scholarly journals An evaluation of the prevalence, cause and risk factors associated with leucorrhoea in reproductive age group women

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1520
Author(s):  
A. Priya Arthy ◽  
Sangeeta Sen ◽  
A. Ganesh Kumar ◽  
R. Rajaram ◽  
G. Archunan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Barrier Methods ◽  
Obstetric History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: The community based study was carried out in women of reproductive age group with a specific aim to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of leucorrhoea.Methods: In this investigation, a total of 191 women who presented with gynaecological complaint of white discharge and seeking medical assistance was taken as a study sample for PAP smear. The basic details like socio demographic, past obstetric history and menstrual history were included prior to the smear study.Results: High prevalence of vaginal discharge was observed in the age group of 30-39, those who had two parity, previous obstetric history of normal vaginal delivery and usage of Copper T as a method of contraception. The binary logistics model explains the risk factors levels of abnormal vaginal discharge with 95% confident interval. Based on the data analysed, the age group of 30-39 and 40-49 are more likely to have a risk of 3.22 and 2.68 folds respectively. Likewise, the participants with the history of diabetes had a 2.08 folds increased risk of leucorrhoea rather than other complications and 2.21 folds of risk to those who used barrier methods like condom as a contraceptive method.Conclusions: The results concluded that the occurrence of vaginal discharge in women is age dependent and the most common risk factors for causing the vaginal discharge in the reproductive age group i.e. 30-49 years of age, are previous normal vaginal delivery, diabetes and usage of contraceptive methods like intra uterine contraceptive device and barrier methods.

scholarly journals Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in females in the reproductive age group

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Meena Salvi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection among reproductive age group females. The objective of present study is to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis, its distribution and association of risk factors among reproductive age group females, attending the outpatient department of obstetrics and gynaecology of our Prime Medical Centre, Sharjah attached with Prime Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE).Methods: It was cross-sectional descriptive study over a period of six months. Patients who came to our outpatient department with complains of vaginal discharge and itching in reproductive age group were included in this study. Patients characteristics i.e. age, parity, risk factors like diabetes, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPills) and intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) were noted. High vaginal swabs (HVS) were collected and sent for culture. Candida positive cases were noted, and results were analyzed.Results: A total of 224 high vaginal swabs were collected. Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis was found to be 31.6%. It was found more in 26-30 years age group and multiparous women. Previous history of candidiasis and diabetes were the commonest risk factors. Frequency of C. albicans was more (76.05%) than non-albicans candida (23.94%).Conclusions: Present study concluded that vulvovaginal candidiasis is more prevalent in reproductive age group females, therefore a routine high vaginal swab culture must be performed in every woman presenting with vaginal discharge and itching for correct diagnosis. Women should be educated on clinical symptoms.

scholarly journals Study of vulvovaginal candidiasis in symptomatic women of reproductive age group attending tertiary care institute, Haryana province

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Gulnar K ◽  
Harman Multani
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Care Institute ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Abnormal vaginal discharge results from a variety of infectious and noninfectious causes. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is caused by the overgrowth of Candida species in the vagina and is characterized by itching, erythema and curd like vaginal discharge. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is most often caused by Candida albicans, however, other species of Candida such as Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis are emerging. Aims and Objectives: The current study was designed to study microbiological diagnosis and anti-fungal susceptibility testing of vulvovaginal candidiasis in symptomatic women of reproductive age group attending our tertiary care institute. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in female patients in the reproductive age group (15 to 50 years), with the complaint of excessive vaginal discharge. Vaginal swabs collected from patients with abnormal vaginal discharge were processed for direct examination of the Candida species. Results of the culture and antimicrobial sensitivity testing were documented. Collected data was entered in Microsoft excel sheet and analysed. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics. Results: During study period 300 patients were included for this study after satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients underwent microbiological study of vaginal discharge sample to diagnose vulvovaginalcandidiasis. Total 300 samples were tested, out of which 18.33% (55 samples) were tested positive for candidiasis. Positive samples were studied further. In present study 26-30 years age group (25%) was most common age group followed by 31-35 years (24%). Vaginal/vulvar itch (85%), vaginal malodour (78%) and vaginal discharge (71%) were most common symptoms noted in present study. Previous history of similar complaints in past (38%), history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (16%) and antibiotic use (15%) were most common predisposing factors for vaginal candidiasis in present study. Out of 55 isolates, Candida albicans (65%) was most common followed by Candida tropicalis (24%) and Candida glabrata (11%). Antifungal susceptibility was best for amphotericin B followed by clotrimazole, miconazole and least for fluconazole. Conclusion: Vaginal candidiasis is a common infection in women worldwide. Definitive laboratory procedures are of paramount importance to identify Candida isolates from suspected VVC cases to a species level toensure appropriate and effective use of antifungal agents.

