scholarly journals Evaluation of learning and memory effect of atorvastatin and simvastatin in alprazolam induced amnesia in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1900
Author(s):  
Shashikala G. ◽  
Jyothi C. H. ◽  
Shashikala G. H.
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Effect ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Evaluation Of Learning ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Background: The study was undertaken to evaluate the learning and memory effect of lipid lowering drugs atorvastatin and simvastatin in alprazolam induced amnesic mice.Methods: The study was carried out on albino mice, divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each (either sex, 3-4 months of age, weight 25-30g). Amnesia was induced by administering Alprazolam (2mg/kg for 14 days) in all 4 groups from 1st to 14th day. In addition, group 2, 3 and 4 received Piracetam (400mg/kg), Atorvastatin (5mg/kg) and Simvastatin (5mg/kg) from 8th to 14th day respectively. The learning and memory of the animals was assessed by employing Elevated plus maze (EPM) and Step-down type passive avoidance (SDA) model.Results: Results were compared among the different groups using one way-ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s test. The measured parameters were compared with standard drug Piracetam. In EPM model Atorvastatin (p<0.049) and Simvastatin (p<0.007) were comparable with standard drug Piracetam, whereas in SDA model only simvastatin group (p<0.001) showed significant result.Conclusions: In EPM model, both the statins showed significant improvement in learning and memory in alprazolam induced amnesic mice. However further studies are required to support these observations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of learning and memory using an elevated-plus maze in mice.

1994 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Shuichi Miyazaki ◽  
Masahiro Imaizumi ◽  
Haruhiko Machida
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Evaluation Of Learning

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF LEARNING AND MEMORY IN RATS THROUGH ELEVATED PLUS MAZE MODEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manju Gari ◽  
Manisha Varshney
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Pharmacological Study ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Evaluation Of Learning ◽  
Present Understanding

The understanding of dementia has evolved over 2500 years, from a vague notion of unavoidable age-related memory loss, to a present understanding of its characteristic clinical and pathologic features. Alzheimer disease (AD) symptoms include decline in cognitive function and it is most common form of dementia. In this pharmacological study two drugs Metformin and Bacopa monnieri have been tested to evaluate their efficacy in treatment of AD using Elevated Plus Maze model by evaluating effect of these drugs on learning and memory in rats. The results shown during experiments are promising by both these drugs in improvement of learning and memory in rats, and therefore could be the potential therapy in treatment of AD as well.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Effect of Green Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Convolvulus Pluricaulis Plant in The Management of Alzheimer’s Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Pravallika Poka ◽  
Krishna Mohan G. ◽  
Venkateswara Rao K. ◽  
Shanker K.
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Convolvulus Pluricaulis

To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extract of whole plant of Convolvulus pluricaulis (CPIO) in scopolamine induced amnesia model. CPIO were orally tested at the dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg for neuroprotective effect in scopolamine induced amnesia mice. In addition, neurobehavioral studies were carried out using elevated plus maze, Morris water maze to evaluate learning and memory in mice in normal and scopolamine induced amnesia mice. CPIO 400 mg/kg showed a significant improvement in learning and memory in the normal and scopolamine induced amnesia mice in exteroceptive models. Significant differences were observed in lipid peroxidation, catalase and acetylcholinesterase by 400 mg/kg of CPIO treated amnesic animals, when compared with untreated and scopolamine group animals. The highest dose of CPIO exhibited significant neuroprotective effect in normal and scopolamine induced amnesia mice. They also showed significant improvement in learning and memory in exteroceptive and interoceptive models and so might be of value in Alzheimer’s treatment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antianxiety effect of cinnamaldehyde in swiss albino mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Ritesh Churihar ◽  
Sapna A. More ◽  
Pooja S. Mishra ◽  
Savita Vyas ◽  
Hemant Tanwani
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Anxiolytic Activity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Group I ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Per Se

