scholarly journals Incidence of carbapenem resistant nonfermenting gram negative bacilli from patients with respiratory tract infections among intensive care units

2015 ◽  
pp. 1368-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Devi ◽  
P. Reddy ◽  
Maria John
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Burden of multidrug resistant respiratory pathogens in intensive care units of tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharm Raj Bhatta ◽  
Deependra Hamal ◽  
Rajani Shrestha ◽  
Supram HS ◽  
Pushpanjali Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Lower respiratory tract infections are one of the most common infections among the patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Admission in ICUs and use of life supporting devices increase the risk of infection with multidrug resistant pathogens. Aims and Objectives: This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiograms ofthe bacterial pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infectionsamong patients of ICUs. Materials and Methods: A total of 184 specimens from patients admitted in ICUswith lower respiratory tract infections were included in this study. Isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by standard microbiological techniques. Carbapenamase detection was performed by modified Hodge test method.Detection of metallo beta lactamase (MBL) was tested by imipenem and imipenem/EDTA disc. Detection of Klebsiellapneumoniaecarbapenamase (KPC) was performed by imipenem and imipenem/phenyl boronic acid. Results: Out of 184 samples, 131 showed significant growth of bacterial pathogens. Acinetobacter species (42.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (16.9%) and Pseudomonasaeruginosa(13.9%)were the three most common isolates. Out of 22 imipenem resistant isolates of Acientobacter species, 9 were KPC producer, 4 were MBL producers and 3 isolates were positive for MBL and KPC both. Among the Acinetobacter species, 5.1% isolates were resistant to tigecycline and colistin. One isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was positive for MBL. Conclusions:High prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria in ICUs was recorded. Gram negative bacilli were predominantly associated with LRTI among ICU patients;Acinetobacterspecies being most common isolate. Detection of carbapenamase among the Acinetobacterand emergence of tigecycline resistancelimits the therapeutic options.Regular monitoring of such resistant isolates would be important for managing infection control in critical units.

A Potential Infection Hazard Associated with the Use of Disposable Saline Vials

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Rutala ◽  
Marsha M. Stiegel ◽  
Felix A. Sarubbi
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Therapy ◽  
Streptococcus Viridans ◽  
The Past ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractNosocomial respiratory tract infections have occasionally been associated with contaminated respiratory therapy devices and techniques. In the past two years, our hospital purchased disposable saline squeeze vials for use during suctioning of intubated patients. These vials have a cap which must be flipped or twisted-off by the user before the contents can be instilled into the patient's respiratory tract. We observed use of this item in our intensive care units (ICU) and studied the potential for contamination. ICU nurses use ungloved hand(s) to flip or twist-off squeeze vial cups resulting in skin contact with the vial opening. Cultures of nurses' hands and squeeze vial contents were obtained in the ICU where 24 nurses opened 92 vials in the manner previously described. Twenty-three percent of vial contents were contaminated and cultures revealed S. epidermidis, S. aureus, Streptococcus viridans and enterococcus. On six occasions, organisms recovered from vial contents were believed to be identical to organisms isolated from the hands of the nurse who opened the vial. When nurses used care in removing the saline vial cap, cultures of vial contents were sterile.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Nosocomial Infections between Internal and Surgical Intensive Care Units of a University Hospital in Birjand, Iran from 2015 to 2016: A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Ebrahimzadeh ◽  
Elaheh Allahyari ◽  
Fatemeh Nikoomanesh ◽  
Majid Zare_bidaki
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Surgical Icu ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background:The aim of this study was to investigate and then to compare the prevalence of nosocomial infections (NIs) in the patients admitted to the surgery and internal Intensive Care Units(ICU) as well as studying the risk factors involved.Methods:In this cross-sectional descriptive, patients admitted to ICUs were studied over a year .Clinical data of patients, including demographic information, length of stay, underlining disease, the rate of patient with NIs and distribution of NIs sites and pathogens were collected. Univariate and multivariate logestic regression were carried out to determine the factors associated with NIs.Results:A total of 1018 patients were studiedincluding surgical ICU (n = 665) and internal ICU (n = 353). The incidence rate of NI in surgical and internal ICUs was 67(10.1%) and 96(27.2%), respectively. The most common NI in the internal ICU were respiratory tract infections( RTI ,46.9%) and urinary tract infections (UTI, 37.5%), while in the surgical ICU, the most common infections were respiratory tract infections (RTI, 38.3%) and surgical-site infections (SSI, 22.0%), respectively. The major factors the length of stay and the use of nasogastric intubation (NG tubes) were associated with NIs in both ICUs.Conclusions:The incidence of infections in the internal ICU were more than the surgical ICU. Age, underlying diseases, the long stay, used of ventilator and NG tube were factors associated with NIs rate in internal ICU.Trial registration:This study was the result of two research works with ethics code (IR.BUMS.REC.1394-17 and IR.BUMS.REC.1394-27).

