase in time spent in target quadrant during retrieval using Morris water maze. The drugs did not show any significant effect on locomotor activity of the mice. Memory-enhancing activity of palmatine (1 mg/kg) was comparable to physostigmine. Palmatine (1 mg/kg) significantly reversed scopolamine- and diazepam-induced amnesia in mice. Palmatine and physostigmine also significantly reduced brain acetylcholinesterase activity of mice. Thus, palmatine showed memory-enhancing activity in mice probably by inhibiting brain acetylcholinesterase activity, through involvement of GABA-benzodiazepine pathway, and due to its antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of learning and memory effect of atorvastatin and simvastatin in alprazolam induced amnesia in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1900
Author(s):  
Shashikala G. ◽  
Jyothi C. H. ◽  
Shashikala G. H.
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Effect ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Evaluation Of Learning ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Background: The study was undertaken to evaluate the learning and memory effect of lipid lowering drugs atorvastatin and simvastatin in alprazolam induced amnesic mice.Methods: The study was carried out on albino mice, divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each (either sex, 3-4 months of age, weight 25-30g). Amnesia was induced by administering Alprazolam (2mg/kg for 14 days) in all 4 groups from 1st to 14th day. In addition, group 2, 3 and 4 received Piracetam (400mg/kg), Atorvastatin (5mg/kg) and Simvastatin (5mg/kg) from 8th to 14th day respectively. The learning and memory of the animals was assessed by employing Elevated plus maze (EPM) and Step-down type passive avoidance (SDA) model.Results: Results were compared among the different groups using one way-ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s test. The measured parameters were compared with standard drug Piracetam. In EPM model Atorvastatin (p<0.049) and Simvastatin (p<0.007) were comparable with standard drug Piracetam, whereas in SDA model only simvastatin group (p<0.001) showed significant result.Conclusions: In EPM model, both the statins showed significant improvement in learning and memory in alprazolam induced amnesic mice. However further studies are required to support these observations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of learning and memory using an elevated-plus maze in mice.

1994 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Shuichi Miyazaki ◽  
Masahiro Imaizumi ◽  
Haruhiko Machida
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Evaluation Of Learning

Potentials of Mangifera indica in the treatment of depressive-anxiety disorders: possible mechanisms of action

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail O. Ishola ◽  
Olufunsho Awodele ◽  
Chinedum O. Eluogu
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

Abstract:: HeMI (12.5–100 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered 1 h before subjecting the animal to the forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and elevated plus maze tests (EPM).: HeMI (12.5–100 mg/kg, p.o.) treatment produced significant reduction in immobility time [F(6.56)=8.35, p<0.001], [F(6,56)=7.55, p<0.001] in the FST and TST, respectively. Moreover, co-administration of sub-therapeutic doses of imipramine or fluoxetine with HeMI (3.125 mg/kg) elicited significant reduction in time spent immobile in the FST. However, pretreatment of mice with parachlorophenylalanine, metergoline, yohimbine or sulpiride abolished the antidepressant-like effect elicited by HeMI. In the EPM, HeMI produced significant [F(5,42)=8.91, p<0.001] increase in open arms exploration by 75.55 % and this effect was blocked by pretreatment of mice with flumazenil or metergoline.: Findings from this study showed antidepressant-like effect of

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Effect of Green Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Convolvulus Pluricaulis Plant in The Management of Alzheimer’s Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Pravallika Poka ◽  
Krishna Mohan G. ◽  
Venkateswara Rao K. ◽  
Shanker K.
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Convolvulus Pluricaulis