Background: Cinnamon is one of the best known spices used as an herbal medicine. Cinnamaldehyde (CNM) the volatile oil, which was present in the essential oil of the bark, is the important constituents of cinnamon. Cinnamon has been investigated for its various effects like peptic ulcer protection, antioxidant property, inhibition of tau aggregation, anti-inflammatory activity, effect on cardiovascular system, anti-nociceptive activity, hepato-protective effects, hypolipidemic and antidiabetic activites. The present study was aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of CNM per se and its interaction with diazepam in swiss albino mice.Methods: Anxiolytic activity was evaluated by elevated plus maze method. A group of 36 healthy mice of either sex weighing 20-30 grams were divided at random into six groups (n=6). CNM and diazepam were dissolved in tween twenty 20% to maintain uniformity of the solvent and given orally. Group I was given twenty 20% (10 ml/kg, p.o.), group II diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.), group III diazepam (1 mg/kg, p.o.), group IV cinnamaldehyde (100 mg/kg, p.o.), group V cinnamaldehyde (200 mg/kg, p.o.), group VI cinnamaldehyde and diazepam (100 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg, p.o.).Results: Cinnamaldehyde per se showed no anxiolytic effect at any dose (p<0.05). The standard drug diazepam has shown significant anxiolytic activity on elevated plus maze. Whereas combination of diazepam 0.5 mg/kg and cinnamaldehyde 100 mg/kg showed significant increase in the time spent in open arms as compared to all groups (p<0.05).Conclusions: CNM per se did not show any effect on anxiety but enhanced the action of diazepam when co-administered.

scholarly journals Efek Ansiolitik Ekstrak Etanol Kangkung Air (Ipomea aquatica) dalam Mengurangi Perasaan Cemas

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewa Gede Oka Rahangga ◽  
La Hair ◽  
Wa Ode Indri Sasmita ◽  
S Sahidin
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
One Way Anova

Kecemasan dialami ketika berpikir tentang sesuatu tidak menyenangkan yang akan terjadi. Hal tersebut merupakan salah satu pendorong seseorang untuk menggunakan obat sedatif maupun NAPZA (Narkotika, Psikotropika, dan Zat Adiktif lain). Salah satu alternatif mengatasi kecemasan yaitu dengan mengkonsumsi sayuran yang mengandung senyawa berefek ansiolitik seperti kuersetin, misalnya Kangkung air. Metode yang digunakan meliputi maserasi, pengujian aktivitas menggunakan Elevated Plus Maze Test dan Light and Dark (LD), analisis data dengan One Way ANOVA dengan SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mencit yang diinduksi ekstrak kangkung air memiliki nilai rata-rata pada lengan terbuka EPM tidak jauh berbeda antara sampel dengan kontrol positif yaitu -0,333 detik, serta pada Dark  and Light Model kelompok sampel memiliki waktu rata-rata berada di area terang tidak jauh berbeda dengan kontrol positif yaitu  -24,333 detik. Berdasarkan perubahan perilaku hewan uji menunjukkan perilaku menurunnya kecemasan dengan lebih banyak berada di lengan terbuka dan area terangKata kunci: kangkung air, ansiolitik, kecemasan, flavonoid, mencit

Screening of Antianxiety Activity of Extracts and Fractions of Verbena officinalis Aerial Parts

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Kumar ◽  
Reecha Madaan ◽  
Shabir Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

Verbena officinalis L. (Vervain; family-Verbenaceae) has been traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments especially in mental disorders, but no systematic work has been carried out to validate traditional claims of plant. Therefore, it was planned to screen antianxiety activity of extracts and fractions of V. officinalis aerial parts. Crude extracts of V. officinalis aerial parts were prepared by extracting the plant material successively with n-hexane, chloroform, methanol and water. The antianxiety activity of crude extracts was performed at the doses of 200 or 400 mg/kg, p.o., upon acute administration in mice using elevated plus maze model. The bioactive extract was partitioned using ethyl acetate, and ethyl acetate fraction (50 or 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and remaining bioactive extract (150 or 300 mg/kg, p.o.) were also screened for antianxiety activity. The statistical significance was checked by comparing with standard drug and control using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), which was followed by post hoc analysis – StudentNewman-Keul’s test. The methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction exhibited significant antianxiety activity at the dose of 400 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively, with respect to control and statistically equivalent to the standard drug (Diazepam, 2 mg/kg, p.o.). The bioactive ethyl acetate fraction is rich in phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Finally, it is concluded that these are major anxiolytic constituents of V. officinalis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the anxiolytic effects of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves and bark of Annona muricata using the elevated plus maze test

