scholarly journals Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in females in the reproductive age group

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Meena Salvi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection among reproductive age group females. The objective of present study is to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis, its distribution and association of risk factors among reproductive age group females, attending the outpatient department of obstetrics and gynaecology of our Prime Medical Centre, Sharjah attached with Prime Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE).Methods: It was cross-sectional descriptive study over a period of six months. Patients who came to our outpatient department with complains of vaginal discharge and itching in reproductive age group were included in this study. Patients characteristics i.e. age, parity, risk factors like diabetes, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPills) and intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) were noted. High vaginal swabs (HVS) were collected and sent for culture. Candida positive cases were noted, and results were analyzed.Results: A total of 224 high vaginal swabs were collected. Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis was found to be 31.6%. It was found more in 26-30 years age group and multiparous women. Previous history of candidiasis and diabetes were the commonest risk factors. Frequency of C. albicans was more (76.05%) than non-albicans candida (23.94%).Conclusions: Present study concluded that vulvovaginal candidiasis is more prevalent in reproductive age group females, therefore a routine high vaginal swab culture must be performed in every woman presenting with vaginal discharge and itching for correct diagnosis. Women should be educated on clinical symptoms.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the prevalence, cause and risk factors associated with leucorrhoea in reproductive age group women

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1520
Author(s):  
A. Priya Arthy ◽  
Sangeeta Sen ◽  
A. Ganesh Kumar ◽  
R. Rajaram ◽  
G. Archunan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Barrier Methods ◽  
Obstetric History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: The community based study was carried out in women of reproductive age group with a specific aim to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of leucorrhoea.Methods: In this investigation, a total of 191 women who presented with gynaecological complaint of white discharge and seeking medical assistance was taken as a study sample for PAP smear. The basic details like socio demographic, past obstetric history and menstrual history were included prior to the smear study.Results: High prevalence of vaginal discharge was observed in the age group of 30-39, those who had two parity, previous obstetric history of normal vaginal delivery and usage of Copper T as a method of contraception. The binary logistics model explains the risk factors levels of abnormal vaginal discharge with 95% confident interval. Based on the data analysed, the age group of 30-39 and 40-49 are more likely to have a risk of 3.22 and 2.68 folds respectively. Likewise, the participants with the history of diabetes had a 2.08 folds increased risk of leucorrhoea rather than other complications and 2.21 folds of risk to those who used barrier methods like condom as a contraceptive method.Conclusions: The results concluded that the occurrence of vaginal discharge in women is age dependent and the most common risk factors for causing the vaginal discharge in the reproductive age group i.e. 30-49 years of age, are previous normal vaginal delivery, diabetes and usage of contraceptive methods like intra uterine contraceptive device and barrier methods.

scholarly journals Epidemiologic Features of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Women of Childbearing Age in a Combined Military Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Syed Nurun Nabi ◽  
Md Rahimgir ◽  
Arif Ahmed Khan ◽  
Kaniz Fatema
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Introduction: Vulvovaginal Candidiasis is a reproductive tract infection which remains a common cause of morbidity adversely affecting women’s physical and emotional health. Vaginal discharge in the childbearing age group is the most common complaint encountered every day both by gynaecologists and general practitioners. Among the cases of symptomatic vaginal discharge, Bacterial vaginosis is the commonest cause followed by Candidiasis and Trichomoniasis. It is characterized by curd-like vaginal discharge and itching and is associated with considerable health and economic costs. Objective: To detect the prevalence of Candida species in patients with complaints of vaginal discharge of reproductive age group attending at Child Welfare Centre (CWC), Gynaecology Outpatient Department (GOPD) and Medical Inspection Room (MI Room) of Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Ghatail. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at CMH Ghatail during the period of April 2017 to October 2017. A total of 183 patients of reproductive age group with the complaints of vaginal discharge attending CWC, GOPD and MI Room of CMH Ghatail were included in this study. Two specimens of High Vaginal Swabs (HVS) were collected from each patient, one for direct microscopy and another for culture. For every patient, two wet film preparations and two Gram’s staining were done. Specimens were cultured on Blood Agar Medium and Sabourad’s Dextrose Agar Medium. Identification of Candida species was carried out by Wet film, Gram’s staining and culture examination. Results: According to the results of this study, the prevalence of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) was found in 57(31.15%) of the cases. The maximum number of patients 126(66.66%) were found between 26 years to 35 years of age group. On the other hand, amongst 57 VVC positive cases, 44(77.19%)were identified as Candida albicans and 13(22.81%) were Candida non-albicans. Conclusion: Candida albicans is the predominant organism amongst candida species identified from VVC in this study. The high prevalence necessitates adequate screening of woman with vaginal discharge in order to give appropriate treatment and to avoid complications associated with it. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 13-16

scholarly journals Study of vulvovaginal candidiasis in symptomatic women of reproductive age group attending tertiary care institute, Haryana province