Bacterial Vaginosis and its Relation with Sociodemographic Determinants in married reproductive age females

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1249-1252
Author(s):  
R. Mukhtar ◽  
A. U.- Rehman ◽  
A. Ilyas ◽  
M. J. Khan ◽  
R. Liaqat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Sociodemographic Determinants ◽  
Reproductive Age Group ◽  
Nonspecific Inflammation

Aim: To determine the frequency of Bacterial vaginosis by pap smear cytology and find its association with its sociodemographic determinants. Study design: Cross sectional analytical study Place and duration of study: Department of Histopathology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from 1st January 2016 to 31st October 2016. Methodology: Two hundred and sixty pap smears of married women of reproductive age group with vaginal discharge who attended Gynecology OPD were included. Proper history regarding age, socioeconomic status, age of marriage, literacy level, smoking, and nutritional status was taken. Results: Disease prevalence was found to be 19.2%(50)in this sample of 260 while 9.1% had Candidiasis, 47%, 17.2% ,3.7%, 4.1% had Mild nonspecific inflammation, Moderate nonspecific inflammation, Moderate to severe nonspecific inflammation, and negative smears respectively. Bacterial vaginosis was associated with age, monthly income, illiteracy, early age at marriage, history of abortion and nutritional status with significant p-value ≤ 0.05. However no association was found between the disease and marital status, smoking and pallor. Conclusion: Low socioeconomic status, literacy, age >35, nutritional status is strongly related to occurrence of bacterial vaginosis in women of reproductive age group with vaginal discharge. Key Words: Bacterial vaginosis, Pap smear, Sociodemographic determinants

scholarly journals Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis and Its Association with Risk Factors among Nonpregnant Women: A Hospital Based Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza Ranjit ◽  
Bijendra Raj Raghubanshi ◽  
Smrity Maskey ◽  
Pramila Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an ecological imbalance of the vaginal microbiota affecting mostly women of reproductive age group. This study was carried out among 160 nonpregnant women registered at the Outpatient Department of Gynaecology/Obstetrics of KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital, Imadol, Lalitpur, Nepal, from November 2014 to May 2015. The aim of the study was to assess the association of the risk factors with BV and analyze the type of bacteria associated with BV. Nugent’s scoring method was used for diagnosis of BV in this study. The overall prevalence of BV was 24.4% among symptomatic patients. Douching was statistically related to BV(P=0.015). Also, BV was significantly associated with consistency(P=0.0001), odor(P=0.02), and amount of abnormal vaginal discharge(P=0.09). Contraceptives users on anatomical sites were found more prone to BV than those who did not use contraceptives on anatomical sites.Pseudomonasspp.,Escherichia coli, Acinetobacterspp., Proteusspp., Klebsiellaspp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Enterobacterspp., Citrobacterspp., Staphylococcus aureus,Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS),andStreptococcus agalactiaewere associated with BV and out of thoseLactobacillusspp. was the predominant organism. The higher prevalence of BV among symptomatic patients indicates interventions should be applied to reduce the incidence of stillbirth, abortion, and sterility.

scholarly journals Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among reproductive age group women in a tertiary care centre

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4515
Author(s):  
Rema V. Nair ◽  
Raja Preethi ◽  
M. Vijayalekshmi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Vaginal discharge in reproductive age poses a serious problem in the developing countries. Bacterial vaginosis also known as non-specific vaginitis is the most common cause of vaginal infections, detecting the organism at an early stage and initiating a proper treatment is very difficult in our country due to lack of awareness and proper follow-up. The disease manifests in the form of vaginal discharge with or without itching. It has a strong association with preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes and low birth weight in pregnancy. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among the reproductive age group women, in a tertiary care centre.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 150 women of the reproductive age group in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences over a period of one month October 2018 the diagnosis was made with history and nugents scoring system.Results: Out of the total 150 women enrolled in the study 74 had positive results, 50% of them were of the age group 26-30.Conclusions: The study shows us the high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis.

