A descriptive study on histopathology of fallopian tube in neoplastic surface epithelial ovarian tumors

Background: The incidence of cancer is increasing day by day. Ovarian cancer ranks as the fifth leading cause of cancer related death among women worldwide. The cure rate of early stage disease is high. The accepted view is that ovarian cancer arises from ovarian surface epithelium. Recent evidence suggested that around sixty percentage of women without a genetic predisposition who developed sporadic ovarian cancer also have early tubal lesion and cancer. The present study aims to find out the histopathology of fallopian tube in neoplastic surface epithelial ovarian tumour.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among hundred women who had undergone surgery for malignant and benign surface epithelial ovarian tumor from Govt. Medical College, Kottayam for one year from January-December 2017.Results: Fifty percent of the patients had malignant surface epithelial ovarian tumors.Conclusions: The risk factors of malignant surface epithelial ovarian tumors include age above fifty years and post-menopausal women. Whereas oral contraceptive pill use is a protective factor against malignant surface epithelial ovarian tumors. The fimbrial end of fallopian tube is the site of origin of malignancy in high grade ovarian epithelial carcinoma. So, prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy should be encouraged in all patients who have completed family and undergoing hysterectomy. This will reduce the morbidity and mortality due to ovarian carcinoma.

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Risk-Reducing Salpingectomy as Preventative Strategy for Pelvic Serous Cancer

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1097/igc.0b013e3182849dba ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 417-421 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Charles K. Anderson ◽

Shannon Wallace ◽

Maryam Guiahi ◽

Jeanelle Sheeder ◽

Kian Behbakht ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Fallopian Tube ◽

Early Stage ◽

Ovarian Surface Epithelium ◽

Surface Epithelium ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Preventative Strategy ◽

Risk Reducing ◽

Low Risk Women ◽

Early Stage Ovarian Cancer

AbstractThe systemic failure to detect early-stage ovarian cancer may be attributed to a significant amount of pelvic serous cancers arising from the fallopian tube rather than the ovarian surface epithelium. This article reviews the possibility of applying risk-reducing salpingectomy as a new paradigm for the prevention of pelvic serous cancer in both high- and low-risk women.

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Cells of origin of ovarian cancer: ovarian surface epithelium or fallopian tube?

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics ◽

10.1007/s00404-017-4529-z ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 296 (6) ◽

pp. 1055-1062 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Daniel Martin Klotz ◽

Pauline Wimberger

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Fallopian Tube ◽

Ovarian Surface Epithelium ◽

Surface Epithelium ◽

Ovarian Surface ◽

Cells Of Origin

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Role of PET/CT in Assessment of Recurrent Ovarian Tumors

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcaa068.006a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

S Kadry ◽

A Haggag ◽

A Ekbal

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Tumor Marker ◽

Early Stage ◽

Ovarian Tumors ◽

University Hospital ◽

Ca 125 ◽

Early Stage Disease ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Pet Ct ◽

Suspected Recurrence

Abstract Background Ovarian cancer remains a major health problem worldwide, with over 225,000 new cases and 140,000 deaths reported annually. Despite high response after initial treatment, 20-30% of patients with early-stage disease and up to 75% of patients with advanced disease present with recurrence within two years. Early diagnosis of recurrence is crucial for determination of the best treatment. Aim of the Work is to detect the significance of PET/CT in the early detection of recurrent ovarian tumors. Patients and Method The study included 25 patients who have been diagnosed with ovarian cancer, received treatment and achieved complete response. All of the 25 patients had suspected recurrence either due to elevated tumor markers or suspicious clinical findings. The 25 patients have been referred for PET/CT scan at ElDemerdash university hospital from July 2017 to August 2018. Results Total of 25 patients were included in the study. 18 of 25 patients had high tumor marker (CA 125) level. The remaining 7 patients had suspected recurrence with normal tumor marker levels. Recurrence was confirmed by histopathology or clinical and imaging follow up in 19 patients of the 25 patients. Recurrent disease was not shown in 5 of 19 patients on CECT imaging and 1 of 19 patients on PET/CT imaging. PET/CT had a sensitivity of (94.74%), specificity of (100%) and accuracy of (96%). CECT has been reported with sensitivity of (73.68), specificity of (83.33%) and accuracy of (76%). Conclusion PET/CT is a useful tool and has a higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy than CECT in detection of recurrent ovarian cancer.