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Gulnar K ◽  
Harman Multani
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Care Institute ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Abnormal vaginal discharge results from a variety of infectious and noninfectious causes. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is caused by the overgrowth of Candida species in the vagina and is characterized by itching, erythema and curd like vaginal discharge. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is most often caused by Candida albicans, however, other species of Candida such as Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis are emerging. Aims and Objectives: The current study was designed to study microbiological diagnosis and anti-fungal susceptibility testing of vulvovaginal candidiasis in symptomatic women of reproductive age group attending our tertiary care institute. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in female patients in the reproductive age group (15 to 50 years), with the complaint of excessive vaginal discharge. Vaginal swabs collected from patients with abnormal vaginal discharge were processed for direct examination of the Candida species. Results of the culture and antimicrobial sensitivity testing were documented. Collected data was entered in Microsoft excel sheet and analysed. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics. Results: During study period 300 patients were included for this study after satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients underwent microbiological study of vaginal discharge sample to diagnose vulvovaginalcandidiasis. Total 300 samples were tested, out of which 18.33% (55 samples) were tested positive for candidiasis. Positive samples were studied further. In present study 26-30 years age group (25%) was most common age group followed by 31-35 years (24%). Vaginal/vulvar itch (85%), vaginal malodour (78%) and vaginal discharge (71%) were most common symptoms noted in present study. Previous history of similar complaints in past (38%), history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (16%) and antibiotic use (15%) were most common predisposing factors for vaginal candidiasis in present study. Out of 55 isolates, Candida albicans (65%) was most common followed by Candida tropicalis (24%) and Candida glabrata (11%). Antifungal susceptibility was best for amphotericin B followed by clotrimazole, miconazole and least for fluconazole. Conclusion: Vaginal candidiasis is a common infection in women worldwide. Definitive laboratory procedures are of paramount importance to identify Candida isolates from suspected VVC cases to a species level toensure appropriate and effective use of antifungal agents.

Bacterial Vaginosis and its Relation with Sociodemographic Determinants in married reproductive age females

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1249-1252
Author(s):  
R. Mukhtar ◽  
A. U.- Rehman ◽  
A. Ilyas ◽  
M. J. Khan ◽  
R. Liaqat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Sociodemographic Determinants ◽  
Reproductive Age Group ◽  
Nonspecific Inflammation

Aim: To determine the frequency of Bacterial vaginosis by pap smear cytology and find its association with its sociodemographic determinants. Study design: Cross sectional analytical study Place and duration of study: Department of Histopathology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from 1st January 2016 to 31st October 2016. Methodology: Two hundred and sixty pap smears of married women of reproductive age group with vaginal discharge who attended Gynecology OPD were included. Proper history regarding age, socioeconomic status, age of marriage, literacy level, smoking, and nutritional status was taken. Results: Disease prevalence was found to be 19.2%(50)in this sample of 260 while 9.1% had Candidiasis, 47%, 17.2% ,3.7%, 4.1% had Mild nonspecific inflammation, Moderate nonspecific inflammation, Moderate to severe nonspecific inflammation, and negative smears respectively. Bacterial vaginosis was associated with age, monthly income, illiteracy, early age at marriage, history of abortion and nutritional status with significant p-value ≤ 0.05. However no association was found between the disease and marital status, smoking and pallor. Conclusion: Low socioeconomic status, literacy, age >35, nutritional status is strongly related to occurrence of bacterial vaginosis in women of reproductive age group with vaginal discharge. Key Words: Bacterial vaginosis, Pap smear, Sociodemographic determinants