Clinical Study on Risk Factors of Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Reproductive Age Group and Study of Abdominal Sling Surgeries done for It, with respect to Early Complications, Anatomical Results, and Symptoms of Descent

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206
Author(s):  
M Lakshmidevi ◽  
HS Sheela
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Anterior Abdominal Wall ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Early Complications ◽  
Sling Surgery ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

ABSTRACT Introduction The purpose of a conservative procedure is the correction and restoration of the prolapse with the most effective long-lasting result, which allows sexual functioning and, for young patients, conservation of reproduction. Objectives To study the risk factors for prolapse in reproductive age group; to study various conservative surgeries done for pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Materials and methods This is a retrospective study conducted on patients presenting with pelvic organ prolapse in reproductive age group, at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, from June 2008 to June 2014. Results We identified 68 women with uterovaginal prolapse in reproductive age group who underwent conservative surgeries: 26 (18%) underwent Virkud's surgery, 20 (29.4%) underwent Shirodkar's sling surgery, and 22 (32.3%) underwent Purandare's sling surgery. There was no major difference in intraoperative and postoperative details in all three surgeries. Postoperative improvement in symptoms was 16 (80%) in Shirodkar's group, 20 (90%) in Virkud's composite sling surgery, and 16 (61.5%) in anterior abdominal wall cervicopexy surgery. Conclusion Obstetric risk factors are the major contributing factors for pelvic organ prolapse in the reproductive age group. Proper intranatal care will help in reducing the problem; all the conservative surgeries have similar intraoperative, postoperative morbidity and are similar with respect to early anatomical correction. Urinary tract infection and urinary retention were more in anterior abdominal wall hysteropexy group; Patient's satisfaction and success rate is more in Sacropexy and Virkud's composite surgery group compared to anterior abdominal wall hysteropexy group. How to cite this article Lakshmidevi M, Venkatesh S, Sheela HS. Clinical Study on Risk Factors of Pelvic Organ Prola in Reproductive Age Group and Study of Abdominal Sling Surgeries done for It, with respect to Early Complications, Anatomical Results, and Symptoms of Descent. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):202-206.

scholarly journals Women’s Awareness and Associated Factors on Preconception Folic Acid Supplementation in Adet, Northwestern Ethiopia, 2016: Implication of Reproductive Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitayal Ayalew Goshu ◽  
Tewachew Muche Liyeh ◽  
Amare Simegn Ayele ◽  
Liknaw Bewket Zeleke ◽  
Yohannes Tesfahun Kassie
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Chronic Health Problem ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Introduction. Preconception folic acid supplementation is the provision of folate for reproductive age group women who have a plan to be pregnant. According to different studies, in African countries, there is poor utilization of preconception folic supplementation. So this study aimed at assessing women’s awareness on preconception care and its associated factors in Adet, Northwestern Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to April 1, 2016, among 422 reproductive age group women. Systematic random sampling was used to get the study unit, and the data were collected using pretested structured questionnaire via face-to-face interview. The collected data were entered, cleaned, checked using EpiData version 3.1, and finally analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive summary of the data was presented in terms of percentage and frequency. Binary and multiple logistic regressions were used in order to identify predictors using odds ratio at 95% confidence interval. Result. In this study, a total of 422 reproductive age group women participated with a response rate of 100%. Of a total of 422 participants, 67 (15.9%) of the women had good awareness on preconception folic acid supplementation. Women’s awareness on preconception folic acid supplementation was affected by having a chronic health problem, monthly household income, educational status, and a history of family planning use. Women who were educated (AOR 4.77, CI 1.85–6.98), had a history of family planning use (AOR 3.89, CI 1.77–8.55), had a chronic health problem (AOR 3.47, CI 2.68–5.98), and had a better monthly income (AOR 2.6, CI 2.05–6.76) had good awareness than their counterparts. Conclusion and Recommendation. This study concluded that women’s awareness on preconception folic acid supplementation was low. This finding suggests that there is a need to give emphasis and deliver health education about preconception folic acid supplementation for women.

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