scholarly journals Functional status of reproductive system under treatment of silver nanoparticles in female mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina P. Lytvynenko ◽  
Ludmila S. Rieznichenko ◽  
Valentine A. Sribna ◽  
Maria I. Stupchuk ◽  
Nataliya G. Grushka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Meiotic Maturation ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Intravenous Treatment ◽  
Post Implantation

Background: The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) has increased very significantly in recent years the work in science is currently on focused on assessing human health and environmental risks of nanotechnology. The aim of the present study was to estimate the functional status of the female reproductive system in mice under condition of the intravenous treatment of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), namely to assess meiotic maturation of oocytes, viability of follicular cells surrounding the oocyte, spontaneous contractile activity of the myometrium and pre-and post-implantation mortality of embryos.Methods: Research (two series) has been done on white laboratory mice (8 weeks, 16-18 g). AgNPs are spherical nanoparticles of 30 nm (8 mg/ml for metal) diluted in water for injection. Method of treatment: intravenous. Two doses (2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg) have been investigated. Frequency of treatment: one time per day with each dose of 1, 5 and 10 times (n=10 animals in each group). Material for the study (ovaries, uterus) were taken the day after the last AgNPs injection.Results: Ten-time AgNPs treatment (2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg) results in inhibition of oocytes meiotic maturation in mice; a single- and five-time AgNPs treatment (2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg) increases the number of apoptotic cells, while the ten-time AgNPs treatment results in an increase of the apoptotic and necrotic follicular cells surrounding oocytes; for the five-and ten-time AgNPs treatment (4 mg/kg) the index of contractility (IC) of the uterus increased; for the ten-time AgNPs treatment (2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg) no differences in value of the embryonic mortality between control and study groups have been observed.Conclusions: This study suggests that the development of nanomaterials should be safer and non-toxic and the potential reprotoxicity of AgNPs should be investigated more carefully.

scholarly journals Resumption of meiotic maturation of oocytes, pre- and post-implantation mortality of embryos under ten-time intravenous treatment of silver nanoparticles in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4360
Author(s):  
Valentyna O. Sribna ◽  
Oksana N. Kaleynykova ◽  
Natalia G. Grushka ◽  
Taras V. Blashkiv ◽  
Tetyana Yu. Voznesenska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Meiotic Maturation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Intravenous Treatment ◽  
Oocyte Meiotic Maturation ◽  
Post Implantation

Background: In recent years the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) has increased significantly being focused on assessing human health and environmental risks of nanotechnology.Methods: Research (two series) has been done on white laboratory mice. One dose (20 mg/kg) has been investigated. Frequency of treatment: one time per day for 10 times. Material for the study (ovaries, tubes and uterus) was taken under anesthetic anesthesia on the 10/11th, 21/22nd, 33/34th, 42/43rd days (after the last treatment). Oocyte meiotic maturation, pre- and post-implantation mortality of embryos under ten-time intravenous treatment of AgNP were investigation.Results: Under the ten-time treatment of AgNPs, the inhibition of reproductive function in female mice occurs: a decrease in the number and quality of ovarian oocytes; after male mice were planted, the females do not get pregnant to 21/22 day. The reproductive function in experimental animals is restored on the 40th day after the last treatment with AgNPs; there is no differences between the values of pre- and post-implantation mortality of embryos on the 33/34th day after male mice were planted; in one of the three experimental animals, 7 live pups were born on the 42/43rd day after the male was planted (in animals of the control group during this period: twice (6 ± 1 (n = 6) live pups).Conclusions: In mice females, under a ten-time treatment of AgNPs, the inhibition of reproductive function takes place; with the termination of the AgNPs treatment, the reproductive function is restored.

scholarly journals The Role of Apelin in the Functioning of the Reproductive System

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
A. O. Shpakov ◽  
K. V. Derkach
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Cancer Information ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Wide Range

Adipokine apelin through the apelin receptors activates a wide range of signaling cascades in the target cells and controls their growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and energy metabolism. In the recent years, the evidence has been obtained that all components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis, in which apelin and its receptor are expressed, are targets of apelin. In the hypothalamus, apelin modulates the activity of the melanocortin and ghrelin systems and indirectly affects the production of gonadoliberin. In the ovaries, it controls the growth and maturation of the follicles, stimulates the angiogenesis, and affects the basal and stimulated by the other factors steroidogenic activity in follicular cells. The changes in the apelin signaling system are closely associated with dysfunctions of the female reproductive system, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, and cancer. Information on the regulation of the male reproductive system by apelin is limited to animal studies showing the effect of apelin on the hypothalamic components of the gonad axis. The participation of apelin in the regulation of the reproductive system opens up the broad opportunities for the development of new approaches for the correction of abnormalities in this system and for the treatment of infertility.

Multigenerational analysis of the functional status of male reproductive system in mice after exposure to realistic doses of manganese

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 110763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tugstênio L. Souza ◽  
Amândia R. Batschauer ◽  
Patricia Manuitt Brito ◽  
Ciro A. Oliveira Ribeiro ◽  
Anderson J. Martino-Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Status ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Male Reproductive System

Microstructure of Female Reproductive System of Phenacoccus fraxinus Tang (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Fu ◽  
Yingping Xie ◽  
Xiaomin Zhang ◽  
Weimin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Nurse Cells ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Yolk Lipid ◽  
Egg Chamber ◽  
Scanning Electron