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UnPAXing the Divergent Roles of PAX2 and PAX8 in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers10080262 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 262 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Laura Hardy ◽

Amrita Salvi ◽

Joanna Burdette

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Fallopian Tube ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Drug Targets ◽

Ovarian Surface Epithelium ◽

Surface Epithelium ◽

High Grade ◽

Serous Ovarian Cancer ◽

Cell Of Origin ◽

Pax8 Expression

High-grade serous ovarian cancer is a deadly disease that can originate from the fallopian tube or the ovarian surface epithelium. The PAX (paired box) genes PAX2 and PAX8 are lineage-specific transcription factors required during development of the fallopian tube but not in the development of the ovary. PAX2 expression is lost early in serous cancer progression, while PAX8 is expressed ubiquitously. These proteins are implicated in migration, invasion, proliferation, cell survival, stem cell maintenance, and tumor growth. Hence, targeting PAX2 and PAX8 represents a promising drug strategy that could inhibit these pro-tumorigenic effects. In this review, we examine the implications of PAX2 and PAX8 expression in the cell of origin of serous cancer and their potential efficacy as drug targets by summarizing their role in the molecular pathogenesis of ovarian cancer.

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Mechanisms of High-Grade Serous Carcinogenesis in the Fallopian Tube and Ovary: Current Hypotheses, Etiologic Factors, and Molecular Alterations

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22094409 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 4409

Author(s):

Isao Otsuka

Keyword(s):

Homologous Recombination ◽

Fallopian Tube ◽

Early Stage ◽

Ovarian Surface Epithelium ◽

Surface Epithelium ◽

Intratumor Heterogeneity ◽

High Grade ◽

Tp53 Mutations ◽

Molecular Alterations ◽

Brca 1

Ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases. They include fallopian-tube-epithelium (FTE)-derived and ovarian-surface-epithelium (OSE)-derived tumors. The risk/protective factors suggest that the etiology of HGSCs is multifactorial. Inflammation caused by ovulation and retrograde bleeding may play a major role. HGSCs are among the most genetically altered cancers, and TP53 mutations are ubiquitous. Key driving events other than TP53 mutations include homologous recombination (HR) deficiency, such as BRCA 1/2 dysfunction, and activation of the CCNE1 pathway. HR deficiency and the CCNE1 amplification appear to be mutually exclusive. Intratumor heterogeneity resulting from genomic instability can be observed at the early stage of tumorigenesis. In this review, I discuss current carcinogenic hypotheses, sites of origin, etiologic factors, and molecular alterations of HGSCs.

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Loss of PAX8 in high-grade serous ovarian cancer reduces cell survival despite unique modes of action in the fallopian tube and ovarian surface epithelium

Oncotarget ◽

10.18632/oncotarget.9051 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (22) ◽

pp. 32785-32795 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Laura H. Rodgers ◽

Eoghainín Ó hAinmhire ◽

Alexandria N. Young ◽

Joanna E. Burdette

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Cell Survival ◽

Fallopian Tube ◽

Ovarian Surface Epithelium ◽

Surface Epithelium ◽

High Grade ◽

Serous Ovarian Cancer ◽

Modes Of Action ◽

Ovarian Surface

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Expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and its regulator microrna-181 during the development and progression of ovarian cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.5579 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 5579-5579

Author(s):

Animesh Barua ◽

Aparna Yellapa ◽

Salvatore A Grasso ◽

Jacques S Abramowicz ◽

Sameer Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Late Stage ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Early Stage ◽

Distinct Pattern ◽

Ovarian Tumors ◽

Serous Carcinoma ◽

Surface Epithelium ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Potential Marker