Amikacin in Gram-Negative Paediatric Infections

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-265
Author(s):  
Hugo Trujillo ◽  
Rafael Manotas ◽  
Jose Ivan Ramirez ◽  
Alvaro Uribe ◽  
Nancy Agudelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Complete Cure ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

Amikacin was used in the treatment of various Gram-negative infections in sixty-six children ranging in age from two days to thirteen years. Over 72% of the infections treated were classified as severe and the remainder were moderate. Among infections in which the site of origin was the urinary or gastro-intestinal tract, amikacin achieved thirty-eight (95%) complete or partial cures in forty patients. In respiratory tract infections, amikacin completely or partially cured six (75%) out of eight patients. The remaining eighteen infections involved skin, soft tissue and other miscellaneous categories in which amikacin therapy resulted in seventeen (94%) complete or partial cures. Overall, amikacin achieved fifty-four complete cures and seven clinical or bacteriological cures in sixty-six patients, which represents an 82% complete cure rate and 10% partial cure rate for all the patients in the study.

scholarly journals Ritkábban előforduló, alsó légúti fertőzést okozó Gram-negatív nem fermentáló pálcák

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Emese Juhász ◽  
Miklós Iván ◽  
Júlia Pongrácz ◽  
Katalin Kristóf
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract: Introduction: Glucose non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria are ubiquitous environmental organisms. Most of them are identified as opportunistic, nosocomial pathogens in patients. Uncommon species are identified accurately, mainly due to the introduction of matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in clinical microbiology practice. Most of these uncommon non-fermenting rods are isolated from lower respiratory tract samples. Their significance in lower respiratory tract infections, such as rules of their testing are not clarified yet. Aim: The aim of this study was to review the clinical microbiological features of these bacteria, especially their roles in lower respiratory tract infections and antibiotic treatment options. Method: Lower respiratory tract samples of 3589 patients collected in a four-year period (2013–2016) were analyzed retrospectively at Semmelweis University (Budapest, Hungary). Identification of bacteria was performed by MALDI-TOF MS, the antibiotic susceptibility was tested by disk diffusion method. Results: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was revealed to be the second, whereas Acinetobacter baumannii the third most common non-fermenting rod in lower respiratory tract samples, behind the most common Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The total number of uncommon non-fermenting Gram-negative isolates was 742. Twenty-three percent of isolates were Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Beside Chryseobacterium, Rhizobium, Delftia, Elizabethkingia, Ralstonia and Ochrobactrum species, and few other uncommon species were identified among our isolates. The accurate identification of this species is obligatory, while most of them show intrinsic resistance to aminoglycosides. Resistance to ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam and carbapenems was frequently observed also. Conclusions: Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were found to be the most effective antibiotic agents. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(1): 23–30.

Effectiveness of Oral Rinse with Chlorhexidine in Preventing Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections among Intensive Care Unit Patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 952-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Bellissimo-Rodrigues ◽  
Wanessa Teixeira Bellissimo-Rodrigues ◽  
Jaciara Machado Viana ◽  
Gil Cezar Alkmim Teixeira ◽  
Edson Nicolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Oral Application ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective.To evaluate the effectiveness of the oral application of a 0.12% solution of Chlorhexidine for prevention of respiratory tract infections among intensive care unit (ICU) patients.Design.The study design was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Setting.The study was performed in an ICU in a tertiary care hospital at a public university.Patients.Study participants comprised 194 patients admitted to the ICU with a prospective length of stay greater than 48 hours, randomized into 2 groups: those who received Chlorhexidine (n = 98) and those who received a placebo (n = 96).Intervention.Oral rinses with Chlorhexidine or a placebo were performed 3 times a day throughout the duration of the patient's stay in the ICU. Clinical data were collected prospectively.Results.Both groups displayed similar baseline clinical features. The overall incidence of respiratory tract infections (RR, 1.0 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63-1.60]) and the rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia per 1,000 ventilator-days were similar in both experimental and control groups (22.6 vs 22.3; P = .95). Respiratory tract infection-free survival time (7.8 vs 6.9 days; P = .61), duration of mechanical ventilation (11.1 vs 11.0 days; P = .61), and length of stay (9.7 vs 10.4 days; P = .67) did not differ between the Chlorhexidine and placebo groups. However, patients in the Chlorhexidine group exhibited a larger interval between ICU admission and onset of the first respiratory tract infection (11.3 vs 7.6 days; P = .05). The chances of surviving the ICU stay were similar (RR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.72-1.63]).Conclusion.Oral application of a 0.12% solution of Chlorhexidine does not prevent respiratory tract infections among ICU patients, although it may retard their onset.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document