scholarly journals Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of vaginal discharge among married women of reproductive age group at a teaching hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4840
Author(s):  
Indira Guntoory ◽  
Narasinga R. Tamaraba ◽  
Lakshmana R. Nambaru ◽  
Alina S. Kalavakuri
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infection

Background: Vaginal discharge is the commonest reproductive tract infection among rural women in many community based studies in India. Recent evidence shows that the association between vaginal discharge and reproductive tract infection is weak. Psychosocial factors also contribute to vaginal discharge. So, the problem of vaginal discharge can be best understood not only in the biomedical perspective but also in the socio-cultural perspective. Proper understanding of this problem helps in initiating appropriate medical education programmes and framing health policies. This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of vaginal discharge, the socio demographic factors associated with it, women’s perceptions of vaginal discharge and their treatment seeking behaviour.Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional study conducted in the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, MIMS, Nellimarla, Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh. Women with the complaint of vaginal discharge were interviewed with a pretested questionnaire and sociodemographic details, details of obstetric history and contraceptive practices, personal and menstrual hygiene were noted. Statistical analysis of the significance of association of different variables was done.Results: The prevalence of vaginal discharge was found to be 28.99%. Its prevalence was found to be more in the younger age group, illiterate, women belonging to lower socioeconomic status and those who were married at less than 18 years of age. History of induced abortion, home deliveries, permanent method of sterilization, availability of toilet facility at home were significantly associated with vaginal discharge. Lower abdominal pain, dysuria and backache were the most prevalent co-morbidities with vaginal discharge.Conclusions: Improvement of the literacy rate, economic status and women’s empowerment will help to mitigate the problem of vaginal discharge.

scholarly journals Reproductive Tract Infection In A Village Area Of Bangladesh

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 642-644
Author(s):  
Tanvin Khanam ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Shamrin Sultana ◽  
Laila Yesmin
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infection ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Objective: To asses the incidence of reproductive tract infection among the married women in the reproductive age group living in the rural area of Bangladesh.Study design: Retrospective studyMethod: Hospital based study done for a period of six month January 2013 to june 2013. Only married women suffering from reproductive tract infection were included.Result: Out of 1288 female patient attended for treatment in OPD, 582 (46.47%) were found affected by RTI. Women of age between 15-35 years were mostly affected (85%). Abnormal vaginal discharge (100%) and itching were the most common symptoms. The disease was more common among the illiterate women (72%) and in low socio-economic group (58%).KYAMC Journal Vol. 6, No.-2, Jan 2016, Page 642-644

scholarly journals Socio-demographic Characteristics of Women having Vaginal Discharge Attending a Military Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-185
Author(s):  
Shamima Yasmin ◽  
Nasrin Ara Zaman ◽  
Farzana Zafreen
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Vaginal discharge is the commonest concern among women and leads many women to visit Gynaecology OPD. It is a normal part of women reproductive cycle, unless it causes itching, burning or other bothersome symptoms. Association between vaginal discharge and reproductive tract is weak. Psychological factors also contribute in vaginal discharge. So the problem of vaginal discharge can be best understood not only in bio-medical perspective but also in socio-cultural perspective. Proper understanding of the subject is required for appropriate medical intervention and bringing awareness among women. Objectives: To determine prevalence of vaginal discharge, the socio-demographic factors associated with it, women’s perceptions of vaginal discharge and their treatment seeking behaviour. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was performed at outpatients’ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Combined Military Hospital, Chattogram from January 2016 to January 2017. Total 150 women with complains of vaginal discharge were interviewed with questionnaire. Results: Most of the patients63(42%) belong to 25-34 age group, 86(57.3%) had poor sanitation facilities and 126(84%) used cloth pads during menstrual period. Many of them had backache 64(42.6%) followed by itching, bad smell 48(32%) and lower abdominal pain 15(10%). Most of the cases 98(65.3%) were multiparous. Conclusion: To diminish the problem of vaginal discharge women should improve their health knowledge, empower economic status, maintain personal hygiene. Further study is needed for better outcome. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 183-185

scholarly journals Reproductive tract infection among the women of high-altitude areas of Lahaul and Spiti District of Himachal Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1904
Author(s):  
Kalyan B. Saha ◽  
Ravendra K. Sharma ◽  
Bandhu Parihar ◽  
Bimla Devi ◽  
Arvind Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infection