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-332
Author(s):  
Kwasi Adomako Ohemeng ◽  
◽  
Peace Doe ◽  
Mariam Adoley Pappoe ◽  
Dzifa Thywill Gordor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Introduction: Natural products since time immemorial have been the source of traditional medicine. A number of well-known anxiolytic agents currently used have several side effects that limit their use. Among medicinal plants, leaves of Annona muricata (AM) are being recommended by traditional healers for the management of anxiety. This study is performed to evaluate the anxiolytic activity of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves and bark of Annona muricata. Methodology: Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves and bark of Annona muricata were prepared and assessed for anxiolytic effect using the elevated plus maze (EPM) model. The antianxiety activity of the extracts were compared to the control (distilled water 10ml/kg) and standard drug Diazepam (5mg/kg). Results and discussion: All doses of the aqueous leaf extract of Annona muricata exhibited significant increase in mean entries into open arms (P<0.01) and mean time spent in open arms (P<0.05) compared to the control. 100mg/kg and 400mg/kg of the ethanolic bark extract of Annona muricata showed significant increase in open arm entries (P<0.01) with 100mg/kg also showing an increase in time spent in open arms which was significant. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves and bark of Annona muricata exert an anxiolytic effect on rats which substantiates its traditional use in the management of anxiety.

scholarly journals Effect of Aegle marmelos methanolic extracts of leaf and fruit pulp on learning and memory in albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Pojala Kumar ◽  
Krishnakanth K. ◽  
Jagadeesh Alla
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: The objective was to study the effect of Aegle marmelos methanolic extracts of leaf (LE) and fruit pulp extract (FE) on learning and memory in albino rats. 40 healthy wistar albino rats of either sex were randomly divided into 10 groups of 4 each (n=4), weighing about 150 to 200 gm were selected for the study. The extracts i.e. 1ml of 1% carboxy methyl cellulose, LE and FE at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg were administered per oral one hour before the experiment.Methods: Learning and memory was assessed by elevated plus maze and Hebb William maze. Latency time and number of entries were assessed by elevated plus maze whereas only latency was assessed by Hebb William maze.Results: Plant extracts of LE and FE at doses 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg have shown significant percentage reduction in latency time in elevated plus maze and Hebb William maze (p<0.05) and reduction in the number of entries in elevated plus maze.Conclusions: LE and FE at doses 200 mg/kg have shown significant effect on learning and memory.

scholarly journals Influence of the Number of Animals per Cage on the Anxiety Levels in Mice

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Martins Bellei ◽  
Samuel Campos Gomides ◽  
José Olímpio Tavares de Souza ◽  
Carlos Alberto Mourão Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Significant Alteration ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the number of animals per cage behaviour of anxiety in mice exposed to elevated plus-maze. Thirty Swiss mice were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (G1) and group 2 (G2) with 10 and 20 animals respectively in each cage. Upon reaching 90 days of age, each animal was submitted to the elevated plus-maze, only once in the period of 5 minutes. The parameters evaluated in both groups were: percentage of the number of entries in open arm (% nBA) and percentage of time spent in open arms (% tBA). The statistical analyis did not yield significant difference between the two groups in regarding %nBA (p = 0.87) nor with respect to tBA% (p = 0.98). Our work concluded that the maintenance of 10 or 20 mice per cage did not cause any significant alteration in the anxiety levels of the animals, thus it suggests being indifferent to maintain 10 or 20 mice per cage.

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