5579 Background: Ovarian cancer (OVCA) is a lethal malignancy of women with a distinct pattern of metastasis through peritoneal dissemination. Sustained exposure of the ovaries to oxidative stress due to inflammatory processes including ovulatory genotoxicity, makes the ovarian microenvironment conducive to malignant cell proliferation. GRP78 is a stress-inducible protein which resides in the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell. Thus GRP78 may be a marker of ovarian tumor associated stress and could represent a therapeutic target for OVCA. The goal of this study was to examine if GRP78 expression increases in association with OVCA development and determine the molecular mechanism of its increase in ovarian tumors. Methods: All tissues were collected from patients who underwent surgery and processed for immunohistochemistry (IHC), proteomic study (2D-WB) and miRNA expression. Expression of GRP78 was examined in paraffin sections of normal ovaries (n = 20), benign (serous cystadenoma, n = 15 and cystadenofibroma, n = 5) and ovaries with papillary serous carcinoma at early stage (n= 20 at stages I and II) and late stage (n = 20, stages III and IV) by IHC and confirmed by 2D-WB (representative samples). Changes in miRNA-181 (post-translation regulator of GRP78) expression were examined by qRT-PCR. Results: GRP78 expression by normal ovarian surface epithelium and epithelium of benign tumors was very weak. In contrast, the intensity of GRP78 expression was significantly (p<0.05) high in early stage OVCA and increased further in late stage OVCA. An immunoreactive band of 78kDa detected by 2D-WB confirmed IHC observations. In contrast, expression of miRNA-181 by malignant tumors significantly (p<0.05) decreased as the tumor progressed to late stages. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that GRP78 expression is associated with the development and progression of malignant ovarian tumors. Increase in GRP78 expression was associated with the down-regulation of miRNA-181. Expression of GRP78 by malignant ovarian epithelium represents a potential marker with usefulness for targeted drug delivery. Support: Elmer and Sylvia Sramek Foundation.

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Spontaneous transformation of the ovarian surface epithelium and the biology of ovarian cancer

Ovarian Cancer 3 ◽

10.1007/978-1-4757-0136-4_15 ◽

1995 ◽

pp. 145-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. Salazar ◽

A. K. Godwin ◽

L. A. Getts ◽

J. R. Testa ◽

M. Daly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Ovarian Surface Epithelium ◽

Surface Epithelium ◽

Spontaneous Transformation ◽

Ovarian Surface

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CA125 test result, test-to-diagnosis interval, and stage in ovarian cancer at diagnosis: a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records

British Journal of General Practice ◽

10.3399/bjgp.2020.0859 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. BJGP.2020.0859

Author(s):

Garth Funston ◽

Luke TA Mounce ◽

Sarah Price ◽

Brian Rous ◽

Emma J Crosbie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Primary Care ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Early Stage ◽

Cancer Antigen 125 ◽

Early Stage Disease ◽

Cancer Registry Data ◽

Test Result

BackgroundIn the UK, the cancer antigen 125 (CA125) test is recommended as a first-line investigation in women with symptoms of possible ovarian cancer.AimTo compare time between initial primary care CA125 test and diagnosis, tumour morphology, and stage in women with normal (<35 U/ml) and abnormal (≥35 U/ml) CA125 levels prior to ovarian cancer diagnosis.Design and settingRetrospective cohort study using English primary care and cancer registry data.MethodAssociations between CA125 test results and test-to-diagnosis interval, stage, and ovarian cancer morphology were examined.ResultsIn total, 456 women were diagnosed with ovarian cancer in the 12 months after having a CA125 test. Of these, 351 (77%) had an abnormal, and 105 (23%) had a normal, CA125 test result. The median test-to-diagnosis interval was 35 days (interquartile range [IQR] 21–53) for those with abnormal CA125 levels, and 64 days (IQR 42–127) for normal CA125 levels. Tumour morphology differed by CA125 result: indolent borderline tumours were less common in those with abnormal CA125 levels (n = 47, 13%) than those with normal CA125 levels (n = 51, 49%) (P<0.001). Staging data were available for 304 women with abnormal, and 77 with normal, CA125 levels. Of those with abnormal CA125 levels, 35% (n = 106) were diagnosed at an early stage, compared to 86% (n = 66) of women with normal levels. The odds of being diagnosed with early-stage disease were higher in women with normal as opposed to abnormal CA125 levels (odds ratio 12.2, 95% confidence interval = 5.8 to 25.1, P<0.001).ConclusionDespite longer intervals between testing and diagnosis, women with normal, compared with abnormal, CA125 levels more frequently had indolent tumours and were more commonly diagnosed at an early stage in the course of the disease. Although testing approaches that have greater sensitivity might expedite diagnosis for some women, it is not known if this would translate to earlier-stage diagnosis.

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