Background: Reproductive tract infection (RTI) is a serious public health problem particularly among the women in reproductive age group. Tribal women particularly living in high altitude cold areas are more vulnerable to these infections as availability of water for domestic purpose is scarce hence affects personal hygiene.Methods: A door to door survey was conducted by canvassing a pre-designed interview schedule for capturing the reported symptoms of RTI among 494 women in the age group 15-49 years in Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh.Results: Around 26% of the respondents reported one or the other symptoms of RTI experienced by them during three months preceding the survey. The reported symptoms were mostly related to discharge.Conclusions: The study is carried out among women of high-altitude tribal areas of Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh, where such data/information is not available. Maintenance of personal hygiene is poor, more than one-fourth women had one or the other symptoms of RTI. Lower economic status and personal hygiene practices are strongly associated with RTI. The findings of the study will draw attention of Scientists, Program managers to address the issues for qualitative improvement of female population of the area. Need to sensitise the masses on the issues of RTI and strengthen its outreach health services in the district.

scholarly journals Assessment of knowledge and practices of menstrual hygiene among females of reproductive age group of Rama University Campus, Kanpur

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Som Nath ◽  
Manjusha Nath
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infection ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Sanitary Pads

Background: Menstruation is a normal physiological process indicating beginning of reproductive life but sometimes it is considered as unclean phenomenon, vulnerable to reproductive tract infection (RTI). Considering the relationship between menstrual hygiene problem and RTI, the study was undertaken to determine the demographics and knowledge, practices and awareness related to menstrual hygiene.Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted among non-medical females of age group 15 to 45 years, involved in different professions in the campus of Rama University, Kanpur. Study subjects were selected by simple randomization method and were interviewed for menstrual hygiene in pretested proforma and data were analysed using appropriate statistical methods.Results: Eligible females using sanitary pads were mostly literate/students (55.6%) while those using old cloth pads were mainly Home makers (36.8%), mess workers/maid (35.1%). This difference was found to be statistically significant (χ2=27.055, p=0.001). Females of lower class (22.8%) were mostly using old cloth pads. Females have different ideas about menstruation viz. cleans body/remove dirty blood or fluids (19.5%); while  22.5% study females did not have any idea about menstruation. ‘Safe and easy to use’ was the main reason of using sanitary pads (32.5%) while easily available at home (31.3%), mothers/sisters/friends using it (24.1%), was main reason of using old cloth pads.Conclusions: Literacy and social class has an impact on using sanitary pad by eligible females. Females using old cloth were due to family environment and lack of education. There is a need of correct knowledge from beginning i.e. school age and proper menstrual hygienic practices to protect the women from RTI.

scholarly journals Reproductive Tract Infection and Treatment Seeking Behaviour of the Married Women of Reproductive Age in a Slum of Dhaka City

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Mekhala Sarkar ◽  
Seikh Farid Uddin Akter ◽  
Md Zillur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infection

Objectives: To determine the proportion of reproductive tract infection (RTI) among the married women of reproductive age in a slum of Dhaka and to ascertain their treatment seeking behaviour. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 207 married women of reproductive age (15-49 years). RTI was diagnosed using the ‘modified syndromic approach' as suggested by the World Health Organization. Data were collected through face-to-face interview by using a semi-structured questionnaire. Place and period of the study: The study was undertaken from March to June in the year 2003 in the Naderkhan slum of Rayer Bazar area in Dhaka City. Results: The proportion of RTI among the study population was 45.4% and abnormal vaginal discharge was the most frequently encountered symptom. Family size and occupation of the respondents as well as of their husbands had shown significant influence on the occurrence of RTI (p<0.05) while other socio-demographic characteristics failed to show any association. Of the 94 women detected with RTI, only 26.6% of them received any treatment for the same. For vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain and painful coitus, majority of the respondents sought treatment from traditional healers and for difficulties in urination and vaginal itching majority of them received treatment from a chemist. Conclusion: Although a considerable number of the married women of reproductive age living in the slum suffered from various types of RTIs, only one fourth of them received any sort of treatment, and that also mainly from the traditional healers. Bangladesh being a signatory to the MDG, maternal health is a priority area. Urban slums cannot be overlooked. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2007; 1(2): 13-16 Key Words: RTI, slum dwellers, treatment, Dhaka city.   doi: 10.3329/imcj.v1i2.2899