To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extract of whole plant of Convolvulus pluricaulis (CPIO) in scopolamine induced amnesia model. CPIO were orally tested at the dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg for neuroprotective effect in scopolamine induced amnesia mice. In addition, neurobehavioral studies were carried out using elevated plus maze, Morris water maze to evaluate learning and memory in mice in normal and scopolamine induced amnesia mice. CPIO 400 mg/kg showed a significant improvement in learning and memory in the normal and scopolamine induced amnesia mice in exteroceptive models. Significant differences were observed in lipid peroxidation, catalase and acetylcholinesterase by 400 mg/kg of CPIO treated amnesic animals, when compared with untreated and scopolamine group animals. The highest dose of CPIO exhibited significant neuroprotective effect in normal and scopolamine induced amnesia mice. They also showed significant improvement in learning and memory in exteroceptive and interoceptive models and so might be of value in Alzheimer’s treatment.

scholarly journals Memory Enhancing Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Delonix regia Leaves against Scopolamine induced Amnesia in Swiss Albino Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwathi Ravichandar ◽  
K.A.S. Mohammed Shafeeq ◽  
S. Karpagam Kumara Sundari ◽  
R. Senthamarai
Keyword(s):  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Delonix Regia ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Memory Enhancing

In traditional system of medicine, various parts of Delonix regia have been used for many ailments. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the memory enhancing activity of Ethanolic Extract of Delonix regia leaves (EEDRL) against scopolamine induced amnesia by using Elevated Plus Maze, Y Maze and Morris Water Maze Models. Ethanolic Extract of Delonix regia was prepared then subjected to phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, phenols and saponins. Acute oral toxicity was performed as per OECD guidelines 423. Based on this, two dose levels of EEDRL were chosen as 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg for pharmacological screening. Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups of six animals each. EEDRL at a dose levels 200 mg/kg & 400 mg/kg showed increase in inflexion ratio in Elevated Plus Maze, increase in Percentage alterations in Y Maze & decrease in Escape latency in Morris Water Maze Model compared to disease control in dose dependent manner which indicates that the EEDRL reverses the scopolamine induced amnesia in mice. The memory enhancing activity in mice might be due to facilitation of cholinergic transmission. Hence it can be concluded that Delonix regia appears to be a promising candidate for improving memory, and it would be worthwhile to explore the potential of this plant in the management of Alzheimer patient.

scholarly journals The ApoE-dependent Neuroprotective Effects of Sesamol on Diet-induced Obese Mice: The Role of Gut Microbiota and SCFAs (P06-049-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Yuan ◽  
Zhigang Liu ◽  
Xuebo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Synapse Ultrastructure

Abstract Objectives Sesamol, an antioxidant lignan from sesame oil, possesses lipid lowering and neuroprotective bioactivities. Considering the distribution of sesamol in gut is much higher than brain after administration, the present work was aimed to elucidate the systemic protective effects of sesamol on dietary-induced cognitive deficits, and to determine the possible link between gut and brain. Methods Both wildtype and ApoE-/- mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) and treated with sesamol (0.05%, w/v) in drinking water for 10 weeks. The cognitive and anxiety behavioral assessment were evaluated by Morris-water maze, Y-maze, and elevated plus maze tests. The synapse ultrastructure was also detected by transmission electron microscope. Moreover, the alteration of gut microbiome and microbial metabolites short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were also determined by 16S rDNA sequencing and GC, respectively. Results Sesamol prevented HFD-induced bodyweight gain, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia. However, the behavioral tests including Morris-water maze, Y-maze, and elevated plus maze tests indicated that sesamol could only improve cognitive deficits and anxiety behaviors in wildtype but not ApoE deficient mice. Consistently, sesamol improved synapse ultrastructure and inhibited brain Aβ accumulation in brain in an ApoE-dependent manner. Moreover, sesamol prevented HFD-induced gut barrier damages and systemic inflammation. Sesamol also re-shaped gut microbiome and consequently improved the generation of microbial metabolites short chain fatty acids including acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Conclusions To summarized, this study revealed that the possible mechanism of neuroprotective effects of sesamol might be ApoE-dependent, and the beneficial effects of sesamol on gut microbiota/metabolites could be translated into metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases treatment. Funding Sources This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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