scholarly journals Clinico-Ultrasonographic Profile of Ectopic Pregnancy in Western Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Devi Gurung ◽  
Prakash Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Radiological Finding ◽  
Previous History ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is one of the major complications in first trimester pregnancy, resulting in increased maternal morbidity and mortality. It accounts for 1.3-2.4% of all pregnancies. Previously, though laparoscopy was considered as the gold standard for diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, due to availability of high resolution ultrasound, it has become the first line investigation for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.Methods: It is a prospective study conducted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, from January 2015 till December 2017. All the cases diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy were included in the study.  Ultrasonological and intraoperative findings were recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS (VERSION 16).Results: Twenty six patients were diagnosed with ectopic pregnancies. The incidence was 0.35%. It was most common among the reproductive age group between 20-40 years with mean age of 30.50 years. Pelvic inflammatory disease (n=10, 38.5%) was considered as risk factor. Radiological finding of Type III ectopic pregnancy (n=21, 80.8%) was the most common type.Conclusion: Ectopic pregnancy is common among reproductive age group with previous history of pelvic inflammatory disease. Type III is the most common type.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis and Its Association with Risk Factors among Nonpregnant Women: A Hospital Based Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza Ranjit ◽  
Bijendra Raj Raghubanshi ◽  
Smrity Maskey ◽  
Pramila Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an ecological imbalance of the vaginal microbiota affecting mostly women of reproductive age group. This study was carried out among 160 nonpregnant women registered at the Outpatient Department of Gynaecology/Obstetrics of KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital, Imadol, Lalitpur, Nepal, from November 2014 to May 2015. The aim of the study was to assess the association of the risk factors with BV and analyze the type of bacteria associated with BV. Nugent’s scoring method was used for diagnosis of BV in this study. The overall prevalence of BV was 24.4% among symptomatic patients. Douching was statistically related to BV(P=0.015). Also, BV was significantly associated with consistency(P=0.0001), odor(P=0.02), and amount of abnormal vaginal discharge(P=0.09). Contraceptives users on anatomical sites were found more prone to BV than those who did not use contraceptives on anatomical sites.Pseudomonasspp.,Escherichia coli, Acinetobacterspp., Proteusspp., Klebsiellaspp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Enterobacterspp., Citrobacterspp., Staphylococcus aureus,Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS),andStreptococcus agalactiaewere associated with BV and out of thoseLactobacillusspp. was the predominant organism. The higher prevalence of BV among symptomatic patients indicates interventions should be applied to reduce the incidence of stillbirth, abortion, and sterility.

scholarly journals Screening and Risk Factor Associated with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis among Pregnant Women

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yugandhara Hingankar ◽  
Vaishali Taksande
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Yeast Infection ◽  
Vaginal Thrush ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is also known as vaginal yeast infection and candida vulvovaginitis there is excessive growth of yeast in vagina which leads to vaginal thrush. The sign and symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis includes severe vaginal discharge and itching. The symptoms get more before menstruation. The other symptoms show pain during sex, burning urination and redness over vagina. This infection mostly occurs due to excessive amount of growth of candida. According to research in all around 75% of total women suffer from vaginal candidiasis once in their lifetime and around 5% of the women suffer from twice or thrice. The preventive measures include wearing cotton undergarment rather than wearing synthetic and wearing loose cotton cloths. Objective: This study is planned to assess screening and risk factors associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis among pregnant women. Methodology: The Descriptive Evaluatory Research Design used for data collection procedure will be required 1 week per plan. 7-8 High vaginal swab are taken from gynae Opd in a day accordingly data will be collected. The number of pregnant women will be taken from Gynae Opd who come for check-up on the regular basis. Soon after their check-up written consent form will be given and sample will be collected. Then interview will be taken with the following questionnaires prepared according to the risk factors assessment scale. The pregnant women will be selected non-Probability convenient sampling technique. Conclusion: Reproductive age group women have more risk of developing vulvovaginal candidiasis, because of High oestrogen levels cause an increased glycogen load in epithelium, which is a nutritional source for growth of candida & germination. Vulvovaginal candidiasis the most common gynaecologic diagnosis in the primary care setting. So, the available statistics say that there is a need for the study regarding the assessment and screening of vulvovaginal candidiasis among pregnant women.

scholarly journals Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among reproductive age group women in a tertiary care centre

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4515
Author(s):  
Rema V. Nair ◽  
Raja Preethi ◽  
M. Vijayalekshmi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Vaginal discharge in reproductive age poses a serious problem in the developing countries. Bacterial vaginosis also known as non-specific vaginitis is the most common cause of vaginal infections, detecting the organism at an early stage and initiating a proper treatment is very difficult in our country due to lack of awareness and proper follow-up. The disease manifests in the form of vaginal discharge with or without itching. It has a strong association with preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes and low birth weight in pregnancy. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among the reproductive age group women, in a tertiary care centre.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 150 women of the reproductive age group in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences over a period of one month October 2018 the diagnosis was made with history and nugents scoring system.Results: Out of the total 150 women enrolled in the study 74 had positive results, 50% of them were of the age group 26-30.Conclusions: The study shows us the high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis.

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