scholarly journals Assessment of knowledge regarding menstruation and practices related to maintenance of menstrual hygiene among the women of reproductive age group in a slum of Kolkata, West Bengal, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutanuka Santra
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infection ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Menstruation is a normal biological process and a key sign of reproductive health. Unfortunately, the taboo surrounding menstruation prevents women from articulating their needs. There is lack of awareness on the process of menstruation and hygienic management of the same. So, the problem of poor menstrual hygiene still persists in society. Objectives: 1) To elicit the knowledge regarding menstruation among the women of reproductive age group 2) To find out the practice of menstrual hygiene among them.Methods: A community based, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at Baghbazar slum, Kolkata. A total of 160 menstruating women of the age group between 15-45 years were included. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 20.  Results: Only 32 women (20%) had idea before menarche regarding menstruation. 65% women used only sanitary pad and 30% used only cloth pieces where as 5% used both pad and cloth piece. Prevalence of sanitary pad use was significantly higher among those aged <25 years (p<0.05). With increasing literacy status as well as socio economic status, use of sanitary pad was also found to be increased and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). About 42% of the cloth piece users reused cloth piece. All those, who reused cloth pieces, washed the used cloth pieces with soap and water and 50% of them dried those under sunlight. All the women practised some kind of restriction during menstruation. About 4% individuals did not take regular bath during their bleeding period.   Some women (37.5%) suffered from reproductive tract infection during or just after menstruation. Most of the study subjects (95.6%) disposed used napkins in municipal vat.Conclusions: Awareness should be increased regarding maintenance of good menstrual hygiene through health education programme. 

scholarly journals Etiopathogenesis of vaginal discharge among married women in reproductive age group residing in rural area of Bhojipura District, Western Uttar Pradesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2598
Author(s):  
Monica Agrawal ◽  
Nitu Nigam ◽  
Ruchica Goel ◽  
J. K. Goel ◽  
Mukesh Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Vaginitis is one of common medical problem in women that often results in frequent medical consultations. Aim was to study the clinico-epidemiological profile and etiopathogenesis of various causes of vaginal discharge among females in age group 18-45 years residing in rural area of Bhojipura district.Methods: This Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted over a period of one year (March 2011 to February 2012) among 150 females aged 18-45 years presenting with the complaint of vaginal discharge. Information on sociodemographic data was obtained with the aid of questionnaires. Samples were obtained with two dry cotton-wool tipped swabs from vaginal fornices and were sending to department of microbiology.Results: The prevalence rate of vaginal discharge was found to be 24.6% among females in reproductive age group attending the outpatient department from rural background. Out of 150 patients who were enrolled for study 86 (57.30%) were diagnosed with non-infective discharge while 64 (42.60%) patients with infective discharge. Bacterial vaginosis was detected in 25 (39.1%), Candida albicans was detected in 23 (35.9%), T. vaginalis in 4 (6.3%) and mixed infections were found in 12 (18.7%). According to vagina flora morphology 85 (56.6%) had normal morphology, 30 (20%) had shift from normal flora and 35 (23.3%) had definitive bacterial vaginosis. About 20.5% females with Candida based etiology were diabetic.Conclusions: Some common reproductive tract infections can be diagnosed and managed at primary level health facilities. This promotes community awareness through behavior change communication which includes safer sex practices, awareness of HIV and appropriate and timely health care seeking behavior.

scholarly journals A study to determine socio demographic corelates of reproductive tract infection amongst women of reproductive age group

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 3463
Author(s):  
Anmol K. Gupta ◽  
Anita Thakur ◽  
Tripti Chauhan ◽  
Nidhi Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infection ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Reproductive tract infection (RTI) is a public health problem, especially in developing country like India. The associated odium with this reproductive morbidity is often a stumbling block in seeking health care. The aim was to study the prevalence of RTI symptoms and its socio-demographic corelates.Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in the rural field practice area of department of community medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India, from July 2018 to September 2018. Total sample size calculated was 410. Random sampling was used to select eligible couple to whom a predesigned, pretested, semi-structured and anonymous interview schedule was administered after taking consent.Results: The prevalence of self-reported reproductive tract infections was found to be 41.2%. The prevalence was more in lower socio-economic classes, and it was statistically significant. Other socio-demographic corelates (age, education, occupation) did not showed any significant association.Conclusions: The reproductive tract infections prevalence is found to be considerably high in the women of reproductive age group. The frequency was higher among multigravida women and those using cloth during menstrual periods. RTIs are usually spurned by women and even the health care providers, so there is a need to give due consideration to this aspect of reproductive health.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document