The structure of the female reproductive system of the mealybug, Phenacoccus fraxinus Tang (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae), was studied using standard histological examination of serial sections of tissues embedded in paraffin and by scanning electron microscopy. Our studies revealed that the ovary of P. fraxinus has paired lateral oviducts comprised of numerous short ovarioles. Each ovariole consists of 1 trophic chamber, 1 egg chamber and 1 pedicel which connect to the bottom of the egg chamber. Three nurse cells were observed in the trophic chamber, whereas yolk, lipid droplets and an oocyte were seen in the egg chamber. Follicular cells were arranged along the wall of the egg chamber and extended to form the pedicel. Many tracheae and tracheoles of various thicknesses were observed innervating the clusters of ovaries.

scholarly journals Kisspeptin-mediated regulation of the morpho-functional state of the rat testicles under the effect of silver nanoparticles

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
V. Kalinovskyi ◽  
A. Pustovalov ◽  
M. Dzerzhynskyi ◽  
G. Grodzyuk ◽  
N. Andriushina
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Male Rats

It was shown that silver nanoparticles downregulate reproductive system of male rats. At the same time, activation of the hypothalamic sex-function regulatory center did not result in any stimulatory effect on testes. We suppose that toxicity of silver nanoparticles is due to their direct action on the testicles.

Applications of Flow Cytometry in Animal Reproduction

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane L. Garner ◽  
George E.,Jr. Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Viable Offspring ◽  
Cervical Cells ◽  
Reproductive Processes

Animals use many highly specialized cells to carry out their reproductive functions. These cells include not only germ-line cells—spermatozoa/oocytes—but also a variety of supporting cells of the remaining organs of the reproductive system and their precursors, thereby making production of viable offspring possible. Reproductive processes, at least in nonhuman mammals, also require functional mammary glands for adequate nourishment of newborn offspring. Specific analyses or sorting of the specialized cells of the reproductive system can provide a means of monitoring and modifying reproductive processes in animals and man. Male gametes are relatively small, haploid cells suspended in fluid secretions from the testes and accessory reproductive organs. Fully functional, mature spermatozoa are incapable of dividing; thus, these terminal gametes are readily quantified and characterized by flow cytometry. Many thousands to millions of spermatozoa can be readily analyzed and sorted. This situation differs markedly from most other kinds of cells, with which cell division and cell cycle differences can make interpretations of data more difficult. Many of the cells of the reproductive and endocrine systems of mammals have been studied by flow analyses. Female gametes, however, are relatively large, often exceeding 100 min diameter, and therefore are not readily analyzed using flow cytometry. Although the oocytes themselves usually are not useful targets, some of the supporting cumulus cells surrounding developing oocytes can be analyzed and thereby provide useful information about that particular ovarian follicle. The functional status of these specialized cells is an indicator of the health of the follicle and of the likelihood that the associated oocyte can produce viable offspring. Reproductive functions in animals are controlled by various widely distributed cellular components of the endocrine system including the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, the gonads, and the placenta. Such regulatory cells can be isolated and cultured and have their in vitro function monitored, using flow cytometric analysis of their internal components and surface receptors. The supporting cells of animal reproductive systems make possible the production of viable offspring. The functional status of these supporting cells can be evaluated by flow analyses, including the epithelial cervical cells of the female tract, and most accessory tissues, including the male accessory sex glands.

In vitro Determination of the Chromatic Effect of a Silver Nanoparticles Solution Linked to the Gantrez S-97 Copolymer on Tooth Enamel

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Hernández-Sierra ◽  
Facundo Ruíz ◽  
Juan Pablo Castanedo-Cázares ◽  
Vera Martinez-Ruiz ◽  
Peter Mandeville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Dental Esthetics ◽  
Changes Over Time

Silver nanoparticles (NNPs), alone or in combination with the bioadhesive Gantrez S-97, have demonstrated their efficacy against Streptococcus mutans; however, it is not known if this combination changes the color of teeth. The aim of this work was to measure the color changes occurring after the use of a Gantrez-NNP combination on enamel tooth blocks. Two study groups were randomly formed: enamel blocks brushed with a) the Gantrez-NNP combination and b) conventional toothpaste, for 1 minute once daily for 4 weeks, then rinsed with distilled water and placed in thymol solution. Color changes in the enamel blocks were measured using a Minolta colorimeter CR300. Analysis of mixed models was performed with R 2.10.1 at a 95%confidence level, using the nonlinear mixed effects (NLME) package. The results showed that there were no color changes over time, only a high luminosity equal in both groups. Our study showed that the use of the Gantrez-NNP combination is safe with respect to dental esthetics in the control of S. mutans.

scholarly journals Bacterial leakage assessment in root canals sealed with AH Plus sealer modified with silver nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Afkhami ◽  
Shifteh Nasri ◽  
Sara Valizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Root Canal Filling ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Leakage Resistance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ah Plus ◽  
Bacterial Leakage ◽  
Negative Controls

Abstract Background Successful endodontic therapy requires prevention of bacterial leakage between the root canal filing and root-canal walls. Sealing quality of a root canal filling depends strongly on the sealing ability of the sealer used. The present study aimed to evaluate the bacterial leakage resistance of AH Plus sealer modified with silver nanoparticles. Methods Forty sound teeth were obturated using lateral compaction technique except for five teeth as the negative controls. After considering five teeth as the positive controls (filled without sealer), the remaining teeth were assigned to two groups (n = 15) in terms of the sealer used (AH Plus sealer and silver nanoparticle-modified AH Plus). Bacterial leakage was evaluated in saliva using the two-chamber technique in every 24 h. When all the samples in the test groups were contaminated, the study was terminated. The data were analyzed with log-rank statistical test. Results All samples in both experimental groups were contaminated during the 3-months period of observation. There was no significant difference in contamination time between study groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions Silver nanoparticles used in tested concentration did not improve the bacterial leakage resistance of AH Plus sealer.

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